Every progress in human science is born on the basis of trial and error. The emergence of every new theory is the inheritance and development of predecessors. Human trial and error in science, whether successful or not, is commendable.
Nowadays, the frontier science of physics, string theory and M theory, as well as the unified theory and the study of dark matter's dark energy all depend on the most important scientific evidence-the discovery of magnetic monopole. Unfortunately, from 193 1 up to now, scientists have not found the solution of magnetic monopole. At present, there is a great controversy in the scientific community whether magnetic monopole exists or not.
193 1 year, the British physicist dirac published a paper entitled "Quantization anomaly of electromagnetic field" in the journal of the Royal Society, predicting that the existence of magnetic monopole conforms to quantum theory. Dirac predicted theoretically that magnetic monopoles could exist independently by mathematical and physical formulas. He believes that since electricity has elementary charge-electrons, then magnetism should also have a basic magnetic charge-magnetic monopole, so as to ensure the complete symmetry of electromagnetic phenomena. According to the reasonable deduction of electrodynamics and quantum mechanics, he proposed the magnetic monopole as a new particle. This is certainly shocking.
Dirac once predicted the existence of positrons, which was later proved by scientific experiments. People believe Dirac. In fact, it was our scientist Zhao Zhongyao who discovered the positron. Zhao Zhongyao first discovered the existence of positrons. He was the first scientist to discover antimatter in the history of physics. The positron annihilation radiation he observed was two years earlier than the positron track Anderson later saw. Zhao Zhongyao is a real Nobel Prize winner, but it's a pity that the West didn't award this prize to scientists in New China. The most important discoveries of mankind are matter and antimatter, which are the keys to the mysteries of the universe. Physically, the pattern is too small. Judging from the laws of the universe, his contribution is no less than Einstein's, so we should re-evaluate Mr. Zhao and his theory. The people of China will always remember this scientist who made great contributions to the new China.
Magnetic monopole refers to some magnetic substances with only N or S poles, and their magnetic induction line distribution is similar to the electric field line distribution of point charge. Magnetic monopole particles are microscopic high-energy particles with monopole flux superconductivity. The existence of magnetic monopole particles must be "nano-linear" micro-effective particles with superconductivity quantized quantum transition, and the particles exist in the coherent linear combination of quantum transition angular momentum and can be measured. Of course, this is all hypothetical.
Do magnetic monopole particles exist or not? Now suppose a special energy field exists in a specific environment. Strictly speaking, only one kind of material energy field is related to the escape of the particle's "source-excited" magnetopolaron, and the magnetic monopole particle does not have the characteristics of multipole. It can be inferred that the existence of magnetic monopole particles is dark matter and S-pole magnetic monopole particles, and the dark energy is N-pole magnetic monopole particles. Known black holes and singularities in the macroscopic cosmic environment belong to the macroscopic manifestations of single magnetic pole.
The basis of electromagnetism is charge, current and electric field, but there is no magnetic charge and magnetic current, only magnetic field. We can move electrons by changing the magnetic field, but we can't move the magnetic charge by changing the electric field, because the magnetic charge does not exist. This is the asymmetry between electricity and magnetism. So the equations of electric field (e) and magnetic field (b) in Maxwell's equations are different. From equation? B = 0 We know that the magnetic monopole does not exist.
Assuming that there are magnetic charges and magnetic currents in nature, Maxwell's equations are symmetrical except for some basic constants. In terms of natural logic (symmetry of electricity and magnetism), a magnetic monopole should exist.
Symmetry and conservation are the most basic worldviews of physicists and mathematicians, and they must experience them in their housekeeping skills. Nott theorem is the guiding light of physics in the 20th century and it must be adhered to. However, if we want to correctly understand Nott's theorem one by one, putting assumptions that do not conform to Nott's theorem on the head of Nott's theorem will lead to bifurcation.
Whether a magnetic monopole exists or not must be clarified, which is the scientist spirit loyal to science.
Scientists imagine that if magnetic monopoles can be found in the collider, they should be produced in the early universe.
Scientists looked at the stars and the moon, and finally found the magnetic monopole in the experiment of 1982. In Cabreira laboratory, an 8-magneton signal was recorded, which means that a magnetic monopole passed through the superconducting coil. What an amazing discovery. Cabreira immediately as full of energy as chicken blood, to bravely chase the enemy. Cabreira built a bigger detector, but he was so disappointed that he could never find a second magnetic monopole.
Scientists are scientists, which is a major issue involving physical theory. How can you give up? We must find the reason. Is there something wrong with Cabreira's experiment? Or is there only a unique magnetic monopole passing through his detector in the universe? No The third reason is that his experiment has neither been proved wrong nor right. How can you give up? If there is a magnetic monopole, there will be a second magnetic monopole. We must stick to it. Scientists grit their teeth and stick to their ideals, so they have been looking for it for decades.
