At present, along with the rapid popularization of the mobile Internet, smart hardware and the Internet of Things (IoT), the total amount of global data has shown exponential growth, and at the same time, machine learning and other advanced data analysis technology innovations are also becoming more and more active, so that the value of big data implied by the greater degree of visibility of the value of data, a more focus on data value of the new era is quietly
Switzerland
The 2017 World Digital Competitiveness Ranking of the International School of Management in Lausanne, Switzerland, shows that the digital competitiveness of countries and their overall competitiveness show a highly consistent trend, i.e., the overall competitiveness of countries with strong digital competitiveness is also strong, and at the same time it is easier to generate disruptive innovations. In fact, developed countries represented by the United States, the United Kingdom, South Korea and Japan have always attached importance to the important role of big data in promoting economic development and social change, and enhancing the overall competitiveness of the country, and are currently treating big data as an important strategic resource, vigorously grasping the advantages of the first-mover advantage in the development of big data technology and industry, and actively defending the sovereignty of their own data in order to strive to take the lead in the era of digital economy. We may be able to glimpse the new trend of big data development from the new initiatives of the development of big data in various countries.
The United States: Steady implementation of the "three-step" strategy to create a future-oriented big data innovation ecosystem
The United States is the first country to take the lead in the rise of big data from a commercial concept to a national strategy, through the steady implementation of the "three-step" strategy, the development of big data technology, commercial applications, and the development of the digital economy. Through the steady implementation of the "three-step" strategy, the U.S. has built up a global leading edge in the research and development of big data technologies, commercial applications, and the protection of national security.
The first step is to rapidly deploy big data core technology research and actively develop big data applications in some fields. 2012, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy released the "Big Data Research and Development Initiative" to enhance the ability to obtain knowledge and mine value from massive and complex data, and then promote the accelerated pace of innovation in the fields of science and engineering. The second step is to adjust the policy framework and legal regulations, and actively respond to the privacy protection and other issues brought about by the development of big data.In 2014, the United States issued a white paper entitled "Big Data: Seizing Opportunities, Guarding Values," reiterating once again that it is necessary to grasp the major opportunities that big data can bring innovative impetus to the economic and social development, and at the same time, it is also necessary to be highly vigilant about the privacy and fairness issues brought about by the application of big data, and to y analyze the possible governance challenges in a positive and pragmatic manner. Analyze the possible governance challenges in a positive and pragmatic manner. The third step is to strengthen the construction of data-driven systems and capabilities to provide a long-term guarantee for improving the overall competitiveness of the country.In 2016, the United States released the Federal Big Data R&D Strategic Plan, forming a systematic top-level design covering seven dimensions, including technology research and development, data trustworthiness, infrastructure, data openness and **** enjoyment, privacy security and ethics, talent cultivation, and multi-body synergy, to build a future-oriented big data innovation ecosystem. data innovation ecology.
After Trump assumed the presidency of the United States, he has continued to pay attention to the application of big data and its industrial development, and urged the relevant departments to implement major projects on big data, build and open high-quality databases, strengthen the big data infrastructure such as 5G, the Internet of Things, and high-speed broadband Internet, and promote digital trade and cross-border data flows, etc. In April 2017, the U.S. Department of Energy and the Department of Veterans Affairs jointly launched the "Million Veterans Project (MVP)" in hopes of analyzing massive amounts of data with the help of machine learning technology to improve veterans' health.In September 2017 the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality released the first publicly available database in the U.S., which includes more than 600 health systems across the country. The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy has been actively working with other countries to prevent regulatory barriers to the digital economy, promote information flow, and oppose digital localization.
Britain: Grasping the Opportunities of Big Data Industry to Address Post-Brexit Economic Challenges
In the early stage of the development of big data, the United Kingdom, on the basis of the U.S. experience and practices, fully integrated with the characteristics and needs of the country, has increased investment in research and development of big data, strengthened the top-level design, and focused on some of the key breakthroughs in the field of application. Recently, the UK has paid special attention to the pulling effect of big data on economic growth, and has intensively released the Digital Strategy 2017, the Industrial Strategy: Building a Future-Ready Britain, hoping that the digital economy's contribution to the country's total economic output can reach ￡200 billion by 2025, and actively responding to the challenges of slowing economic growth that may be brought about by the EU exit.
