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How to promote the transformation and innovation of small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises in Quanzhou
At present, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is an important topic in the field of economics, and it is also an overall problem that must be solved for the sustained and healthy economic and social development of a country or region. For Quanzhou, a coastal area with a relatively developed level of economic and social development, how to speed up the industrial transformation and innovation of small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises in Quanzhou while ensuring the overall economic growth of the society has become the top priority in coping with various challenges in the post-financial crisis era, accelerating the transformation of economic development mode and maintaining the stable and rapid development of local economy and society. The important force to ensure stability, growth and people's livelihood comes from small and medium-sized enterprises. In response to the policy thinking of the Party and the government to adjust from "ensuring growth" to "promoting transformation", we must speed up the transformation and innovation of enterprises, which is a strategic choice for building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a harmonious society. Quanzhou, as the pioneer area of market economy in our province, has a large number of small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises, which plays an important role in the economic development of Fujian Province. Although there are many small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises in Quanzhou, they have made great contributions to the society, provided a large number of employment opportunities for local and mainland rural surplus labor and laid-off workers in cities and towns, and become the group with the largest number of jobs and employees. How to develop small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises in Quanzhou in the post-financial crisis era? How to deal with the challenge of financial crisis and ensure the steady and rapid development of small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises in Quanzhou? Under the perplexity of many uncertain factors and the inherent shortage of Quanzhou textile and garment SMEs (lack of funds, talents and technology), Quanzhou textile and garment SMEs need to change their thinking and constantly transform and upgrade. I put forward three suggestions on improving the transformation and upgrading mechanism of small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises in Quanzhou: speeding up the information construction of enterprises; Improve the ability of independent innovation, based on long-term development; Increase support for high-tech enterprises and brand enterprises with development potential. First, accelerate the construction of enterprise informatization. A number of studies have shown that there are widespread problems in small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises in Quanzhou, such as backward information management and poor management and control. With the development of the financial crisis and the world economy entering a new information age, these problems of small and medium-sized enterprises will directly restrict their survival and development. Faced with the above problems, small and medium-sized enterprises must improve the planning management level of the company, change the current manual management mode and adopt advanced information management mode to improve the management level of the enterprise. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) means enterprise resource planning, which is a management platform based on information technology and providing decision-making operation means for enterprise decision makers and employees with systematic management ideas. ERP system integrates information technology and advanced management ideas, and becomes the operation mode of modern enterprises, which embodies the requirements of the times for enterprises to rationally allocate resources and create social wealth to the maximum, and becomes the cornerstone for enterprises to survive and develop in the information age. Factory buildings, production lines, processing equipment, testing equipment, transportation tools, etc. They are all hardware resources of enterprises, while manpower, management, reputation, financing ability, organizational structure and employees' labor enthusiasm are all software resources of enterprises. In the business development of enterprises, these resources interact with each other to form the basis for enterprises to carry out production activities, complete customer orders, create social wealth and realize enterprise value, which reflects the position of enterprises in competitive development. Implementing ERP will be an important measure for the survival and development of small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises in Quanzhou. However, in established or partially established enterprises, there are widespread problems such as difficulties in business process reengineering, imperfect management system, and insufficient understanding of leaders, managers and senior executives. The informatization of small and medium-sized enterprises should be based on the needs of realizing the business strategy of enterprises and the reality of current development, and must be implemented under the guidance of correct business philosophy, which is entirely based on the business intention of enterprise operators. In the process of informatization, enterprises should be active rather than passive. For small and medium-sized enterprises, at different stages of development, enterprise informatization should be implemented in stages and functions based on different strategies, rather than implementing a large and comprehensive system in one step and doing what one can. Second, it is one of the most important core competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises to improve their independent innovation ability and develop it in the long run. The contribution rate of technological progress of small and medium-sized enterprises to economic growth has increased to nearly 50%, which has become the most dynamic growth point of Quanzhou economy. Although great progress has been made in the construction of independent innovation ability, most small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises in Quanzhou are still characterized by the traditional development mode of consuming resources, extensive management and simple processing, and they can still get considerable return on investment by adopting low-cost competition strategy, and the internal demand for independent innovation is relatively insufficient. The products of most small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises imitate those of large enterprises at home and abroad, which are characterized by high proportion of primary products and processing industries and lack of deep processing and independent products. Even if there is product innovation, it is mostly imitation or substitution, lacking independent innovation. In terms of the total amount, only less than13 of enterprises have advanced equipment in the late 1990s, and the proportion of R&D expenditure on new technologies in sales revenue is less than 0.2%, which is significantly lower than that of textile and garment SMEs in more developed areas such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong and Guangdong. In addition, there are few people engaged in technological innovation in SMEs. At present, the proportion of technicians with senior technical titles, intermediate technical titles and junior technical titles among employees of small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises in Quanzhou is not only far lower than that of developed countries, but also lower than the average level of state-owned enterprises, and the shortage of talents is very prominent. Core technical ability is the core of enterprise's core competitiveness. The core technical capabilities of intellectual property rights, such as patent rights and trademark rights, should be protected by law to avoid being copied and imitated by other enterprises. However, at present, there are still some problems in Quanzhou and even the whole country, such as the lack of compliance with laws, lax enforcement, insufficient efforts to stop unfair competition, patent plagiarism and