1, information technology financial institutions
The so-called information technology financial institutions, refers to the adoption of information technology, the traditional operation process transformation or reconstruction, to achieve the operation and management of the overall electronic financial institutions such as banks, securities and insurance. Financial informatization is one of the development trends of the financial industry, while information-based financial institutions are the product of financial innovation. From the perspective of the financial industry as a whole, the bank's information technology construction has been in the industry's leading level, not only has the international leading financial information technology platform, built by the self-service banking, telephone banking, cell phone banking and Internet banking constitutes the three-dimensional service system of e-banking, but also the information technology of the masterpiece - data centralization project in the industry The company is also a leader in the industry with the data centralization project, which is a major step in information technology.
At present, some banks are building their own e-commerce platforms, and from the bank's perspective, the core value of e-commerce is to increase user stickiness and accumulate real and credible user data, so that the bank can rely on its own data to explore user needs. CCB has launched "Sunrong Business", and CBI has launched "Jiaobo Hui" and other financial service platforms, all of which are powerful manifestations of bank informatization. ICBC's e-commerce platform is also expected to be online around New Year's Day 2014, as no Internet gene banks flock to promote e-commerce platform, what is the purpose?
From the business model, the traditional bank loans are process-oriented, fixed, banks from the perspective of cost savings and risk control is more inclined to target large institutions for service, through information technology, can alleviate or even solve the problem of asymmetric information, for the bank and small and medium-sized enterprises to build a platform for direct cooperation, enhance the function of the financial institutions to serve the real economy. But more importantly, the bank through the construction of e-commerce platform, actively open up the bank's various departments of the data silo, the formation of a "net banking + financial supermarket + e-commerce" of the trinity of the Internet platform, in order to cope with the wave of the Internet financial and challenges.
Informatization of financial institutions from another very intuitive point of view to understand, is through the information technology of financial institutions, so that we do not have to run to the bank to remit money, speculative stocks do not have to go to the business hall, the phone or the Internet can buy insurance, although this is a life that we have taken for granted, but these are financial institutions built on the basis of the development of Internet technology and information technology transformation brought about by the Convenience. In the future, the traditional financial institutions in the era of Internet finance, more, how to faster and better make full use of the Internet and other information technology, and relying on their own strong financial strength, high brand trust, talent focus, perfect risk control system and other advantages, as a category of the Internet financial model to deal with the impact of non-traditional financial institutions to bring, especially the impact of the thinking, speed.
2, third-party payment
According to the central bank in 2010 in the "non-financial institutions payment services management approach" in the definition of non-financial institutions payment services, third-party payment in a broad sense refers to non-financial institutions as a payee, payer payment intermediary provided by the network payment, prepaid cards, bank card acquiring, and the People's Bank of China to determine the other payment services. Third-party payment has not only limited to the initial Internet payment, but has become a comprehensive online and offline coverage, application scenarios are more rich in comprehensive payment tools.
From the point of view of development path and user accumulation, the operation mode of third-party payment companies in the market can be categorized into two main types:
One type is the independent third-party payment mode, which means that the third-party payment platform is completely independent of e-commerce websites, and does not bear the function of guaranteeing the payment, and only provides users with payment products and payment system solutions, typified by Fast Money, Ebay, Huipay, Lakala, and so on.
The other type is to Alipay, Paypal, relying on its own B2C, C2C e-commerce site to provide a guarantee function of the third-party payment model. The payment is temporarily hosted by the platform and the platform notifies the seller of the arrival of the payment and delivery; in this type of payment mode, the buyer purchases goods on the e-commerce site, uses the account provided by the third-party platform to make payment for the goods, and after the buyer inspects the goods and confirms them, he can notify the platform of the payment to the seller, and at this time, the third-party payment platform then transfers the payment to the seller's account.
3, big data finance
Big data finance refers to the collection of massive unstructured data, through its real-time analysis, can provide Internet financial institutions with a full range of customer information, through the analysis and mining of customer transactions and consumption information to master the customer's consumption habits, and accurately predict customer behavior, so that financial institutions and financial services platforms in the marketing and wind control The company's products and services are also available in a wide range of languages.
