The situation and characteristics of the shortage of funds in enterprises According to our interviews and investigations on the shortage of funds in enterprises, the demand for funds in enterprises is quite large. At present, the capital shortage of enterprises is characterized by: 1, the fixed assets investment and construction progress is relatively fast, and enterprises need a lot of working capital, but some departments are particularly serious in arrears with the project funds, which directly affects the normal operation of enterprises. Doors should be distributed in industry, construction industry, real estate industry and transportation industry, and the requirements of bank mortgage and guarantee are high, so the amount of bank loans obtained by enterprises is far from meeting a large amount of capital demand. They hope that the financial department of Zhaotong City can provide various flexible loan services for enterprise financing, relax mortgages and guarantees appropriately, simplify loan procedures, and advance the loan approval time as much as possible. 2. The rising price of raw materials has increased the capital demand of enterprises. Due to the sharp rise in the prices of raw materials such as steel, gasoline, coal and chemicals, the demand for working capital of enterprises has risen sharply. At the same time, due to the shortage of funds, the capital chain between enterprises has been extended, new triangular debts have been formed, and the efficiency of capital utilization of enterprises has been reduced. 3. The scale of production and operation has expanded, and the demand for liquidity has increased. Some enterprises should have entered the stage of rapid development if they expanded their production scale, but because of the transformation, they occupied a lot of working capital, resulting in scarce production funds and unable to give full play to their capabilities. 4. Policy reasons make it more difficult for enterprises to raise funds. After the implementation of macro-control measures by the state, various commercial credit policies have been tightened, and the original loan plans of some enterprises have been frustrated or the loan amount has been reduced. For example, some enterprises have real estate and land as collateral, but because the undertaking bank is limited by the credit scale (the loan needs to be reported to the provincial bank for approval when it reaches a certain scale) or there is no loan index, the bank loan cannot be implemented. Second, the cause analysis of enterprise financing difficulties 1, quality of enterprise is not high, leading to financing difficulties. Because enterprises are basically small and medium-sized private enterprises, most of them are short-term and small-scale, and they are still in the primary stage of capital accumulation. There are many factors that are not conducive to financing: first, the scale of the enterprise is small, the foundation is poor, the product technology and equipment technology level are low, the competitiveness of the enterprise is not strong, and the growth is not obvious. Bank loans to such enterprises (especially those below 5 million yuan) are expensive and risky, and are basically not supported. Second, there are many irregularities in the management of most enterprises, such as imperfect financial system, distorted disclosure of financial information, dishonesty in repaying loans, lack of credit awareness of individual enterprises, and low credit rating of enterprises. Third, the enterprise's own assets are insufficient, the assets available for mortgage are few, and it is difficult to obtain bank loans because of the lack of sufficient effective mortgage assets. Fourth, some enterprises don't understand the bank lending procedures and lack the necessary financing knowledge, thinking that they can get bank loans with assets, and only when they are in urgent need of funds do they think of applying for loans from banks. Although the bank is very supportive, it cannot meet the requirements of enterprises in time. 2. The management system and policy reasons of state-owned commercial banks have aggravated the financing difficulties of enterprises. With the reform of the credit management system of state-owned commercial banks, credit management authority is generally centralized, intensive management is implemented, and funds are concentrated in big cities, large enterprises and large projects. The strict control of the financial sector on the credit policy has aggravated the difficulty of loans for enterprises in our city, causing some enterprises to have real estate and land as collateral, but the undertaking banks are limited by the credit scale and loan indicators and cannot implement bank loans. State-owned banks bear different responsibilities for the loan risks of enterprises with different ownership. According to the current policy requirements, the government assumes "unlimited responsibility" for large state-owned enterprises and "subsidizes" the losses or bankruptcies of state-owned enterprises, but the sluggish accounts of private small and medium-sized enterprises with various economic sectors are not included in the scope of write-off. Loans for private small and medium-sized enterprises are mainly short-term working capital loans, which have the characteristics of urgency, frequency and smallness. However, the credit operation process of state-owned commercial banks is long and there are many procedures, which are not suitable for the characteristics of flexible operation and rapid capital turnover of private small and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, state-owned commercial banks' loans to private small and medium-sized enterprises still have some problems, such as high transaction cost, low income, asymmetric information and difficult supervision of capital use. Rural credit cooperatives spread all over urban and rural areas, due to the lack of strong national credit and policy support, good financing conditions and risk compensation mechanism for capital flow, directly bear the loan risks, and their support for corporate loans is very limited. 