1. Comprehensive credit refers to the credit line granted by the bank to some enterprises with good operating conditions and reliable credit for a certain period, which can be recycled within the validity period and scope of the credit line. The comprehensive credit line shall be declared by the enterprise at one time and approved by the bank at one time. Enterprises can use this money by stages according to their own business conditions, and enterprise loans are very convenient, saving financing costs. Banks provide loans in this way, generally for enterprises with industrial and commercial registration, qualified annual inspection, good management, reliable reputation and long-term cooperative relations with banks.
2. Credit guarantee loan At present, there are 3 1 provinces and cities in China, and more than 0/00 cities have established credit guarantee institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises. Most of these institutions implement the form of membership management, belonging to public service, industry self-discipline and their own non-profit organizations. The sources of security funds are generally composed of financial allocations from local governments, member funds voluntarily paid by members, funds raised by the society and funds from commercial banks. When a member enterprise borrows money from a bank, it can be guaranteed by a small and medium-sized enterprise guarantee institution. In addition, SMEs can also seek guarantee services from guarantee companies specializing in intermediary services. When the enterprise cannot provide the guarantee measures acceptable to the bank, such as mortgage, pledge or third-party credit guarantor, the guarantee company can solve these problems. Because compared with banks, guarantee companies have more flexible requirements for collateral. Of course, in order to protect their own interests, guarantee companies often require enterprises to provide counter-guarantee measures, and sometimes guarantee companies will send personnel to enterprises to monitor the flow of funds.
3. Buyer's Loan If an enterprise has a reliable market for its products, but its own capital is insufficient and its financial management foundation is poor, and it is difficult to provide collateral or seek third-party guarantee, the bank can provide loan support to the buyer of its products according to the sales contract. The seller can charge a certain proportion of advance payment to the buyer to solve the financial difficulties in the production process. Or the buyer issues a bank acceptance bill, and the seller takes the bill to the bank for discount.
4. Cooperative loans in different places Some small and medium-sized enterprises widely sell their products, or provide supporting parts for some large enterprises, or are loose subsidiaries of enterprise groups. In the process of producing cooperative products, it is necessary to supplement production funds. You can seek a lead bank to provide loans to the group company, and then the group company will provide the necessary funds to the cooperative enterprise, and the local bank will cooperate with the contract supervision. It can also be jointly provided by the lead bank and the cooperative enterprise's foreign banks to provide loans separately.
5. Project Development Loans Some high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises can apply for project development loans from banks if they have major scientific and technological achievements transformation projects and the initial investment amount is large, which is unbearable for their own capital. Commercial banks will give active credit support to small and medium-sized enterprises with high-tech products or patent projects with mature technology and good market prospects, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises that use high-tech achievements for technological transformation, so as to promote enterprises to accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. For high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises that have established stable project development relations with universities and scientific research institutions or have their own research departments, banks can provide project development loans in addition to working capital loans.