The financial service platform based on big data mainly refers to the financial services carried out by e-commerce enterprises with massive data. The key to big data is the ability to quickly obtain useful information from a large amount of data, or the ability to quickly cash in on big data assets, so the information processing of big data is often based on cloud computing. At present, the operation mode of the big data service platform can be divided into the platform mode represented by Ali microfinance and the supply chain finance mode represented by Jingdong and Suning.
Ali micro-credit to "closed process + big data" way to carry out financial services, by virtue of the electronic system of the credit status of the borrower to approve the issuance of unsecured credit loans and accounts receivable mortgage loans, the amount of a single within 50,000 yuan, and the bank's credit to form a very good complementary. The supply chain financial model of Jingdong Mall and Suning is to take the e-commerce company as the core enterprise, use the cash flow of future earnings as the guarantee, obtain bank credit and provide loans for suppliers.
The big data financial model is widely used in e-commerce platforms to finance loans to platform users and suppliers, from which the interest on the loan and the corporate revenue from the smooth supply chain. With the improvement of big data finance, enterprises will pay more attention to the user's personal experience and personalized financial product design. In the future, the competition among big data financial enterprises will exist in the scope of data collection, identification of data authenticity, as well as data analysis and personalized services.
4, crowdfunding
Crowdfunding is broadly defined as mass funding or crowd funding, which refers to the mode of raising project funds from netizens in the form of group purchasing + pre-purchasing. The intended crowdfunding is to utilize the characteristics of the Internet and SNS communication, so that entrepreneurial enterprises, artists or individuals to the public to show their creativity and projects, to strive for everyone's attention and support, and then obtain the required financial assistance.
Crowdfunding platforms operate in much the same way - individuals or teams in need of funding hand over their project plans to the crowdfunding platform, and after relevant audits, they can set up their own pages on the platform's website, which are used to introduce their projects to the public. There are three rules of crowdfunding: one is that each project must set a funding goal and the number of days to raise funds; the second is that within a set number of days, to reach the target amount of success, the initiator can get the funds; the project funding failed to get all the funds back to the supporters; the third is that crowdfunding is not a donation, and all the supporters must be equipped with the corresponding return. Crowdfunding platform will take a certain percentage of service fees from the successful fundraising projects.
Previously, some people have predicted that crowdfunding mode will become another channel for enterprise financing, and will provide another solution for the current situation that IPO gates are closed and the road of enterprise listing and financing is getting more and more difficult to provide another solution, i.e., raising funds through crowdfunding mode. However, from the point of view of the actual crowdfunding platform in China, because of the limitations on the number of shareholders and the provisions of public fundraising, there are more innovative product pre-sale and market promotion platforms in China, represented by "Name Time", and there are also "Amoy Dream Network" and "Dream Chasing Network", The dream realization platforms for creative projects in humanities, film and television, music and publishing, as well as some micro public welfare fundraising platforms, are also represented by the "Dream Chasing Network".
Internet knowledge-based community pilot - Luo Zhenyu, as the main speaker of the self-media video talk show "Luo Zhusi", its August 9, 2013, 5,000 200 yuan / person two-year membership account, sold out in six hours, also called one of the success stories of crowdfunding model, but it is difficult to have some replicability.
Since the middle of 2013, a number of entrepreneurial service platforms for seed and angel stage, represented by Venture Capital Circle and Angels Gateway, have entered people's view with a "crowdfunding" model, which has well taken over the understanding of crowdfunding's original intent, but because of the difficulty in judging the merits of projects and the extreme uncertainty of the returns, it has only stayed in the crowdfunding mode for the time being. However, because of the difficulty of judging the merits of the projects and the great uncertainty of the return rate, it only stays in a small number of angel investors, investment organizations and a few people who invest for fun, and the amount involved is relatively small.
Crowdfunding is still in a relatively quiet stage compared with the lively P2P. At present, the domestic regulations on public fund-raising and especially easy to step on the red line of illegal fund-raising makes crowdfunding equity system in the country's slow development, it is difficult to make it bigger and stronger in the country, and in the short term, the impact on the financial industry and corporate finance is very limited. From the viewpoint of industry development, the development of crowdfunding websites should avoid the situation that group-buying websites showed a swarm of rise and a large area of fall due to the uniformity in operation mode and content. This requires crowdfunding site operations reflect their own differentiation, highlighting their own vertical characteristics.
