Shantou city was an alluvial land along the Chaoshan coast in ancient times. Villages have been formed in the Song Dynasty, belonging to Jieyang County. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, due to the war, hundreds of thousands of Minnan people migrated from Putian to Chaoshan. In the late Tang Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and the harsh coastal relocation of the Qing Dynasty, Putian people migrated to Chaoshan in succession. The reason for the migration was that Putian was overpopulated and fled the war caused by foreign invasion, which was the largest in the late Southern Song Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a big fishing village called Xia Ling in the photochemical department. Pengzhou Shouqian households were set up in the early Ming Dynasty, and Chenghai was subordinate to Chenghai when it was set up in Jiajing period. Because the sand ridge extends to the sea, people set fences to fish, which is called the sand hill. Shashantou Fort was built in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. The Yongzheng period was referred to as Shantou for short. 1860 (Xianfeng decade) is open to the outside world. Engels, the revolutionary mentor, once paid attention to Shantou, saying that Shantou was the only one outside the five-port trade in China at that time.

Shantou scenery (20 songs) has some commercial significance "(see line 4, page 38, Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume II). Shantou Municipal Bureau was established in the winter of 19 19. 192 1 July, the city hall was established and separated from Chenghai. Founded in 1930, it belongs to Guangdong provincial government. After liberation, Shantou Municipal People's Government was established on March 5, 1950. 198 1 year, with the approval of the State Council, set up a special economic zone in Longhu area of our city as a pilot. 1 983 65438+on February 22nd, the system of city governing counties was implemented, Shantou area was abolished,1city, and eight counties belonging to the original area were merged into Shantou city. 1984 1 1 With the approval of the State Council, Shantou Special Economic Zone has expanded to 52.6 square kilometers, divided into Longhu and Guang 'ao. 199 1 In April, the State Council approved the expansion of Shantou Special Economic Zone to the whole urban area of Shantou, covering an area of 234 square kilometers, and it was determined to be formally implemented in June 1 1. In June of the same year 165438+ 10, the administrative region of Shantou was adjusted, and Chaozhou and Jieyang were designated as prefecture-level cities.

The development of history

Chaozhou has a long history and is one of the second batch of famous historical and cultural cities in China announced by the State Council. Archaeological data confirm that Chaozhou was inhabited by humans at least 5000 years ago. In ancient times, the ancestors of the indigenous She nationality created oral literature-She nationality songs. Chaozhou people's ancestors belonged to the ancient Min and Yue ethnic group. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, most descendants of the Han nationality in the Central Plains moved from Putian in southern Fujian to Chaozhou. In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), South Vietnam was pacified; Xiang County, Guilin County and Nanhai County were established, belonging to Nanhai County, and were first included in the territory. But at this time, there are few Han people in Chaoshan area in the Tang Dynasty today, and the number of Han people has increased rapidly since the late Tang Dynasty. Ding Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty (before 1 1 1) belonged to Jieyang County, Nanhai County. The earliest organizational system of Chaozhou began in the sixth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (33 1), and was located in Dongguan County in the east of Nanhai County, in the ninth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (4 13). This Ian is the predecessor of Chaozhou dialect. The name Yi 'an County has been used for 260 years. In the 10th year of Emperor Wendi (590), the whole country withdrew counties and set up states. Yi 'an County belongs to Yi 'an County and follows the state. In 2003, Yi 'an County was upgraded to a state. Because it is close to the South China Sea, it was named "Chaoshan", and Yi 'an County is governed by the state. Later generations also have a poem: "Chaozhou, the sea is in the south." The official appearance of the name "Chaozhou" began at this time. 1400 years later, this name has basically been used. Taiping road