In 2012, the United Kingdom will be big data as the first of the eight forward-looking technology areas, a one-time investment of 189 million pounds for related scientific research and innovation, in the eight areas of the total investment accounted for 38.6%, far more than the remaining seven areas. Subsequently, the UK has elevated the all-round construction of data capability to a national strategy, and released the "Seizing the Opportunities Brought by Data: A Strategic Plan for Data Capability in the UK" in 2013, which puts forward that human capital (research and development talents and the people who are good at utilizing data), infrastructure and software and hardware development capability, as well as rich and open data assets are the core of the development of big data, which is related to whether it can take a leading edge in the competition in the future. The strategy also proposes 11 specific actions to be deployed, unleashing a huge digital potential in just two to three years. From 2010 to 2015, the contribution of the digital economy to the value added of the UK economy grew by 21.7%, exceeding the 17.4% growth rate of economic value added over the same period, and the size of the digital economy in 2015 was 118 billion pounds, accounting for more than 7% of the value added of the economy, with the total value of exports of digital goods and services exceeding 50 billion pounds.
In order to unlock greater value from data, and create and maintain an economic system that can sustain more revenue and growth, while allowing all of society to benefit from it, the UK government in March 2017 put forward the Digital Strategy 2017, a top-level design for developing the digital economy in the new era. The new strategy sets out seven key objectives and corresponding initiatives, and in particular sets out higher standards for each of them. The first is to build a world-class digital infrastructure, the second is to enable everyone to acquire the digital skills they need, the third is to become the most suitable country for the startup and growth of digital businesses, the fourth is to promote the smooth digital and intelligent transformation of every enterprise, the fifth is to have the safest cybersecurity environment, the sixth is to shape a platform-based government to provide the public with the best digital public **** services, and the seventh is to fully unleash the various types of data's potential while addressing issues such as privacy and ethics.
In November 2017, the UK released the white paper "Industrial Strategy: building a Britain fit for the future" for the whole society, emphasizing that the UK should actively address the four major challenges of artificial intelligence and big data, green growth, an aging society, and the future of mobility, and calling on all parties to work closely together to promote the research, development, and application of new technologies, so as to ensure that the UK is always at the forefront of future development and realize the current round of technological change and maximize the economic and social benefits. To this end, at the end of April 2018, the UK released a special report on Industrial Strategy: Artificial Intelligence, based on leading the global development of artificial intelligence and big data, and put forward a series of practical initiatives in five dimensions, such as encouraging innovation, fostering and gathering talents, upgrading infrastructure, optimizing the business environment, and promoting balanced regional development.
South Korea: Big data and other technologies as the core to deal with the fourth industrial revolution
For many years, South Korea's smart terminal penetration rate and mobile Internet access speed has been among the world's leading, which has made its data output also reached the world's advanced level. To capitalize on this natural advantage, South Korea formulated a big data development strategy at an early stage and pushed for big data to serve as an engine of economic growth.At the end of 2016, South Korea released its Medium- and Long-Term Comprehensive Countermeasures for an Intelligent Information Society, which is based on big data and other technologies, to proactively respond to the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
In December 2013, South Korea's multi-departmental "Big Data Industry Development Strategy" was jointly released, focusing on the construction of big data infrastructure and the creation of a big data market.
Early in 2015, South Korea gave a major judgment that the world had entered the era of big data 2.0, and that the big data technology was becoming more and more sophisticated, professional services are increasingly diverse, and data revenueization and innovative business models are the main development trends of big data in the future. Based on this, in the K-ICT strategy released in the same year, South Korea defined big data industry as one of the nine strategic industries, with the goal of making South Korea one of the world's top three big data powerhouses by 2019. South Korea also pays great attention to learning from other countries' experience, and after China released the "Big Data Development Survey Report" in May 2015, South Korea specifically conducted a comparative analysis of big data applications in China and South Korea, and focused on the problem that South Korea's level of big data applications is not coordinated with the big data market, and put forward a series of new initiatives.
The arrival of the wave of the global fourth industrial revolution in the past two years has forced South Korea to re-examine the development of smart manufacturing and information technology in the country, and put forward the Medium- and Long-Term Comprehensive Countermeasures for the Smart Information Society at the end of 2016, which defines big data and its related technologies as the core elements of the smart information society, and proposes specific development goals and initiatives.