5, Internet financial portal
Internet financial portal refers to the use of the Internet for the sale of financial products and financial product sales to provide third-party service platform. Its core is the "search + price comparison" model, the use of financial products, vertical comparison of financial products, the products of various financial institutions on the platform, the user selects the appropriate financial products through comparison. The diversified and innovative development of Internet financial portals has resulted in the formation of third-party financial institutions that provide high-end financial investment services and financial products, as well as insurance portals that provide insurance product consulting, price comparison and purchase services.
This model does not have too much policy risk, because its platform is neither responsible for the actual sale of financial products nor bear any adverse risks, while the funds do not pass through the intermediary platform at all. Currently in the field of Internet financial portals for credit, wealth management, insurance, P2P and other segments of the distribution of Rong360, 91 financial supermarkets, good loan network, silver rate network, on the grid financial management, big boy network, the home of the network lending and so on.
The biggest value of the Internet financial portal lies in its channel value. Internet finance has diverted customers from the banking, trust and insurance industries and intensified the competition in the above industries. With the gradual arrival of interest rate marketization, with the advent of the Internet finance era, for the demand side of the funds, as long as it can be within a certain period of time, within the acceptable cost range, the specific money is from ICBC or not, CCB or not, or P2P platform or small loan companies, or trust funds, private debt, etc., is no longer so important.
6, P2P network lending platform
P2P (Peer-to-Peerlending), that is, peer-to-peer credit. P2P network lending refers to the third-party Internet platform for the matching of funds borrowing and lending parties, the need to borrow the crowd can be found through the website platform with the ability to lend and are willing to lend based on certain conditions of the crowd to help the lender through and with other lenders. Lenders spread the risk by sharing a borrowing amount with other lenders, and also help borrowers choose attractive interest rate terms with sufficient comparative information.
P2P platforms are primarily monetized by charging one-time fees from borrowers as well as valuation and administrative fees from investors. The interest rates for loans are determined either by lenders bidding for them or by the platforms providing reference rates based on the creditworthiness of the borrower and the level of interest rates offered by banks.
By no entry threshold, no industry standards, no institutional supervision, there is no concept of P2P lending in the strict sense of the definition of its mode of operation has not been fully finalized. At present, the following modes of operation have emerged:
One is the purely online mode, the typical platforms of this type of mode are PaiPaiLi, HCL, RenRen (part of the business), etc., which are characterized by the capital lending and borrowing activities are carried out through the online, without combining the offline audit. Usually the measures taken by these businesses to audit the qualifications of borrowers are through video authentication, checking bank statements, identity authentication and so on.
The second is the combination of online and offline model, this type of model is represented by Yilong Loan. After a borrower submits a loan application online, the platform adopts a household survey through agents in the city where the borrower is located to review the borrower's creditworthiness, repayment ability and other circumstances.
The third, represented by Yixin's debt transfer model is still in question, this model is the company as an intermediary to the borrower screening, lending in the name of an individual and then transferring the debt to financial investors.
From the point of view of the characteristics of P2P, it reduces the degree of information asymmetry in the market to a certain extent, and will play a certain role in promoting the marketization of interest rates. Due to its low participation threshold and low channel cost, it has expanded the financing channels of the society to a certain extent. But from the current point of view, P2P lending is temporarily difficult to shake the bank's dominant position in the field of credit, can not cause a fundamental impact on the bank.
P2P mainly for small and micro enterprises and ordinary individual users, these are mostly banks "abandoned" customers, relatively poor credit, relatively low loan amount, insufficient collateral, and because the central bank's personal credit system is not open to the P2P enterprises, resulting in low efficiency of P2P lending, The customer single contribution rate is small, as well as the approval of the low probability of the status quo, and a lot of off-site credit loans, because of the high cost of credit review and collection costs, many P2P platforms have been high rates of bad debt.
P2P lending platform is still in the cultivation period, the user cognitive degree is insufficient, the wind control system is not sound, is the main obstacle to the development of the P2P industry. A small number of platforms run away from the information has also brought bad influence to the industry, most of them are holding the mentality of fishing and running away, relying on high return rate to cheat investors' money in the platform on-line not long time, and very few of them are closed down because of the real mismanagement. Therefore, not because of the bad behavior of a few black sheep to completely deny an industry, but to gradually establish the record system and the related capital supervision at the same time, increase the behavior of the real illegal fraud to crack down.