Based on the future cash flow of the loan customer, the loan principal repayment date and the amount of each period are agreed upon, and the loan interest repayment date is agreed upon.
1. The repayment plan depends on future cash flow.
2. The principal has its own repayment plan; the interest has its own repayment plan; the two have no connection from the source; the classic pairing of the two plans forms a typical repayment method, For example, interest will be paid off with the principal, regular interest settlement, and equal amounts of principal and interest
1. Interest will be paid off with the principal
The principal will be repaid in one lump sum on the maturity date; the interest will be repaid in one lump sum on the maturity date.
2. Regular interest settlement
The principal is repaid once on the maturity date; the interest is repaid in multiple installments. For example, interest is paid on the 20th of each month, and the remaining principal and interest are repaid on the loan maturity date.
3. Equal principal and interest
The principal is repaid in multiple installments; the interest is repaid in multiple installments; the number of principal and interest installments and the date of each installment are exactly the same. For example, the principal and interest are repaid on the 20th of each month, and the remaining principal and interest are repaid on the loan maturity date.
4. Irregular repayment method
In addition to the above three repayment methods, there are also principal and interest payments, equal amounts of principal, equal increments, equal decreases, equal principal increments, The cost is decreasing.
5. Overdue loan and overdue loan amount
Loan is overdue. No matter what repayment method is used, as long as one period of principal or one period of interest is not repaid on time, it will be defined as a loan overdue.
Overdue loan amount. After the loan is overdue, the loan principal that has not been repaid by the customer will be counted in the overdue loan amount, and the interest that has not been repaid by the customer will not be counted.
Since the repayment plan is determined before the loan is issued, the subsequent actual operating conditions of the company may cause abnormalities in the company's cash flow estimated by the bank. In order to meet the above-mentioned "rigid" repayment plan, companies sometimes have to repay the bank's principal and interest with high-interest "bridge loans" to avoid overdue loans, which will affect credit reports and subsequent loans. In order to solve this contradiction, the bank innovated the "irregular repayment method", diagram:
1. Interest is repaid regularly, such as on the 20th of every month. It proves that the company is still conducting regular operations and has a certain amount of cash flow.
2. The principal plan is dynamically adjusted through consultation between the bank and the enterprise, adopting the idea of ??"gradual details". You can make a principal plan for the next year first, and then make a principal plan for the next year at the end of each year. In the event of emergencies, such as natural disasters and production accidents, emergency adjustments can be made after ascertaining the actual situation.
6. Let’s take two typical scenarios of irregular repayment methods:
1. Farmers’ loans are used to plant Camellia oleifera trees. It usually takes 3-5 years from the time the Camellia oleifera trees are planted to produce economic benefits. Conventional repayment methods are not suitable for farmers’ future cash flow. A more appropriate approach is to repay the interest on the 20th of each month and not repay the principal in the first three years. At the end of the third year, a principal repayment plan will be formulated based on the actual situation.
2. Small and micro loans with unstable cash flow. When the cash flow of small and micro business owners is unstable, they can agree to repay the interest on the 20th of each month. When there is a clear cash inflow, they can maintain a principal plan and then deduct the repayment