Statistics from authoritative research institutions show that more than 80% of China's total carbon dioxide emissions come from energy activities. Therefore, reducing carbon emissions from energy activities is an effective way and key link to achieve the goal of "carbon neutrality and peak carbon dioxide emissions" in China.
At present, the energy revolution and the digital revolution are deeply integrated, and digitalization has become an important way and an inevitable choice to achieve high-quality development in the energy field. Countries accelerate the application of digital technologies such as big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence in the energy field, and actively explore feasible paths for digital transformation of energy.
As a concrete application of digital economy in the energy field, energy digital economy will be widely used in all aspects of energy production, consumption, transportation, operation, management, measurement and trading, which will directly or indirectly reduce the carbon emissions generated by energy activities and help China achieve the goal of "peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality".
Zheng yin Guan ting
Energy digital economy is the main way to reduce carbon emissions.
In the process of energy production, digital technologies such as big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things and sensors can improve the efficient collection and extensive interconnection ability of energy production side, and realize the refinement, online and intelligence of energy production process. The wide application of various digital technologies in energy production is a necessary prerequisite for the large-scale consumption of new energy and the underlying foundation for the safe and reliable operation of energy production.
In the book Digitalization and Energy, the International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that through the large-scale application of digital technology, the abandonment rate of solar photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation can be reduced from 7% to 1.6% in 2040, and the carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced by 30 million tons.
Baofeng integrated industrial base of agriculture and light in Yinchuan City, Ningxia is the largest complementary power station of agriculture and light in the world. Baofeng Agro-Optical Integrated Industrial Base has constructed a set of intelligent photovoltaic solutions by actively applying digital technologies and equipment such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing and intelligent sensors, and realized real-time data collection and analysis of power station operation information. From the completion of 20 17 to the end of 2020, the base has reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 2.047 million tons, equivalent to about 89 million new trees planted.
In energy consumption, digital technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence have changed energy consumption patterns, reduced energy demand, promoted the formation of new energy consumption concepts, improved energy use efficiency, enhanced the flexibility of demand-side response, helped traditional consumers in industries, commerce, housing and other fields to change from simple "energy consumers" to "energy producers and consumers", and finally reduced the total amount and intensity of energy consumption in various direct or indirect ways.
BP Technology Outlook (Version 20 18) once predicted that energy efficiency would be greatly improved and primary energy consumption could be saved by 40% through technological changes. The report further pointed out that in all possible technological revolutions in the future, whether it is oil and gas, renewable energy, hydrogen energy or nuclear energy, it is inseparable from the impact of digitalization. The report predicts that by 2050, the application of digital tools such as sensors, supercomputers, data analysis, automation and artificial intelligence based on cloud computing can reduce the global primary energy demand and cost by 20%-30%.
In the energy transmission link, whether it is to adapt to the large-scale and high-proportion grid connection of new energy, or the interaction of distributed energy, energy storage and electric vehicles, and the extensive access of mobile facilities, digital technology is needed to empower energy transmission and promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional power grids into a safer, smarter and more friendly energy Internet as soon as possible.
UHV is the key to the construction of energy Internet, and various digital technologies are behind the scenes to support the smooth progress of China UHV project. According to the data of the Global Energy Internet Development Cooperation Organization, relying on the UHV power grid, the installed share of clean energy in China has increased from 25% in 20 10 to 43% at present, and carbon dioxide1500 million tons has been reduced every year.
In energy operation, digital technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence and Internet of Things, as well as new IT architecture models such as data centers and business centers, can optimize decision-making processes, improve decision-making efficiency, shorten decision-making time and reduce the investment of traditional production factors.
Nengtong Express is the largest third-party charging platform in China. Through big data and precise algorithm, Nenglian Express can guide new energy owners to the best charging station, improve the efficiency of charging piles, reduce or even replace the actual flow of traditional production factors such as people and cars through the combination of "big data+algorithm", and realize the "less running" of other factors with "more running" of "data+algorithm". Only in 2020, the energy connection express line will help reduce carbon emissions by 6.5438+0.8 million tons.