If the magnetic monopole particle is the basic composition of matter, it must be found. Scientists have extensively explored pure attractive particles and pure repulsive particles. Whenever a particle accelerator opens up a new energy region or discovers a new material source, such as taking rocks from the moon, it is necessary to look for magnetic monopole particles again. 1982, a magnetic monopole particle was detected by the superconducting quantum interferometer magnetometer, but its existence was not found.
The European Nuclear Research Center has an experiment called MoEDAL, whose goal is to find magnetic monopoles generated directly in LHC. On 20 17 12.29, the team published the latest results: the data analyzed is more than 6 times that of the previous experiment, but there is still no trace of magnetic monopole.
On the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Ionization can't turn on magnetism; Magnetism and electricity are inseparable. The universe is full of electromagnetic waves, which are the unity of electricity and magnetism.
Similar to electricity and magnetism, there is an electric field around the charged body and a magnetic field around the magnet; Like charges repel, like poles repel; Different charges attract different magnetic poles; The changing electric field can excite the magnetic field, and the changing magnetic field can also excite the electric field; Objects can be charged by friction. If one pole of a magnet rubs in the same direction several times, an iron bar can be magnetized. Faraday and Maxwell founded the electromagnetic field theory of "electricity generates magnetism, and magnetism generates electricity".
Macroscopically, there is a magnetic field in the asymmetry between them, from the earth, the moon and the planets to the stars, the Milky Way and the extragalactic galaxies, and even the whole interstellar space. The magnetic field determines the origin, structure and evolution of celestial bodies. The electric field plays another role in space.
Microscopically, magnetism is more essential. We can use magnetism to restrict electricity, but we can't use electricity to restrict magnetism (using electricity to generate magnetism is another matter, such as electromagnets). In electrical phenomena, charged bodies can be divided into particles with positive and negative charges, and positive and negative charges can exist independently.
The poles of a magnet always appear in pairs. No matter how small the needle is, a small magnet always has two poles, and people have never found a single pole-a magnetic monopole.
The physical world outlook of experimental science cannot solve such a major cosmic problem. In order to understand the mystery of the universe, human beings need two kinds of science, one is natural science, the other is philosophical science, and both are indispensable. Natural science is like a coolie who takes apart the parts of the universe, but can't assemble them, understand the principle and computer programming. This requires philosophy and scientific theory. Every step of experimental science seems to prove the objectivity and regularity of China's philosophy, and the achievements of experimental science provide strong evidence for the rationality of China's philosophical theory.
China's philosophy is the fundamental law of the universe, that is, everything is born by qi, changes by yin and yang, and reacts with each other. Before the advent of quantum mechanics, these profound laws of the universe were beyond human understanding. No matter what saints, including those who discovered these laws, all the explanations are one-sided, narrow and vague. Superstition arises because it cannot be understood correctly. Now we use quantum mechanics as evidence to interpret the regularity and scientificity of China's philosophy, and everything becomes clear.
The magnetic monopole that scientists are looking for, whether gravitational or repulsive, does not exist in isolation. It's all you have me and I have you, which is manifested in group behavior and group function.
From China's creation in ten thousand years, to the images of the Book of Changes shown in the catalogue A and B of the Sino-Japanese War of 9000 years, and then to the emergence of contemporary quantum mechanics, human beings have explored the ontology of the universe, pursued the evolution of the universe, and finally found the source of the universe, namely gravitational monopole particles and repulsive monopole particles. These two kinds of particles are inextricably intertwined, forming a movement change of unity of opposites, which is the origin of the universe and creating the celestial material world.
Tao Te Ching: Everything is negative and holds Yang. There is no isolated yin and isolated yang.
According to the practice of quantum mechanics, the universe is a process of particle motion of matter. The motion of matter is the motion of particles, the moving particles. These particles are N-pole particles and S-pole particles, that is, attraction and repulsion.
How do gravity (S pole) and repulsion (N pole) exist? Gravity and repulsion exist in particles. Particles are carriers of attraction and repulsion, that is, particles are composed of gravitational particles and centrifugal particles.
The structures and properties of these two particles are as follows:
These two kinds of particles are closely bound together. Between attractive particles, attractive particles and centrifugal particles. Centrifugal particles, gravitational particles and centrifugal particles. There are no isolated attractive particles and isolated centrifugal particles.
Attractive particles and centrifugal particles show mutual attraction and mutual repulsion. Attractive particles, particles and antiparticles all exist. Centrifugal particles, as well as particles and antiparticles. All particles, whether particles or antiparticles, have gravitation and centrifugal force. This conclusion is scientific and accords with the results provided by quantum mechanics.
From the description of the structure and properties of attractive particles and centrifugal particles, the birth and growth of any substance must meet these conditions:
A) Matter itself has two kinds of matter, namely, Yin and Yang, or positive and negative matter, which are both opposite and unified, and are mutually promoting mechanisms. Namely attraction and repulsion, or attraction and centrifugal force.
B) Both Yin and Yang have matter and antimatter at the same time, and both gravity and repulsion are a mechanism of mutual elimination. Teacher Zhao Zhongyao found that antimatter is an important contribution to human understanding of the objective laws of the universe. Without the relationship between matter and antimatter, the whole universe could not have been born.
