In order to ensure the development and popularization of biomass energy, the U.S. Department of Energy plans to invest $5 million in research funds within four years to attract relevant units to apply for its proposed projects. At present, the United States has set off a new wave of biomass energy research and development, and a large number of institutions have participated in the project. In order to further expand the sources of scientific research funds, the US government has also introduced measures to purchase renewable energy credit cards.
The United States has also adopted incentives that directly affect consumers and researchers. For example, in July 2003, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) allocated $770,000 to entrust the US Biodiesel Department (NBB) to start the biodiesel education project, and allocated $/kloc-0.90 million to reward researchers who have made outstanding contributions to biodiesel research and development in university of idaho.
It is very important for China to learn from the experience of the United States and strengthen the guiding role of national early investment (especially considering the high control of the China government in the energy and agriculture fields): it can obtain enough funds for the development of key technologies; Various mutually supporting or competing technologies can be fairly screened and developed within a systematic framework. The industrial development strategy of "taking policy support as the necessary assistance and market mechanism as the fundamental basis" energy, agriculture, forestry and biofuel processing industry has remarkable energy, social and environmental benefits, and should be supported by certain policies, such as tax incentives and loan interest subsidies. This is especially important for emerging industries that are in their infancy. China has promulgated the Renewable Energy Law, but in supporting renewable clean energy such as biomass energy, just like the previous Air Pollution Prevention Law, Energy Conservation Law and Cleaner Production Promotion Law, it is basically a principled law rather than an operational law. Specific and clear regulations have not yet been promulgated. In addition, there is still a considerable degree of monopoly in China's conventional fuel industry, which restricts the biomass liquid fuel industry from entering the market as soon as possible. The solution of such problems also depends on national policies.
The main reason why American biodiesel industry lags behind the European Union lies in the lag of its relevant incentive policies. At the end of 2004, the federal corporate tax law signed by President Bush of the United States included preferential policies for biodiesel, and the expected output of biodiesel increased greatly.
In the long run, the market competition mechanism is the fundamental guarantee to reduce costs and improve competitiveness.
In fact, economic benefits are the biggest driving force for developing energy agriculture. For example, on June 17, 2005, the People's Government of Youjiang District, Baise City, Guangxi signed a contract with Guangxi Wanjia Sugar Company to invest 500 million yuan to build a new sugar factory with a daily output of 5,000 tons of sugarcane and a fuel ethanol plant with an annual output of 300,000 tons. The factors that promote sugarcane to produce ethanol are: 1. Because large sugar factories are equipped with ethanol workshops, the investment required to increase ethanol production is far less than that of ordinary ethanol projects (4,000 yuan/ton ethanol production capacity), only 1 1,000 yuan/ton ethanol production capacity; 2. Including the processing fee, the production cost of ethanol is less than 3000 yuan/ton, especially considering the cost brought by scale effect.
Decline, the profit is more considerable; 3. Compared with the existing varieties of sugarcane, planting energy sugarcane can at least increase 400 yuan per mu, and sugarcane farmers are also motivated; 4. The wastewater pollution in alcohol production was originally a difficult problem, but with the progress of pollution control technology, "turning waste into treasure" can produce benefits. When the CODcr is above 40,000 mg/L, the investment cost of pollution control can be recovered within four to five years, and then it can be profitable. Although there is still much room for improving the productivity of cultivated land in China, large-scale energy agriculture and forestry still rely more on China's huge forestless land (belonging to forestry land) and barren hills and wasteland suitable for forest. In fact, a lot of afforestation in China is located in areas with convenient transportation and abundant labor. Experts believe that the speed of afforestation in these areas is greatly restricted by institutional factors (not just economic factors), such as the definition of forest rights.
The idea of combining forestry production with energy supply is of great significance to promoting forestry development and increasing fuel supply. It is worth mentioning that India has shown great determination in developing energy forestry. The Indian Prime Minister said: "If we can start the Jatropha program to produce biodiesel from plants, it may provide employment for 36 million people and 33 million hectares of barren and arid land can be reclaimed into oil fields."
In order to effectively develop China's energy agriculture and forestry, further basic research work (such as land resources, regional suitability of energy plants, etc.) should be carried out. ) is needed, and on this basis, the rational planning of land resources utilization. At present, the State Forestry Administration has begun to attach importance to the development possibility of energy forestry and organized some basic research work related to energy forestry.
Four, the world's major biomass liquid fuel company directory
1, international
Constellation Energy, Biofuel Energy Company, etc.
2. Domestic
Zhejiang jiesheng new energy technology co., ltd.