In the third year of Emperor Yangdi's great cause (607), Zhou County was restored, and Chaozhou was once changed to Chaoyang County. In the fourth year of Tang Wude (62 1), Chaozhou was called for the second time. During the Tang Dynasty, Chaozhou had a vast territory. It can be said that Quanzhou in the east, Jiangxi in the north, the sea in the south and Huizhou in the west. In the second year of the Tang Dynasty (AD 686), from Chaozhou to Quanzhou, a part was cut out and Zhangzhou was established. Now, Chaozhou dialect can be used in Zhangzhou, and Xiao Yun, Zhao 'an, Dongshan, Zhangpu, Pinghe and other counties and cities under the jurisdiction of Zhangzhou have Chaozhou opera troupes to perform Chaozhou opera. It can be seen that the historical origins of the two places are linked together. As a result, Chaozhou in the Tang Dynasty once bordered Fuzhou in Fujian and Qianzhou in Jiangxi. One source of Hanjiang River is in Xinluo County, Tingzhou (now Changting County, Longyan City), and the other source is in Xingning County, Zhou Xun (now Zijin County, now Xingning County belongs to Meizhou). It is conceivable that Han Yu's "Hanjiang River" at that time was entirely the region of hipsters except Tingzhou and Zhou Xun. In the first year of Tang Tianbao (742), it was renamed Chaoyang County. In the third year of Tang Tianbao, Chaozhou returned to Lingnan (central Fujian), and in the first year of Gan Tang (758), Chaozhou was restored. In the Yuan Dynasty, Chaozhou was called Chaozhou Road. In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), it changed its course and built a government system, which was called Chaozhou House. The six years of worshipping the frame is the widest year in the counties under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou, including Haiyang, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping, Huilai, Chenghai, Puning, Pingyuan, Chengxiang, Tai Po and Zhenping * * *1. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, with the war, frontier defense, exile and national migration, a large number of Han people from the Central Plains came to the south, bringing advanced Central Plains culture. After several generations of Song and Ming Dynasties, humanities gradually flourished and celebrities came forth in large numbers. The Korean army is called "Zou Lu by the Sea". At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, hundreds of thousands of Putian people from southern Fujian immigrated to Shantou, Chaozhou, to see the origin of Putian in Chaoshan. Putian immigrants, from the language point of view, Chaozhou dialect is different from Puxian dialect today. The reason is that Putian people who stayed in Putian continued to be influenced by Fuzhou provincial capital dialect, and the original dialect-Minnan dialect was influenced by Fujian Oriental dialect, and Puxian dialect became a mixed transitional Minnan dialect with Minnan language foundation and eastern Fujian color. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the concept of Chaozhou had been basically finalized, and chaozhou people's understanding of Chaozhou at home and abroad was basically finalized on this basis. At this time, Chaozhou has jurisdiction over nine counties: Chaoan (Haiyang) County, Chaoyang County, Jieyang County, Huilai County, Puning County, Chenghai County, Raoping County, Fengshun County, dapu county, Shantou Port and Nan 'ao Island. These nine counties also have Shantou and Nan 'ao people, collectively known as chaozhou people in history. The definition of chaozhou people appellation is based on the above-mentioned nine counties, Shantou and South Australia. Later, Fengshun and Tai Po were also excluded, but some historical celebrities in modern history, such as Fengshun's Ding Richang, still used to treat him as a hipster. At the beginning of the 20th century, Shantou Port gradually became a coastal town under Chaozhou Prefecture, with developed industry and commerce, and rose to become a new port connecting Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Shanghai and overseas. 1904, Zhang Yunan, a native of Songkou, Meixian County, saw the great development potential here, so he set up Chaoshan Railway Co., Ltd. to build a railway from the location of Chaozhou House to Shantou Port. 1906, the Chaoshan line railway was completed, and at the same time, it was equipped with the front of the "Chaoshan" locomotive to receive the car. So there is a new term "Chaoshan". 1907 On May 22nd, the Chaozhou Huanggang Uprising led by Xu Xueqiu appointed by Sun Yat-sen and He Ziyuan, the main ally of Jiaying House, broke out and was defeated on 6th due to being outnumbered. On the afternoon of the 27th, the Rebel announced its dissolution, and Commander-in-Chief Chen Yongbo and Yu were forced to avoid Hong Kong. This armed uprising was of great significance, but at that time, Nanyang Daily accused Sun Yat-sen of colluding with Chaoshan society and instigating Huanggang Uprising. The name "Chaoshan" is gradually widely known in newspapers. The land "Chaoshan" has gradually attracted the attention of the outside world. 192 1 year later, Shantou established a city hall under the leadership of the Guangdong provincial government, which became another regional highlight in eastern Guangdong after Chaozhou. By 1949, the territory of Chaozhou was still relatively large, including Shantou and Jieyang. From the jurisdiction, it also includes Meizhou and Shanwei. The second large-scale territorial adjustment after the liberation of China produced two concepts, one in a broad sense and the other in a narrow sense. Chaozhou in a broad sense, that is, Chaozhou in history, has a history of several thousand years, mainly including Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang and Fengshun. * * * and living habits, * * and folk customs, * * and cultural background, * * and language environment, * * and value orientation, * * and chaozhou people. (The broad concept of Chaozhou includes the narrow concept of Chaozhou ethnic group, which refers to people who speak Chaozhou dialect in Shantou, Chaozhou, Jieyang and Fengshun counties. In addition, people who speak Huilai Chaozhou dialect in Jiazi Town, Jiadong Town and Jiaxi Town of Lufeng City belong to the concept of Chaoshan people in a broad sense, not the concept of chaozhou people in a narrow sense. ) Chaozhou was upgraded to the former sub-prefecture level city in 19 10+02. As a prefecture-level city, Chaozhou now governs Chaoan County, Raoping County, Xiangqiao District and Fengxi District. Xiangqiao District is also called Fucheng and Chaozhou. However, whether at home or overseas, the concept of Chaozhou still tends to be broad, even broad. It can be seen that history is constantly blocked and irreplaceable. Now Chaozhou has become one of the three prefecture-level cities in Chaoshan area, and local people pay more attention to separating Chaoshan from Chaozhou. For example, "Chaozhou dialect" and "Kung Fu tea" do not say "Chaozhou", which is unfair in academic sense. However, overseas hipsters still like to call themselves chaozhou people, and the overseas hipster club is also called "Chaozhou Club", which is probably a continuation of the customary address.