Suggestions on how to control urban environmental pollution\x0dSince the reform and opening up, with the rapid growth of the national economy and the overall progress of society, the process of urbanization has accelerated. 1978 to 2004, the number of cities increased from 193 to 661, the number of established towns increased from 2,173 to 20,312, the total population of municipalities increased from 170 million to 540 million, the share of the national total population increased from 17.9% to 41.8%. 17.9% to 41.8% of the country's total population. Such rapid urbanization is bound to have a greater impact on China's fragile ecological environment. Huge population pressure, increasingly scarce resources and deteriorating environmental quality have become constraints to urban development. With the rapid development of urbanization pattern in the world, the city as a special ecosystem, while showing a huge role in promoting economic development and social progress, but also continue to appear serious environmental problems. \x0d I. Main Pollution Problems \x0d First, urban water pollution is still very prominent. With the expansion of urban scale, the amount of domestic sewage discharge increased rapidly, in 1998 for the first time more than industrial wastewater discharge. 2001, the national industrial wastewater discharge of 20.07 billion tons, urban and rural sewage discharge of 22.77 billion tons, of which the COD discharge of domestic sewage increased by 8% compared with the previous year, while the industrial wastewater COD discharge during the same period was reduced by 13.8%. At present, the national urban sewage treatment rate is only 34.3%. Urban rivers have become sewage drains. A large amount of sewage discharged directly into the urban water environment has deteriorated, the seven major river basins in urban river sections have formed a clear pollution zone, and some cities are also polluted drinking water sources. \x0dThe second is that urban air pollution, characterized by particulate matter in northern cities and acid rain in southern cities, is still relatively serious. National urban gas penetration rate of only 60.2%, a large number of cities are still using coal as the main civilian fuel, a large number of coal-burning caused soot pollution, sulfur dioxide concentration of the annual average value of 21% of cities that do not meet the national secondary standards. Many cities are affected by acid rain, and many cities have high levels of particulate matter in the air due to the large amount of bare ground, irregular management of construction sites, and careless collection and transportation of soil and garbage. Of the 338 cities in the country, 63.5% do not meet the national air quality standards. \Thirdly, the lack of proper disposal of household garbage is seriously affecting the environmental quality of surface water and groundwater. The annual amount of domestic garbage is about 118 million tons, only 60% of which has been treated and disposed of to varying degrees, and 79 million tons of domestic garbage are simply landfilled or piled up in the suburbs of cities and along rivers, which destroys the natural landscape of the cities (especially in the urban-rural areas). In addition, all kinds of wastes generated by tertiary industry and residents' life in cities are collected in a mixed way, and there are no special centralized treatment facilities for special wastes such as medical wastes, so the disposal or dumping of common household wastes has become a hidden danger of spreading diseases and polluting the environment. \Fourthly, motor vehicle exhaust pollution is becoming more and more prominent in big cities. China has become the world's fourth-largest producer and third-largest consumer of automobiles, and in 2004, the number of automobiles in the country reached 27.42 million. In recent years, although the elimination of leaded gasoline, limiting the content of other hazardous substances in gasoline, adopting electric injection and three-way catalytic in new cars, and introducing new emission standards, the emission of pollutants from single vehicles has been reduced. However, due to the rapid increase in the number of motor vehicles, the total amount of pollutant emissions is still increasing. Cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Zhengzhou and Shenyang are heavily polluted by nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide on both sides of the traffic arteries has seriously exceeded the standard, and the type of atmospheric pollution in some cities has changed from soot type to compound type. In addition, the road growth and vehicle growth mismatch, modern traffic management means is insufficient, motor vehicles often idle condition, is also an important cause of increased pollution from motor vehicles. \Fifth, noise pollution has become an important environmental problem that affects the quality of life of urban residents. Traffic, social life, building construction is the main source of noise pollution, at present, the traffic on the urban noise pollution accounted for 70-80%. In 214 cities where traffic noise monitoring is carried out, 31.3% of the cities are in moderate or heavy pollution level. In 176 cities where regional ambient noise monitoring is carried out, 55.6% of the cities are at moderate or heavy pollution level. When some cities build elevated bridges to improve traffic conditions, they often fail to solve the problem of noise reduction and isolation on both sides of the elevated roads, which greatly affects the lives of the residents on both sides of the traffic arteries. \x0d In addition, urban greening, urban population and other factors are also major problems