trademark imitation, which weaken the enthusiasm of Quanzhou textile and garment SMEs for technological innovation and inhibit the initiative of Quanzhou textile and garment SMEs to gain long-term competitive advantage by cultivating their core competitiveness. Therefore, if small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises in Quanzhou want to survive in the financial crisis and remain invincible in the competition at home and abroad, only by constantly cultivating and upgrading their independent innovation ability and building their core competitiveness can they achieve long-term sustainable development in the ever-changing business sea. First of all, we should introduce innovative talents and establish an effective incentive mechanism for innovative talents. Due to the impact of the financial crisis, many small and medium-sized enterprises have reduced their employment plans or reduced their economic scale to ensure a smooth winter. If enterprises reserve talents in this environment, they can combine the improvement and adjustment of internal organizational structure. Appropriate reduction of redundant staff, compression of hierarchy and optimization of employment mechanism are effective measures for enterprises to cope with the harsh external environment. At the same time, according to the needs of the company's development, we can introduce compound management talents with strategic vision and more powerful technical professionals, which is conducive to realizing organizational upgrading and supplementing the follow-up forces. Human resource reserve is an effective way for small and medium-sized enterprises to practice their internal strength and gain momentum for the future. At the same time, enterprises can establish innovation risk funds, establish systems such as technology shareholding, scientific and technological personnel shareholding operation and option incentive, and closely combine the fate of employees with enterprises to form a long-term innovation incentive mechanism. Secondly, small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises in Quanzhou have weak independent innovation ability, but they can strengthen the cooperation between scientific research and production, and truly combine Industry-University-Research. Therefore, we should first build an integrated operation mechanism of Industry-University-Research with enterprises as the main body, universities and scientific research institutions widely participating, and share the benefits and risks, and strengthen the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the joint research and development of new products, new technologies and new processes. The second is to increase investment in R&D, pay equal attention to introduction, digestion, absorption and innovation, and improve the independent innovation ability and level of enterprises. Enterprises can realize the diversification of property rights, absorb social capital and meet the funds needed for R&D and technological innovation through the shareholding system reform in due course. It can not only solve the problem of corporate governance structure, but also solve the problem of the source of funds for technological innovation, and form a risk-taking mechanism for technological innovation. Third, establish a cooperative mechanism among enterprises, universities, scientific research institutions and various intermediaries, encourage Industry-University-Research to jointly cultivate scientific and technological talents and management talents, and build a high-quality independent innovation team for enterprises. Third, increase support for high-tech enterprises and brand enterprises with development potential. In the process of continuous development, small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises in Quanzhou have emerged a number of high-tech enterprises with technological development and innovation capabilities, as well as a number of brand enterprises with great development potential. Under the influence of the current unfavorable factors, these enterprises will also encounter some difficulties in the process of continuous development. This requires the local government and relevant functional departments to proceed from the overall situation, adhere to the Scientific Outlook on Development, solve problems for such enterprises, and do special things. They should not be restricted by outdated rules and regulations. It is suggested that local governments and functional departments or branches of state-owned commercial banks should deeply understand the current policies and use them flexibly to help local enterprises with development prospects as much as possible. (1) The government should do more practical things for the employment environment and talent introduction mechanism of enterprises. Due to the rising labor cost of enterprises and the imperfect living environment of their own employment, many export-oriented production and processing enterprises have a "labor shortage", which directly affects the growth and development of enterprises. Many enterprises want to change the employment environment in order to seek the development of enterprises, but due to various conditions, the government lacks industrial land that can be allocated to provide staff quarters and expand production bases for well-run enterprises. At the same time, enterprises themselves can't get various government policies to encourage the timely introduction of middle and senior talents, so it is difficult to solve this practical problem by themselves. In the aspect of introducing talents, it is suggested that Quanzhou municipal government instruct all counties (cities, districts) to build some affordable housing or low-cost apartments for middle and senior talents with different titles, so that such talents can rent them cheaply. For qualified middle and senior talents, the government, enterprises and individuals will invest a certain proportion to buy houses with legal property rights for their use. In improving the employment environment, the government and functional departments should provide some practical employee support for enterprises. For example, in order to avoid unnecessary employee turnover and actively improve employees' cultural living conditions, enterprises not only invest a lot of money to build employee cultural activity centers (employee bookstores, Internet cafes, billiards rooms, table tennis rooms, gyms, basketball courts, etc.), but also plan to install closed-circuit television systems for each employee dormitory. Local TV stations should be flexible in installation and use fees, and should not adopt the same installation and use fees as home users, and the fees should be appropriately reduced, not too high. (B) the government's support for brand enterprises should be effective. For example, the government will come forward to build billboards of some well-known local brands or brands with great development potential at the entrances and exits of counties and cities under the jurisdiction of Quanzhou, or at the main prosperous sections and commercial activities places, and provide them to well-known brands and brand enterprises with great development potential for free or low rent for limited or long-term use. Local media, such as newspapers and television, should set up a column to publicize local famous brands for free. (3) The government should vigorously promote the improvement of enterprise financing environment. The government should actively guide or urge commercial banks to support local key industrial enterprises, high-tech enterprises, well-known brand enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises with great development potential, and require banks not only to pay attention to immediate interests, but also to actively adopt a loose loan policy for such enterprises for the overall economy of Quanzhou and the overall development of Quanzhou's pillar industries such as textiles, clothing and shoes. At the same time, commercial banks should never only pay attention to their own commercial interests and give too much consideration to lending to short-term projects or high-return real estate investment projects, which will lead to a shortage of bank liquidity. It is suggested that commercial banks increase the bank credit line for key industrial enterprises, high-tech enterprises, well-known brand enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises with great development potential, and at the same time appropriately reduce the loan interest rate for such enterprises.