(A) the risk of the lender's solvency

Housing accumulation fund is a long-term housing deposit paid by state organs, state-owned enterprises, urban collective enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises, urban private enterprises and other urban enterprises, institutions, private non-enterprise units, social organizations and their employees. Therefore, the policy characteristics of housing provident fund determine that the service target of individual housing loans is mainly employees who pay housing provident fund. The family income of these workers can basically meet their repayment requirements. With the reform of the employment system in Chinese enterprises, workers are no longer as secure as before and may be fired at any time. In this way, these workers will be unable to repay the housing provident fund loans normally because of sudden unemployment, and there is a potential overdue risk.

(B) risks brought by entrusting banks

According to the Regulations on Housing Provident Fund Management, the housing provident fund management center cannot handle financial business, and the housing provident fund loan can only be entrusted to the entrusted bank designated by the housing provident fund management Committee, and the risk is borne by the housing provident fund management center. In practice, the entrusted bank thinks that it is enough for both the principal and the borrower to reach an agreement through consultation, so the entrusted bank will relax its vigilance in supervision, and the loan contract that may be signed will lose its authenticity and legitimacy, and it is difficult to guarantee the legitimacy and effectiveness of the certificate of other rights of the house. Therefore, it will create the risk of distortion of lenders and collateral.

(C) the credit risk of developers

At present, most of the housing provident fund loans in our city come from forward housing loans for commercial housing. According to the loan operation rules and relevant regulations, the main project of commercial housing can only be loaned if it is capped. However, in practice, when developers obtain pre-sale permits for commercial housing, they can mortgage secured loans. Some developers can apply for housing provident fund loans just because the main body is a frame structure. Individual developers who lack integrity can't finish the project on time due to misappropriation of funds or other reasons, so that buyers can't move in on time, or even the project is "unfinished", which leads buyers to cancel the purchase contract, refuse to repay the housing provident fund loan, and transfer the contract disputes of developers to lenders, resulting in loan risks.

(4) the borrower's credit risk

At present, the housing provident fund management system in our city has not established a personal credit information system, so it is impossible to investigate the core contents of personal credit, such as current liabilities, credit records and other related information, even if borrowers borrow from multiple banks. In this way, the malicious overdue caused by the borrower's excessive debt will cause the risk that the loan cannot be recovered.

(V) Risk of repayment period

Since housing provident fund loans are mainly for low-and middle-income families, the loan life is basically more than 10 years. The longer the repayment period, the more unknown factors, the greater the change in the value of the collateral itself, and the higher the loan risk.

(VI) Risk of collateral disposal

First, due to the imperfection of China's current laws and regulations, it is difficult to put the mortgaged house in place and realize the mortgage when the borrower defaults. Second, for some reasons, it is difficult to exercise the priority claim previously discovered. Third, due to valuation reasons, the valuation at the time of disposal of collateral is lower than the valuation at the time of establishment, or the auction income is lower than the loss caused by outstanding loans.

(vii) National policies manage risks.

The risk of national policy regulation mainly comes from the introduction of relevant policies to regulate housing prices and maintain the stability of national policies when the real estate market is too high or too low. When the price of the house for sale is too different from its value, the policy will be adjusted in time to control it. When the house price rises, the risk is small, and when the house price falls, it will bring the risk of loans overdue or malicious non-repayment.

(viii) Unpredictable risks.

Unpredictable risks mainly come from the loss of collateral caused by natural disasters such as fire and flood, or the risk that borrowers and guarantors cannot repay loans due to accidents such as illness and car accidents, such as disability, loss of work ability, disappearance and death.

Second, preventive measures.

(a) strictly review the loan information, according to its loan repayment ability to determine the loan amount and duration.

Whether the lender has the loan qualification and repayment ability is the basic condition for handling housing provident fund loans. When reviewing the loan information, it is necessary to strictly verify the nature of the lender's unit, the deposit of provident fund, family income, and the purpose of buying a house for self-occupation. Employees who apply for housing provident fund loans should be graded in repayment ability. Controlling the loan amount and loan life through reasonable grading plays a certain role in preventing loan risks.

(B) the establishment of personal credit system

Gradually establish personal credit files, and network with the personal credit information system of the People's Bank of China to enjoy personal credit information. You can learn the basic information and economic information of the lender from this system. Understand the accounts that have not paid off many loans, or the relevant information of previous loans and repayments, and adjust the loan amount appropriately to prevent the risks brought by malicious loans.

(c) Receptionist notification system

The front desk staff should explain in detail the rights and obligations of both parties after the signing of the loan contract to every employee who comes to handle the provident fund loan business, and clearly inform the borrower of the interest and related legal responsibilities that will be borne if he fails to perform the repayment obligation, so as to prevent the borrower from maliciously overdue repayment.

(4) Establishing a supervision mechanism for the entrusted banks.

The provident fund center shall establish relevant rules and regulations, sign the entrustment agreement of housing provident fund loan business and the evaluation standard of housing provident fund entrustment business with the entrusted bank, and conduct spot checks on the loans issued by the entrusted bank. The central loan department should keep information flowing with the entrusted bank, keep abreast of the borrower's situation and take precautions against risks.

(five) the establishment of joint guarantee system for developers.

Housing provident fund loans are mostly forward mortgage loans. The borrower can go to the bank to go through the mortgage pre-registration procedures with the commercial housing sales contract and payment receipt, and then develop the enterprise guarantee. The mortgagee can only renew the house ownership certificate after handling the house land certificate and mortgage registration. And forced developers to apply for two housing certificates for buyers as soon as possible and renew the "Housing Ownership Certificate". In order to avoid the guarantee liability becoming a mere formality, it is suggested that developers should be required to bear joint and several economic responsibilities during the guarantee period.

(6) Strict mortgage management of individual housing loans to prevent mortgage risks.

Strictly review the legality of mortgaged houses, and do not go through the loan procedures if the property rights are unclear or the mortgage ratio is unclear; For faster mortgage loans, we must review the qualifications of developers, five certificates and the construction progress of mortgaged real estate.

(seven) the establishment of overdue loans early warning mechanism and overdue loan collection management measures.

Staff should always pay attention to borrowers' repayment, and classify overdue loans into five categories according to the guiding principle of loan risk classification formulated by China People's Bank 1996: normal, secondary, concerned, doubtful and loss. It is suggested to arrange special personnel to test the repayment of borrowers every month, classify them according to the standards, and take measures in time if any abnormality is found. If it is overdue for more than one month, it should be notified in time, and if it is overdue for three months, it should be handed over to the security office in time, and the deposit in the development enterprise account should be deducted in time through legal procedures to ensure the safe recovery of provident fund loans.