1. Asset management theory: mainly studies how to rationally allocate the raised assets to different assets such as cash assets, securities investment, loans and fixed assets. The asset management theory of commercial banks takes asset management as the core. As early as 17 and 18 centuries, asset management became the principle followed by commercial banks. The asset management theory of commercial banks has experienced the evolution from commercial loan theory to asset transfer theory and expected return theory in turn.

2. Debt management theory: It came into being in the late 1950s and prevailed in the 1960s. Debt management theory focuses on liabilities, that is, borrowing funds to ensure liquidity, and actively creating liabilities to adjust debt structure, thereby increasing assets and income. According to this theory, banks do not need to establish multi-level liquidity reserve assets to maintain liquidity. Once there is a demand for funds, they can borrow from abroad, and as long as they can get loans, they can make profits by increasing loans. The theory of debt management has experienced three stages in history, from deposit theory to purchase theory and sales theory.

3. Asset-liability management theory: Since the mid-1970s, due to the sharp rise in market interest rates, the pressure of debt management on debt costs and operational risks is increasing, and commercial banks urgently need a new and more effective management guidance theory. At this time, computer technology has developed greatly and has been widely used in banking business and management. The concept of bank management has also changed gradually, from debt management to a higher level of systematic management-comprehensive management of assets and liabilities.