In terms of energy management, digital technologies such as industrial internet and cloud computing have supported the emergence of new formats of energy digital economy such as platform economy and enjoyment economy, and promoted the formation of new energy development and utilization modes such as contract energy management, third-party pollution control, environmental trusteeship and virtual power plant. To realize the reorganization of energy utilization mode, the reconstruction of energy business mode and the optimization of energy allocation mode, and improve the refined level of energy management and the overall efficiency of energy utilization.
Lianyuan Intelligent is an industrial Internet SaaS platform provider in the energy field, and is committed to providing overall energy efficiency solutions for high-energy B-end users such as industry, commerce, data centers and buildings. Lianyuan Intelligent helps a leading thermoelectric enterprise in Shanghai to develop smart energy services, reducing carbon emissions by 44,200 tons and energy consumption by10.7 million tons of standard coal annually.
In terms of energy measurement, digital technologies such as big data, cloud computing, blockchain, data crawler and digital pairing can play an important role in carbon emission source locking, carbon emission data analysis, carbon emission supervision and prediction and early warning, monitor the whole process of carbon emission in real time, support regulatory agencies to build a complete carbon emission monitoring system and serve the modernization of national governance.
On the power generation side and power grid side, Zhejiang Energy Big Data Center has successfully developed a power system carbon emission monitoring platform, which is used to monitor the carbon dioxide emissions of power generation and power grid enterprises in Zhejiang Province, and can provide accurate decision-making basis for power generation enterprises and power grid enterprises to control and manage the carbon emissions of power plants, units and equipment; On the demand side, China Southern Power Grid Corporation took the lead in building a carbon emission monitoring platform on the energy consumption side in China, which can realize the calculation and dynamic monitoring of the total carbon emission and carbon emission intensity per unit GDP of all regions, industries and even enterprises within the business scope of China Southern Power Grid Corporation, help the government and relevant parties to know the carbon emission situation of enterprises and the development process of carbon neutrality in time, and provide reference for formulating relevant policies.
In terms of energy trading, digital technologies such as big data, blockchain, artificial intelligence and cloud computing can support the construction of digital trading platforms and promote the construction and improvement of related systems and mechanisms such as carbon asset management, carbon trading, carbon tax collection, green certificate trading and green finance.
Based on the above analysis, the energy digital economy will surely play a key role in achieving the goal of "peak carbon dioxide emission and carbon neutrality" in China.
Three measures to develop energy digital economy
First, focus on breaking through data barriers and promoting the convergence and integration of energy big data. At present, because China has not yet formulated a unified national energy big data management standard, the development and utilization of energy big data still lacks a sound and standardized legal system, energy companies have insufficient motivation and imperfect mechanisms to actively open their own data, and the integration and financing of energy big data in China is still in its infancy. The next step is to formulate data management standards and legal norms for the energy industry, improve the data exchange and sharing mechanism among energy enterprises, strive to break through the energy data barrier, and give full play to and release the great value of energy big data.
The second is to build an intelligent, intelligent and comprehensive energy resource allocation platform. Integrate digital technologies such as big data, cloud computing and Internet of Things with new energy services, accelerate the construction of energy management cloud platform, and provide power generation enterprises and customers with one-stop services including project grid connection, operation and maintenance, transaction and settlement. Accelerate the construction of the energy Internet of Things with electricity as the center and power grid as the platform. Actively build an energy Internet ecosystem, lay out energy industry chain, innovation chain, supply chain and value chain, and realize the optimal allocation of energy resources in a wider scope.
The third is to improve the electricity market and carbon emissions trading market system. Faced with more business opportunities and challenges brought by market-oriented transactions, the demand of industrial, commercial and residential users on the energy consumption side for mining data value will increase significantly. By improving the relevant mechanisms of electricity market and carbon emission trading market and building a unified national electricity market and carbon emission trading market, China will be able to make full use of the differences in carbon emission reduction costs of different regions, industries and enterprises and achieve the expected carbon emission reduction targets at the lowest economic cost.
(The authors all work for State Grid Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd.)