There are many factors that affect the carbonation speed of concrete. First of all, the variety of cement has a great influence, because the alkalinity of calcium silicate and calcium aluminate contained in different cement is different; Secondly, the carbonation of concrete is mainly related to the concentration and humidity of CO2 in the surrounding medium. Under the condition of drying saturated water, the carbonation reaction almost stops, so this is not only an influencing factor of cement varieties, but also a very important reason. Thirdly, when water permeates into concrete, the dissolution rate of lime will also depend on whether there are substances in water that affect the solubility of Ca(OH)2. For example, when water contains Na2SO4 and a small amount of Mg2+, the solubility of lime will increase. For example, Mg(HCO3)2 containing Ca(HCO3)2 in water is very beneficial to resist dissolution erosion. Because they form a carbonized protective layer on the concrete surface; In addition, the permeability coefficient of concrete, water permeability, excessive vibration of concrete, renewal speed of water near concrete, water flow speed, structural size, water pressure and maintenance mode are all closely related to the carbonation of concrete.

For the prevention and treatment of concrete carbonation damage, we summarized a series of control measures for concrete carbonation damage in construction: First, we should choose appropriate cement varieties according to the geographical location and surrounding environment of the building during construction; Sulfate-resistant ordinary cement is selected in areas with changing water level, alternating dry and wet areas or cold areas; High-strength cement should be selected for the scour site; Secondly, the properties of aggregate, such as the effect of adding water and cement to acid-resistant aggregate on concrete carbonization, are analyzed. Third, it is necessary to choose proper mix proportion, suitable admixture, high-quality raw materials, scientific mixing and transportation, timely maintenance and other strict technical means to reduce the erosion of harmful substances such as water seepage and ensure the compactness of concrete; In addition, if the building is located in a bad environment, epoxy-based liquid paint should be used for better protection, and a protective layer should be set around the underground part of the building; Soak concrete with various solutions, such as coating with molten asphalt. Also, if the concrete in the building is carbonized, it is best to repair it with epoxy material. If the carbonation depth is large, the loose part of concrete can be chiseled away, the harmful substances entering can be washed away, the joint surface of concrete can be chiseled away, filled with epoxy mortar or fine stone concrete, and finally coated with epoxy-based liquid for protection.