Pledged loan type
hypothecated loan
Pledged loan refers to a kind of credit business in which the borrower obtains a certain amount of loan from the lending bank and repays the loan principal and interest on schedule with the unexpired personal time deposit certificate in local and foreign currencies issued by the lending bank (some banks also mortgage the deposit certificate issued by other financial institutions that have signed a guarantee commitment agreement with the bank). As the most widely used pledged loan at present, pledged loan refers to a loan business that takes the customer's unexpired time deposit certificate as the pledge, obtains a certain amount of RMB loan from the bank, and repays the loan principal and interest on schedule. Pledged loan is the loan method with the lowest interest rate, the simplest procedure and the fastest processing speed. Pledged loans seem simple, but there are also skills to make the best use of them. Judging from the characteristics of such loans, we must pay attention to the following three aspects in the flexible use of pledged loans. Loan or not: As the certificate of deposit can be used to withdraw cash in advance, there is a choice of "withdrawing the certificate of deposit in advance or using pledge loan". To judge whether a loan is needed, we need to comprehensively consider three factors: the length of time the deposit certificate has been deposited, the deposit interest rate and the loan interest rate, and make a rough calculation according to the following formula to see whether it is cost-effective to withdraw the deposit in advance or the loan. Interest overpaid by loan = loan amount × loan interest rate × loan term-deposit amount × deposit interest rate × loss of early withdrawal = deposit amount × deposit interest rate × deposit term-deposit amount × deposit interest rate × deposit term When the interest overpaid by loan is greater than the loss of early withdrawal, the deposit will be withdrawn in advance; When the interest paid by the loan is less than the loss of early withdrawal, the pledged loan will be handled. In addition, as an ancient loan variety, the function of pledge loan is constantly optimized, and many banks grant the credit function of pledge loan. As long as the borrower pledges the certificate of deposit to the bank, the bank will set the maximum personal credit limit according to certain standards. Borrowers can withdraw loans within the credit limit and time limit, just like withdrawing money from a passbook, which can be used endlessly, eliminating the cumbersome procedures for handling each loan application. But also can be used at any time and returned at any time, thus saving interest expenses. For how long? Generally speaking, the term of hypothecated loan should not exceed the maturity date of pledged certificates of deposit, and the longest term should not exceed one year. If multiple certificates of deposit are pledged, the loan term shall be determined by the time of the certificate of deposit closest to the maturity date. At present, the benchmark interest rates of bank loans for half a year and one year are different (most banks implement the benchmark interest rate of pledged loans), and the loans of 6,543,800 yuan are 5.40% and 5.85% respectively, and the interest rates for one year and half a year are different from those in 450 yuan. Therefore, it is suggested that the borrower control the loan period within half a year; Even if the loan term must be one year, it is suggested to divide the loan into two half-year periods (but according to the bank's "repay the loan first" regulation, there should be temporary working capital to repay the loan when the first loan expires, and then renew the loan). In this way, although the stamp duty is paid a few yuan more, it can save more loan interest expenses. The loan amount directly affects the interest expense. In the case of sufficient deposit certificate pledge (the loan amount generally does not exceed 90% of the deposit certificate denomination), it is necessary to concentrate sufficient funds to avoid paying more interest. In the case that a bank's certificate of deposit is not enough to pledge, we can compare a number of banks and choose another bank with a higher pledge rate to handle the loan. Because the pledge rate of each bank is different, some banks are 80% of the face value of large deposit certificates, while others are 90%. [ 1]
Warehouse receipt pledge loan
Warehouse receipt refers to the only legal ownership certificate issued by the warehousing company to the depositor or the owner of the goods to record the ownership of the warehousing goods. The holder of the warehouse receipt can pick up the goods directly from the warehouse at any time with the warehouse receipt. Warehouse receipt pledge loan refers to a kind of credit business in which banks sign cooperation agreements with borrowers (pledger) and custodians (warehousing companies), and apply for loans from borrowers with warehouse receipts issued by custodians owned by borrowers or held by third parties as collateral.
Intellectual property pledge loan
Intellectual property pledge loan refers to applying to the bank for financing after evaluating the property rights in legally owned patents, trademarks and copyrights. Due to the particularity of the implementation and realization of intellectual property rights such as patent rights, only a few banks provide such financing facilities to some small and medium-sized enterprises at present, and generally need the legal representative of the enterprise to add insurance.