6. Loans for earning foreign exchange through export For enterprises that produce export products, banks can provide a package of loans according to export contracts or credit visas provided by importers. Enterprises with cash accounts can provide foreign exchange mortgage loans. Enterprises with foreign exchange income sources can obtain RMB loans with proof of foreign exchange settlement. Enterprises with good export prospects can also borrow a certain amount of technical transformation loans. 7. Natural Person Guaranteed Loan In August 2002, China Industrial and Commercial Bank took the lead in launching the natural person guaranteed loan business. In the future, when domestic institutions of ICBC handle the credit business of small and medium-sized enterprises with a term of less than 3 years, natural persons can provide property guarantee and bear the liability for compensation. Natural person guarantee can take three ways: mortgage, pledge of rights and mortgage plus guarantee. Property that can be mortgaged includes personal property, land use right and means of transportation. Personal property that can be pledged includes savings deposit certificates, voucher-type treasury bonds and registered financial bonds. Mortgage plus guarantee refers to the joint liability guarantee of the mortgagor on the basis of property mortgage. If the borrower fails to repay all the principal and interest of the loan on schedule or commits other breach of contract, the bank will require the guarantor to fulfill the guarantee obligation. 8. Personal entrusted loans Commercial banks such as China Construction Bank, Minsheng Bank and CITIC Industrial Bank have successively launched a new type of financing business-personal entrusted loans. That is, a loan that is entrusted by an individual to provide funds and issued, supervised, used and assisted by a commercial bank according to the loan object, purpose, amount, term and interest rate determined by the client. The basic process of handling personal entrusted loans is: 1. The client applied for a loan from the bank. 2. The bank selects and matches according to the conditions and requirements of both parties, and recommends them to the entrusting party and the borrower respectively. 3. The client and the borrower meet directly to negotiate and make decisions on specific matters and details such as loan amount, interest rate, loan term and repayment method. 4. After the borrower and lender negotiate the requirements, they go to the bank together and sign the entrustment agreement with the bank respectively. 5. The bank investigates the borrower's credit status and repayment ability and issues an investigation report, then the borrower and the borrower sign a loan contract, and the loan is issued after the approval of the bank.
9. Intangible assets secured loan According to the relevant provisions of the Guarantee Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), intangible assets such as trademark exclusive right, patent right and property right in copyright that can be transferred according to law can be used as loan collateral.
10. Bill discount financing means that the holder transfers the commercial bill to the bank and obtains the funds after deducting the discount interest. In China, commercial paper mainly refers to bank acceptance bills and commercial acceptance bills. One of the advantages of this financing method is that banks do not lend according to the asset size of enterprises, but according to market conditions (sales contracts). When an enterprise receives a bill, it usually takes as little as tens of days and as much as 300 days to cash it, during which time the funds are idle. If enterprises can make full use of bill discount financing, it is much simpler than applying for loans, and the financing cost is very low. Discounting bills can only be completed by taking the corresponding bills to the bank for relevant procedures, which can generally be completed within three working days. For enterprises, this is "using tomorrow's money to earn the money the day after tomorrow", which is worthy of being widely and actively used by small and medium-sized enterprises.
1 1. financial leasing financial leasing has become the second largest financing method in equipment investment in developed countries after bank credit. Financial leasing is a new financing method integrating credit, trade and leasing, which is characterized by the separation of ownership and use right of the leased property. After equipment users take a fancy to a certain equipment, they can entrust a financial leasing company to buy it, and then deliver the equipment to the enterprise in the form of leasing. When the enterprise pays the rent within the contract period, it will eventually have the ownership of the equipment. Through financial leasing, enterprises can obtain the required advanced technology and equipment with a small amount of funds, and can repay the rent while producing. For enterprises lacking funds, financial leasing is a good way to accelerate investment and expand production. For some enterprises with overstocked products, financial leasing is a good means to promote sales and expand the market.
12. Pawn financing Pawn is a financing method to obtain temporary loans in the form of physical transfer of ownership. Compared with bank loans, pawn loans have high cost and small loan scale, but pawn also has incomparable advantages over bank loans. First of all, compared with the bank's almost harsh requirements for borrowers' credit conditions, pawnshops have almost zero credit requirements for customers, and pawnshops only pay attention to whether the pawned items are genuine. Moreover, general commercial banks only pledge real estate, while pawn shops can pledge both movable property and real estate. Secondly, the starting point of pawn items in pawn shops is low, and items of 1000 yuan and 100 yuan can be pawned. Contrary to banks, pawn shops pay more attention to serving individual customers and small and medium-sized enterprises. Third, compared with the complicated procedures and long approval cycle of bank loans, the procedures of pawn loans are very simple, and most of them are desirable. Even mortgage loans are much more convenient than banks. Fourth, when a customer borrows money from a bank, the purpose of the loan cannot exceed the scope stipulated by the bank. On the other hand, the pawnshop will not ask about the purpose of the loan, and the money can be used freely. Repeatedly, the utilization rate of funds has been greatly improved.
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