facing the urban environment, urban ecological imbalance continues to be serious, "urban heat island", "urban desert" and other prominent problems. At the same time, the degradation of urban natural ecosystems has exacerbated the contradiction between the supply of resources and environment and the economic and social development of cities. If these urban environmental problems are not solved, the healthy development of urban economy and society will be seriously constrained. \x0dThe main recommendations for solving urban pollution\x0dThe comprehensive improvement of the urban environment should start from maximizing the overall function of the city, and use comprehensive measures to improve, protect and shape the urban environment, in order to achieve the purpose of protecting and improving environmental quality. Take administrative, legal, economic and scientific and technological measures, rational use of natural resources, to prevent environmental pollution and damage, in order to maintain ecological balance, expand the reproduction of useful natural resources, to ensure the development of human society, in order to coordinate the relationship between economic construction, urban and rural construction and environmental construction, to take the road of sustainable development. \x0d1, rational planning, improve urban functions. Follow the laws of ecology, from the city's environmental capacity and the ability to ensure resources, the formulation and implementation of urban master plan, rationally determine the size of the city and the direction of development, adjust the city's industrial structure and spatial layout, and gradually solve the problem of mixed functional areas of the city, accelerate the construction of urban environmental infrastructure, and improve the city's ecological environment. \x0d2, urban water pollution control. All cities should formulate plans to improve water quality, focusing on the protection of urban drinking water sources. Cities with a population of more than 200,000 people should establish a water quality reporting system for water sources, environmental protection key cities to implement the environmental quality of drinking water source water reporting system. Adopting measures such as intercepting sewage, treating sewage, clearing silt, guaranteeing water for urban rivers and lakes, accelerating water exchange, maintaining urban wetlands, etc., to make urban surface water reach the standard according to its function. Comprehensively apply price, administrative, scientific and technological and engineering measures to promote urban water conservation, sewage treatment and its resource utilization, and create water-saving cities. Strictly control the amount of groundwater extraction, prohibit over-exploitation of groundwater. \x0d3, urban air pollution control. Increase the proportion of clean energy in cities, improve the energy structure, large and medium-sized cities to build high-pollution fuel-free zones, in densely populated urban areas to gradually eliminate the direct combustion of raw coal. Promote the active utilization of natural gas in cities along the west-east gas pipeline. Accelerate the construction of urban heating and gas supply capacity. Prohibit the construction of new coal-fired power plants and other enterprises that seriously pollute the atmosphere in the suburbs of cities. Vigorously develop public **** transportation, encourage the development and use of clean-fuel vehicles, and gradually raise and strictly enforce the pollutant emission standards for motor vehicles. Large and medium-sized cities and urban agglomerations should comprehensively control the interaction of urban air pollutants. In accordance with ecological requirements for greening, landscaping, hardening, and strengthening the environmental management of construction and road transportation, effective control of urban dust. The establishment of daily urban air quality and air quality forecasting system in key cities. \x0d4, control of urban garbage pollution. Accelerate the urban garbage treatment and comprehensive utilization, safe disposal of hazardous waste and other urban environmental protection infrastructure. The establishment of garbage collection, storage and transportation and treatment system, in the priority of garbage, solid waste reduction and resource-based, based on the implementation of harmless garbage and hazardous waste centralized safe disposal. The establishment of waste battery recycling and treatment system. Medical waste in cities with a population of more than 200,000 must all be safely disposed of, and encourage the centralized disposal of medical waste. \x0d5, control of urban noise pollution. Strengthen the supervision and management of construction, industrial production and social life noise. Restrictions on motor vehicles, trains in urban areas, the cause of sensitive buildings exceeding the acoustic environment of the heavy traffic load section, take noise reduction measures to control traffic noise pollution. \x0d6, do a good job of environmental protection in key cities. Comprehensive consideration of the size of the city, nature, regional distribution and environmental conditions and other factors, to expand the national environmental protection key cities to 113, and increase the comprehensive environmental improvement efforts. Continue to carry out activities to create national model cities for environmental protection, and enhance the comprehensive capacity of model cities for sustainable development. Improve the mechanism of public, community and media participation in urban environmental management, and establish an emergency response system for urban environmental pollution.