Policy pledge loan
Policy pledge loan is a financing method in which the insured directly mortgages the policy he holds to the insurance company and obtains funds according to a certain proportion of the cash value of the policy. If the borrower fails to perform the debt at maturity, the insurance company has the right to terminate the insurance contract when the accumulated principal and interest of the loan reach the cash value of surrender. In the process of life insurance exhibition, it has become a fashion to add policy pledge loans to insurance clauses. Policy pledge loan is a short-term financing method, which means that when the policy holder is short of funds, he applies for a loan from an insurance company or bank with the policy in his hand as a pledge. Its loan funds come from the cash value of the policy (when the premium is paid for a certain period of time, the life insurance policy will accumulate a certain cash value, which will also have the pledge value), so life insurance with the nature of savings can apply for policy loans; For short-term accident insurance, medical insurance, etc. Because they have no cash value or because of the fluctuation of cash value, they can't apply for a policy loan. You can continue to enjoy the insurance protection function by using the loan pledged by the policy. At present, there are two ways of policy pledge loan. The policyholder of an insurance company can directly pledge the policy to the insurance company and obtain a loan directly from the insurance company. The loan period provided by insurance companies is short, generally not more than 6 months (but as long as the policy payment is effective, the loan can be renewed for 6 months after the interest is repaid at each expiration, and there is no limit on the number of loan renewals). The maximum loan amount does not exceed a certain proportion of the cash value of the policy, generally 70% ~ 80%. If the borrower fails to perform the debt due, the insurance company will terminate the insurance contract when the loan principal and interest reach the surrender amount. It should be noted that the loan pledged by the policy should pay interest to the insurance company. Its interest rate is generally calculated according to the predetermined interest rate stipulated by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and the higher bank loan interest rate in the same period, and then rises by 20%. Therefore, the interest rate of policy pledged loans is higher than that of certificates of deposit and treasury bonds pledged loans, and the interest rate varies according to the type of policy, so it is low and high. If the same applicant has more than one policy to pledge, it is necessary to choose the corresponding policy with lower loan interest rate to pledge, so as to save interest expenses. Compared with applying for a policy loan from an insurance company, the bank's policy pledge loan is more favorable than the former in terms of quota, duration and loan interest rate. The insured can get a maximum loan amount of 90% of the cash value of the pledged policy for a maximum period of five years, and the loan interest rate is determined according to the benchmark interest rate of the corresponding loan period stipulated by the People's Bank of China. Moreover, you can enjoy the convenience of the credit line and cycle the loan within the credit line. However, banks generally require that the policy as pledge should be the insurance agent of the bank. [ 1]
National debt pledge loan
National debt pledge loan refers to a loan business in which the borrower takes the unexpired national debt as pledge, obtains RMB loan from the loan bank, and repays the loan principal and interest in one lump sum at maturity. It should be noted that the national debt here generally refers to voucher-type national debt (generally, lending banks only accept voucher-type national debt issued after 1999, and some banks have relatively loose time requirements for national debt), but some banks (such as Bank of Communications) handle pledge loans for book-entry national debt. Voucher bond pledge loan refers to a loan business in which the borrower takes the unexpired voucher bond issued by the Ministry of Finance after 1999 (including 1999) as pledge, obtains RMB loan from the original subscription bond bank, and repays the principal and interest at maturity. The starting point of voucher-type national debt pledge loan is 5000 yuan, and each loan does not exceed 90% of the bond pledge value. In other words, you must have more than 5600 yuan of certificate-based government bonds to apply for loans from banks. The loan interest rate of voucher-type national debt pledge shall be implemented in accordance with the benchmark interest rate (including floating) of loans of the same grade in the same period and relevant regulations. If the loan term is less than 6 months, it shall be determined by the benchmark interest rate of 6 months. The longest loan period shall not exceed the maturity date of certificate-based national debt. Where multiple certificate-based government bonds with different maturities are pledged, the loan term shall be determined by the certificate-based government bonds closest to the maturity date. Voucher-type national debt pledge loan procedures shall be handled as pledged loans. Therefore, the precautions are the same as those in pledge loans, but special attention should be paid to applying for loans as much as possible in an emergency, rather than repaying the national debt in advance. Because the national debt is paid in less than half a year, there is not only no interest income, but also a handling fee of 1‰; For those who hold the national debt for more than half a year and less than one year, the interest rate paid in advance is 0.63%, but after deducting the handling fee of 1‰, the rate of return drops to 0.53%, which is lower than the after-tax rate of return of current savings deposits. Therefore, considering the factors such as paying the handling fee in advance, the yield is lower than the demand deposit, and the maturity income of the national debt is higher than the benchmark interest rate of the bank time deposit and the national debt pledge loan in the same period. Generally speaking, the holder of the national debt. [ 1]
Stock mortgage loan
Stock pledge loan refers to a loan method in which a securities company obtains funds from a commercial bank with its stocks, securities investment fund bonds and convertible bonds of listed companies as pledges. The share pledge rate shall be agreed by the lender with the borrower according to the quality of the pledged shares and the financial and credit status of the borrower, but the maximum share pledge rate shall not exceed 60%. The adjustment of the upper limit of pledge rate is decided by the People's Bank of China and China Banking Regulatory Commission.
Pledged loan of financial beneficial right
Banks have issued a large number of RMB and foreign currency wealth management products. In order to enhance the liquidity of wealth management products and meet the temporary needs of wealth management customers, banks have launched a new type of pledge loan-pledge loan for the beneficial rights of wealth management products. The pledge loan of the beneficial right of wealth management products refers to the RMB pledge loan set up by the borrower with the beneficial right of local and foreign currency wealth management products sold by the bank. The initial amount of the pledge loan for the beneficial right of wealth management products is 1000 yuan. If the beneficial right of RMB wealth management products is pledged, the loan amount generally does not exceed 90% of the principal of the wealth management products; If the beneficiary right of foreign currency wealth management products is pledged, the loan amount generally does not exceed 80% of the principal of the wealth management products. The loan term generally does not exceed 1 year, and does not exceed the maturity date of the pledged local and foreign currency wealth management products. If the beneficiary rights of multiple wealth management products are pledged, the maturity time of the loan shall be determined by the one closest to the maturity time. If the wealth management products expire in advance, the loan term will be advanced accordingly. Its interest rate can fluctuate in the benchmark interest rate of bank loans with the same term, and the loan interest is paid off together with the principal.
Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.