Objective: Through this social survey, more people know more about the living conditions of rural residents, and then take measures to improve this situation.
Investigation location: Shang Jin Town, Yunxi County, Shiyan City, Hubei Province.
Survey time: July to August 2009
Survey object: Some villagers in the south, north and Wu Yuping villages of Shang Jin Town.
Survey methods: sampling survey and regression analysis.
Investigation Task: Member of the 2008 Summer Social Practice Mission of Wuhan University of Technology * *
Brief introduction of survey background:
Shang Jin Town, Yunxi County is located in a remote area in northwest Hubei. The town covers an area of 226.5 square kilometers, governs 16 villages, and has 8345 households in 99 villagers' groups, with a total population of 4 10/00000. The market town covers an area of 5.2 square kilometers and has a population of10.5 million. Shang Jin Town 1987 was listed as the key old town in the province by the provincial government; 1998 was listed as the provincial key "Kouzi Town of Border Trade" by the provincial government; In 2004, it was listed as a national historical and cultural town by the Ministry of Construction and National Cultural Heritage Administration. In 2007, it was jointly named "China Famous Historical and Cultural Town" by the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Culture and National Cultural Heritage Administration. In 2007, it was listed as one of the key demonstration towns of "Hundreds of Towns and Thousands of Villages" by the provincial party committee and government.
survey result
(A) the investigation and analysis of rural residents' education.
"Sharpening the knife does not mistake the woodcutter, and I have been working since I graduated from junior high school!" "A century-old plan, education-oriented." "No matter how hard it is, you can't suffer children, and education can't be bad!" Rural education has always been highly valued by all walks of life, especially the education sector. Taking this summer social practice as an opportunity, the author, as a survey representative of Hubei University in 2008, was lucky enough to come to Shang Jin Town, Yunxi County, Shiyan City, and made a partial sampling survey of some villagers in Chengnan Village, Chengbei Village and Wu Yuping Village. The following are the survey results of the education level of these villagers.
educational level
Age 0 ~20 years old 2 1 ~40 years old 4 1 ~60 years old and over 60 years old.
Primary school 60 72 53 24
Junior high school 45 40 25 6
Senior high school 13 7 2 0
University 2 1 0 0
* * * Electricity meter 120 120 80 30
As can be seen from the above table, the education level of residents here is generally low, which is distressing. Even nine-year compulsory education is a problem. In the table, among 120 people under the age of 20, nearly 20 people are now working outside, and almost 90% of them are over the age of 16. These child laborers can't get the living expenses and other expenses of 1000 yuan per month at the highest salary; 4 1 to 40 100 people, more than 60% people go out to work. Almost all of them sell coolies to earn money, in order to save money and work overtime. And the money that can really be earned is pitiful; Even, many farmers over the age of 40 are working outside. In rural areas, going out to work seems to be a trend. For such a group of people who are often discriminated against by the city, the outside world is so strange and full of thorns, but they have to do it in order to make a living.
(2) Investigation on the income and expenditure of rural residents
Face the loess and face the sky! This sentence has always been a true portrayal of farmers' hard work! Even in today's rural areas, such a way of making a living is still common. They work hard, but earn little, but it is difficult to make a living. In this regard, the author also investigated this situation. In the survey, when asked "what is your per capita annual income", a villager asked me to calculate an account for him. The results are as follows:
Project grain, corn, two pigs and agricultural products, one person goes out to work.
Earnings 1500 Jin, 1 100 Jin, it costs 2,500 yuan to sell (600 yuan) 200 yuan.
Project chemical fertilizer, seeds, pesticides, various fund-raising daily necessities for students, agricultural tax.
Expenditure 250 yuan 100 Yuan 250 yuan 20 yuan 200 yuan 50 yuan.
This set of data basically reflects the income and expenditure of most rural residents. As can be seen from this table, except for the feed that pigs need, there is just enough food left. Now let's calculate this account for them: 600+200+2500=3300 yuan, 3300-250-100-250-20-200-50 = 2430 yuan. If there are 3.5 people per household, the average person can't reach 700 yuan. This is quite different from the national statistics that "the national rural per capita income has increased from 1 13.6 yuan in 1978 to 2366 yuan in 200 1 year". How did this 2366 yuan come from? Qiu Xiaohua, deputy director of the National Bureau of Statistics, pointed out that in 200 1 year, the per capita income of urban residents in China was 6,860 yuan, while that of farmers was 2,366 yuan, so the ratio should have been 3: 1. When a large part of this 2,366 yuan is a blank check, the actual income of farmers is only 1800 yuan, which means the ratio may be 5: 1. Compared with this 6860 yuan, the proportion is close to 10: 1.
From this, I can't help but think of Li Changping, Party Secretary of Pan Qi Township, Jianli County, Hubei Province in March 2000. At the beginning of the book, he wrote: "I write to you with tears in my eyes with infinite loyalty to the party and deep sympathy for the peasants." What I want to tell you is that farmers are really suffering now, the countryside is really poor and agriculture is really dangerous! The book says: In rural areas, vagrancy is like a flood, the burden is like Mount Tai, the debt is like Mount Everest, cadres are like locusts, the responsibility system is like shackles, policies are like rumors, and lies are like truth. As a native of the countryside, I can really understand how poor the countryside is and how bitter the farmers are. But when I saw the book of the Prime Minister, I couldn't help being moved all over. In this survey, I began to rethink: how poor the countryside is and how bitter the farmers are. The increasingly serious rural problems have become the focus of social contradictions and must be paid enough attention to.