C), A and B interact to form the basic law of everything, which is the whole mystery of the universe. The law of the unity of opposites of contradiction comes from this law of particle change. That is to say, the law of unity of opposites, that is, the carrier of the law of yin-yang change and mutual restriction in China's philosophy, is the movement of gravitational particles and centrifugal particles, that is, the movement of gravity and repulsion, which is the universal law of the universe.
1, gravitational and repulsive particles, neither fermions nor bosons, are an existence. Gravity has no gravitons, that is, there are no mesons. Its special existence and its contradictory motion created fermions and bosons, and created the celestial material world. Magnetic monopole particles, which cannot exist alone, are entangled forever, so there is no magnetic charge.
2. Gravity and repulsion are particles with carriers. Gravitation and repulsion exist in all matter, from neutrinos, quarks, neutron protons, atoms and molecules to the South Pole and the North Pole. Both fermions and bosons have attraction and repulsion. Until galaxies, nebulae and planets, all the substances in the universe have attraction and repulsion. Gravity and repulsion are everywhere. The whole celestial material world is a magnetic field. How to quantify such particles?
Electrons are particle quanta that exist alone, so they have charge and current and can be quantified.
3. Gravity and centrifugal force revolve in the universe, showing the breathing law of one breath and one breath, and the collapse of the universe evolves into black holes and singularities, which is the gravitational force at work, that is, the phenomenon of dark matter. The explosion and expansion of the singularity of the universe is caused by centrifugal force (repulsion), which is also the phenomenon of dark energy. This movement of gravitational field and centrifugal force field is the analogy mechanism of big data judgment. In the stage of gravitational field movement, it shows the contradictory movement of attraction and repulsion, and in the stage of centrifugal field movement, it also shows the contradictory movement of attraction and repulsion, which can not show the individual behavior of magnetic monopole. These two big data behaviors cannot be explained as the individual existence of magnetic monopoles. So there is no magnetic monopole.
4. For the reduction of such particles, humans have divided them into molecules, atoms, neutron protons, quarks and neutrinos, but they have not been reduced to the source and will continue to be divided. This division will go beyond the limits of human science. How small are these two particles? Small to infinity. Infinitely small particles can't be found; they exist objectively. How to quantify infinitesimal particles? So it is not quantum, so it cannot be quantized.
Electrons are fermions, particles and quanta, which can be quantified.
5. The carriers of gravity and repulsion are all matter, particles and quantum. The carrier is as big as it is. The carrier is as small as it is. So, it can't be quantum. It is a material property that depends on the quantum of other particles. If it is not quantum, it cannot be quantized. It is impossible to find it by quantization.
And electrons are quantum, so electrons are charged, magnetism is not quantum, and there is no magnetic charge, of course, it cannot be quantified.
6. Without matter, there would be no time and space. The universe does not have a free space in advance, and this space is filled with matter. The space between matter is the living space among matter, attraction and repulsion. When a balance is found between attraction and repulsion, such a gap appears. This space is just like the sun and the earth, the earth and the moon, and it is impossible to shrink or expand. It is this distance, this space, the sun and the earth, the earth and the moon that can maintain a balanced movement. In the middle are gravity and repulsion. Space is a balance mechanism between two objects. Space and time are records and results of contraction and expansion of gravity and centrifugal force.
Gravity and centrifugal force exist when there is no time and space, that is, before the singularity and before the Big Bang. Gravity and centrifugal force have no idea what time and space are. It doesn't have this concept. Gravity and centrifugal force do not need space and time, and the speed of gravity and repulsion is beyond the distance. There is no wave-particle phenomenon and it cannot be quantified.
The electron velocity is the photon velocity, which can be charged and quantized. This is the difference between magnetism and electricity.
7. The force is born in the mutual attraction, collision and transformation of gravity and centrifugal force. In the process of particles becoming bigger and stronger, space appears. It takes time to become bigger and stronger. This is the concept of time. Fermion is a variant of gravity, and boson is a variant of centrifugal force, forming an interactive change of yin and yang. Both fermions and bosons have attraction and repulsion. As particles become bigger and stronger, they need a force to bind them. This is the boson. The interaction between boson and fermion leads to weak force, strong force and electromagnetic force. Bosons only have speed when they appear in space. Gravity has no speed, so it exists at a distance. So gravity is not a boson and cannot be quantified.
8, and these three forces are both gravity and centrifugal force, that is, gravity and repulsion are expressed in different time and space. Electrons are just manifestations of electromagnetic force. In the relationship between magnetism and electricity, magnetism is the parent and electricity is the child. The mixed particles of two magnetic monopoles create the physical world of the universe, which is electricity and electromagnetic field. The universe created by these two kinds of particles is infinite and infinitesimal, showing as a magnetic field, while electrons are just particle quanta. How can they be compared with magnetic pole particles?
Philosophy science and natural science are the two great civilizations of human beings, and there is no distinction between good and bad, both of them are advanced and backward, which support the building of human civilization.
(The relevant information in this article comes from the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)