The teacher recruitment examination does not examine personal credit information, so even if you are in loans overdue, it will not affect the teacher qualification examination. As long as you are qualified in political quality, qualified in education and have the corresponding teacher qualification certificate, you can apply for the exam.
Having loan records and overdue records are two different things. Having a loan record means that you need useful money, while having an overdue record means that your credit is in trouble. As for where to borrow it, this institution can't manage it. This is a personal choice, and it is not illegal. If you go to the bank for a loan, the bank may think you are risky, but the political review has nothing to do with the loan. Microfinance and bank loans are essentially loans.