(1) The external economic environment provides a hotbed for non-performing loans: 1, and the market mechanism is not perfect; 2. Some state-owned enterprises are seriously short of funds and suffer serious losses, all of which are made up by bank loans; 3. Some people have incorrect credit concept. (2) The internal factors of state-owned commercial banks have promoted the increase of non-performing loans: 1, the loan management mechanism is backward, and all aspects are not binding enough; 2. The loan risk monitoring mechanism is not perfect, allowing non-performing loans to continue to operate. 1. Can the epidemic bank loan be paid in time? You can apply for overdue repayment, but it needs to be reviewed and confirmed by the banking institution. According to the relevant policies and regulations, those who are hospitalized or isolated due to new pneumonia, those who need to be isolated for epidemic prevention and control due to the impact of the epidemic, and those who participate in epidemic prevention and control cannot repay in time. Upon confirmation by the access institution, there is no overdue record for the relevant overdue loans, and the submitted loans can be adjusted. Individuals and enterprises that temporarily lose their sources of income due to the epidemic can submit credit records according to the adjusted repayment arrangements. According to the Notice on Further Strengthening Financial Support to Prevent and Control novel coronavirus jointly issued by the People's Bank of China, Ministry of Finance, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission and Foreign Exchange Bureau. For those hospitalized or isolated people with new pneumonia, those who need isolated observers for epidemic prevention and control, those who have temporarily lost their livelihood due to the epidemic, financial institutions should appropriately tilt their credit policies, flexibly adjust personal credit repayment arrangements such as housing mortgage and credit card, and reasonably postpone the repayment period. Personal business guarantee loans infected with new pneumonia can be extended for one year and continue to enjoy financial discount support. Financial institutions should give priority to customers infected with new pneumonia or damaged by the epidemic, appropriately expand the scope of responsibility and make full compensation. Second, how to prevent borrowing. First, pay attention to the examination of the debtor's subject qualification; The second is to review the business scope of the debtor; The third is to examine whether the contents operated by both parties are legal; The fourth is to examine the debtor's solvency; The fifth is to examine whether the debtor has a good business reputation; The sixth is to examine whether it is necessary to sign a contract or agreement, whether the terms of the contract or agreement to be signed are complete, and whether the rights and obligations of both parties are clear; Seventh, if security measures can be taken, the debtor should be required to provide security as far as possible, because secured creditor's rights have priority over other creditor's rights, which is an effective way to reduce risks. Of course, when establishing a guarantee, you should pay attention to the legal effect of the guarantee. Third, how to avoid the problem loan in bank loan 1, banks need to strengthen the pre-loan review. Before granting loans, the relevant staff will review the borrower's application materials, repayment ability, personal credit and other related information. But if you want to completely eliminate the problem loan. Our supervisor needs to strengthen the audit. Kill "non-performing loans" in the bud. 2. After the loan is issued, the bank staff also need to randomly review the borrower's loan, and the bank generally only collects the borrower's repayment every month. However, this approach is too passive, and the relevant banking departments need to take the initiative to review the borrower's economic status and avoid the problem loans caused by the borrower's own economic "crisis". 3. After the loan is issued, the bank staff should always pay attention to the current political information. We all know that the national loan interest rate will change due to some factors. When the loan interest rate changes, it will affect the borrower's repayment abroad. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to this. According to Article 33 of the General Principles of Loans, the lender shall establish and improve the loan quality supervision system, and classify, register, evaluate and collect non-performing loans; Article 34 Non-performing loans refer to non-performing loans, sluggish loans and overdue loans. Non-performing loans refer to loans classified as non-performing loans according to the relevant provisions of the Ministry of Finance. Sluggish loans refer to loans that are overdue (including expired after extension) but not returned according to the relevant provisions of the Ministry of Finance, or loans that have terminated production and operation but suspended construction (excluding bad loans). Overdue loans refer to loans that are not due (including those due after extension) as agreed in the loan contract (excluding sluggish loans and bad loans).

Second, what is a problem loan? What factors are affected?

What is a problem loan? What factors are affected? According to Bian Xiao, problem loans refer to non-performing loans. After a loan is issued, it is very likely that there will be a problem loan.

We borrowers should also pay attention to problem loans. Because if the borrower's loan becomes a problem loan, it is the borrower himself who is "handled" by the bank.

Any problem loan is caused by the following three factors:

1, the borrower's own factors.

Improper financial structure, lack of adaptability to market and industry changes, weak management department, fraudulent activities, etc.

2. External factors of the borrower.

Changes in government policies, natural disasters and outdated technology will all change the situation of borrowers, thus affecting their repayment ability.

3. The bank's own mistakes.

Banks may misjudge when analyzing loan issuance, delay the implementation of the agreement or not strictly implement the agreement, which will affect the timely repayment of loans.

Third, how to analyze and evaluate the capital adequacy ratio in banks, and what impact does the capital adequacy ratio have on banks?

Banks are operating in debt, and their funds mainly come from deposits. Bank deposits are recorded as liabilities, while loans are recorded as assets. If there is a formula for the specific calculation of capital adequacy ratio, I will give a rough idea. At present, it is necessary to reach 7%, and most of the previous 8 cannot reach it. The high capital adequacy ratio proves that the business development of this bank is not good enough. It proves that the bank has too few self-owned assets and low anti-risk ability.