Investigation and analysis:
So, what is the reason for the heavy burden on farmers? I personally combine the survey results and related data information, and analyze as follows:
1. Farmers' income grew slowly. The annual growth rate of farmers' net income in China decreased from 9% in 1996 to only 2. 1% in 2000. The policy of "increasing farmers' income" seems to be just a slogan. In my investigation, increasing farmers' income has become a clever move for the government to use the people.
2. Farmers have a low level of education, most of them have not received a good education, do not understand the development trend of society, the basic trend of economy and the ideas of rural reform, lack enthusiasm and information, dare not try new economic labor methods, and rely on the traditional economic growth mode for transition and rest on its laurels.
Third, the depreciation of agricultural products, first of all, an account, in the past five years, the price of agricultural products has continued to fall, taking grain as an example. In the past five years, China's grain output reached 400 million tons, with an average price reduction of 20 cents per catty, so: 400 million * 2000 * 0.2 = 65.438+06 billion yuan, which means that farmers lose more than 30 billion yuan on average every year. In my investigation, the responsibility system really seems to be the shackles mentioned in the Prime Minister's book. Because the price of agricultural products is too low, rural labor force has flowed out one after another, so that a large number of fertile soil and fertile fields are barren.
Survey recommendations:
So, how to reduce the burden on farmers?
The first is to implement rural tax and fee reform. For a long time, the reform of rural taxes and fees has been difficult to get rid of the strange circle of Huang Zongxi's law. Therefore, to promote rural tax and fee reform, we must do the following:
1. Fees and taxes are taxes. Because the fees and taxes are much higher, the burden on farmers can be reduced without increasing other miscellaneous factions. Of course, the state put forward this policy, but the specific implementation has become a formulation in some places.
2. If you can reduce it, you can reduce it, and if you can avoid it, you can avoid it. Among the reasonable rural taxes and fees stipulated by the state, some things (relative to towns) can be said to be redundant, while others can be said to be excessive. If the government can consider "making less money for farmers", so as to reduce and avoid it, it can also reduce the burden on farmers.
Second, increase farmers' income. As farmers' income increases, the proportion of their burden will naturally decrease. In addition, increasing farmers' income is our fundamental goal. To increase farmers' income, government departments must do the following:
1. Improve the working quality of government workers and let them really do their jobs. Fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all departments and let them really serve agriculture and farmers.
2. Adjust the agricultural structure, introduce cash crops suitable for the local environment, and help farmers develop cash crops according to local conditions. Let science and technology connect with agriculture and guide farmers to develop high-tech agriculture.
3. Provide more small loans to farmers, support farmers to develop agricultural and sideline industries, provide them with technical guidance and financial help, and solve the economic and technical worries of farmers in starting businesses.
4. Vigorously support and establish township enterprises to provide employment opportunities for farmers. Increase farmers' income while solving the problem of rural surplus labor force. At the same time, it also increased the fiscal revenue of villages and towns.
Third, standardize the agricultural tax environment, and strictly stop illegal acts such as arbitrary charges, arbitrary fund-raising, arbitrary apportionment, arbitrary fines, and arbitrary overweight. Clarify rural tax items and explain the relevant provisions of taxation to farmers. At the same time, we should implement the policy of "making village affairs public" put forward by the 15th National Congress. Let farmers supervise the flow of taxes and fees themselves.
Fourth, improve the rural social security system. Although we are talking about "building a well-off society in an all-round way". However, many rural areas in China are still struggling with food and clothing. Farmers who rely on their own production to support themselves basically have no minimum living guarantee. It seems that the country's social security benefits do not involve rural areas.
Fifth, improve rural postal services, communications, medical care, health, education, medical care and other infrastructure construction. Especially in rural education facilities, we should strengthen the construction of hardware facilities in rural schools, improve the construction of teachers, and introduce advanced education and management concepts. At the same time, we should further improve the rural public infrastructure and medical system.
Findings:
Nearly 40 days of summer vacation is over, and I returned to school with an inexplicable heavy heart. The one-month summer vacation rural survey made me feel a lot as a student from the countryside. The countryside is poor and farmers suffer, but I believe there must be many students from the countryside like me. It seems that rural people are eager to send us to big cities. What do they want? Just for our future survival? Just to give yourself the vanity of a child who goes to college? Just to have someone to support you in the future? The answer is no, of course. They don't just want this. They have a hope and an expectation. They are looking forward to our return, and we are looking forward to changing the status quo of rural poverty and farmers' suffering. Now that the country is developing the west, it is time for our generation of college students to graduate from the west. We should respond to the call of the motherland, go to the west, go to the countryside, support the development of the west, help rural construction, serve the motherland and repay our parents!