One is to fully tap the value of data resources and strengthen the source of future competitiveness. Construct a large-scale data infrastructure for open*** enjoyment, and realize data openness in 320 public*** institutions by 2025; promote data circulation and use, activate the data trading market, and promote the realization of value-oriented trading of public*** and private data; activate data analysis enterprises, and reach the scale of 100 data professional service enterprises by 2020; cultivate big data professionals, and increase the annual number of data scientists trained to grow from 500 in 2017 to 1,000 in 2030; and develop blockchain technology to improve the reliability of data management, among others. Second, build a solid foundation for big data technology. We will strengthen research on mathematical methodology, provide long-term and stable support for research on next-generation computing technologies such as new learning inference, quantum computing, neuromorphic chips, etc., promote the openness***sharing of scientific research big data, push forward the construction of industrial data centers, and strengthen the cooperation between industry, academia, and research institutes***together with the research and development of industrial***sexual technologies, etc. Third, oriented to the demand for data services, constructing a hyper-connected network environment. Ensure the supply of frequency resources, promote the commercialization of 5G in an orderly manner, realize large-scale inter-machine communications, and realize real-time hyper-connectivity between different service networks; promote the optimization of the communications carrier system, and eliminate barriers to the entry of late-starting enterprises into the operation industry; further strengthen the infrastructure of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing, and make full use of intelligent sensor data; and introduce quantum communications and security networks in phases.
New Trends in Big Data Development
Consolidating the new trends and initiatives of the above typical countries, we can find the new trends of the current and future global big data development.
One is the increasing integration of big data with artificial intelligence, cloud computing, Internet of Things, blockchain and other technologies, which has become a strategic technology for countries to seize future development opportunities. The UK has emphasized the development of big data and artificial intelligence in its industrial strategy, which is likely to drive the disruption and replacement of existing markets for goods and services. Japan defines big data, IoT and AI as essential *** technologies for building a super-smart social service platform. Korea, similar to Japan, defines a smart information society as "a society where ICBM (Internet of Things, cloud services, big data and cell phones) and AI (artificial intelligence) converge."
The second is that the importance of big data resources to the economic and political game of countries has become more prominent. The latest version of the U.S. national security strategy, Trump once again compared "data" to a kind of energy, he believes that mastery of data and related capabilities, is for the sustained growth of the U.S. economy, the effective resistance to hostile ideologies, as well as the deployment of the construction of the most powerful military force to build the most basic guarantee. The recent Facebook crisis, coupled with the involvement of Cambridge Analytica and its parent company Strategic Communications Laboratory in the election campaigns of many leaders in recent years, has made big data and related technologies an important source of information for certain national interests. resources and related technologies have become an important means for certain national interest groups and enterprises to influence the political ecology and social security, and the risks to the political and social development of countries have become more complex and unpredictable.
Third, the basic conditions for the application of big data have changed in leaps and bounds. On the one hand, the breadth and depth of government data openness will be further broadened, the progress of multi-source data fusion technology, for the public **** the level of service digitization and intelligence to provide a technical level of protection, data standardization and openness has become the countries to build a service-oriented government and the platform of the government's resources to protect. On the other hand, the infrastructure for big data applications will become similar to utilities such as water, electricity, gas and heating, and become an essential part of people's lives. This includes IoT, intelligent hardware and other data collection facilities, 5G, optical communications and other ultra-high-speed data transmission facilities, as well as supercomputers, cloud computing and edge computing and other computing facilities, as well as new storage facilities and so on.
Fourth, big data security for countries to achieve "balanced" development brings more serious challenges. In the development strategy of big data in different countries and regions, different countries and regions on the "data openness **** enjoy" and "personal information protection" focus on different, such as the EU hopes to maximize the protection of personal privacy through mandatory uniform standards, while the United States is more relatively weaker For example, the EU wants to maximize the protection of personal privacy through mandatory uniform standards, while the U.S. is relatively weaker in legal constraints and wants to fully mobilize the initiative of enterprises, which poses a new challenge to the integration and development of international rules on global big data in the future. At the same time, the rights and obligations of big data enterprises should be rebalanced, too strict regulation will limit the pace of corporate innovation, but if too much freedom, in practice, it is inevitable that enterprises on the issue of large-scale infringement of personal privacy.