3. The direct financing channels of enterprises are narrow. At present, except for four state-owned commercial banks and a rural credit cooperative, other forms of commercial banks registered in our city are still a blank spot. At the same time, due to the small scale of some enterprises, the asset quality can not meet the requirements, and there are no listed financing and debt financing enterprises at home and abroad, which determines the narrow financing channels for enterprises. At present, the only financing channel for enterprises is through equity financing and private high-interest fund-raising, but high-interest fund-raising lacks the necessary legal protection. Therefore, most enterprises have great risks and difficulties in direct financing. 4. The credit evaluation system is not perfect. Judging from the enterprise credit evaluation system, the marketization degree of its evaluation conclusion and the openness degree of credit data are low, lacking authority and universality. The lack of corresponding credit management laws and regulations and the establishment of an independent, complete and scientific credit investigation and evaluation system have led to the failure to evaluate the credit status of enterprises scientifically, reasonably and fairly on the one hand, and the failure of the market to play a role in rewarding and punishing the credit status of enterprises on the other hand, and enterprises lack the initiative to strengthen credit construction. Three. Countermeasures and suggestions to alleviate the shortage of funds and financing difficulties of enterprises In recent years, the government has actively tried its best to provide financing services for enterprises. Enterprises need it and welcome it, but in fact they have done a lot of work and the effect is not obvious. The financial sector hopes that the comprehensive quality and economic benefits of enterprises will be stronger and the financing risk will be smaller, while enterprises hope that the government and the financial sector will make new breakthroughs in ways and channels to help finance and effectively provide necessary and more financial support for enterprises' investment and production. 1. Further improve the development level of enterprises, strengthen borrowing capacity and alleviate the shortage of funds. Enterprises should enhance their self-development ability, speed up product technology upgrading, strengthen enterprise management, and actively build their own financing platform. First, optimize the allocation of resources, strengthen the technological development and innovation of enterprises, adjust the product structure, adopt the development model of "fine, specialized, special and new", and strive to change the vicious competition phenomenon of overcapacity and repeated low prices in the industry, establish brand awareness, build enterprise brands and enhance enterprise market competitiveness. Second, enterprises should standardize their governance structure and financial system, attract external capital through cooperation, joint venture, equity participation and fund-raising, and effectively solve the problem of insufficient funds of enterprises themselves. The third is to revitalize existing assets and improve the management level of enterprises. Starting from establishing and perfecting rules and regulations, focusing on cost management and capital occupation, we will increase sales and debt settlement, reduce the capital occupation of accounts receivable and finished products, revitalize existing assets, and improve the efficiency of enterprise capital operation. The fourth is to promote the construction of corporate integrity, make timely repayment, not deliberately default on debts, not make false accounts, and disclose real financial and accounting information to investors in a timely manner. 2. Strengthen and improve the enterprise financing system, improve the enterprise financing environment (1), change ideas and improve services. In addition to actively communicating with the financial sector to win support, the financial sector in city of hope actively investigates and understands the development of enterprises and the demand for funds, and gives ideas and solutions for enterprise financing. (2) Strengthen the construction of enterprise credit rating evaluation system and improve the credit evaluation system. Establish a credit rating agency composed of relevant departments and experts of the municipal government, and the agency will entrust an intermediary rating agency to conduct enterprise credit rating through public bidding. Relevant departments should actively cooperate. Enterprise credit rating is divided into three grades: AAA, AA and A. The results of enterprise credit rating are published in the media as a reference for lending to financial institutions. Financial institutions give certain credit loans and credit guarantees according to the credit rating of enterprises. 3. It is suggested that the government strengthen macro-control, increase credit support, reverse the current shortage situation, conscientiously implement various policies of the state to support enterprise development, fully understand the importance of enterprises in diversifying loan risks, increasing employment and promoting local economic development, and actively support the credit demand of enterprises with good product quality, marketable products and good operating performance. (1) The government should set up special funds to promote the construction of enterprise financing system, actively cooperate with relevant departments to solve the problem of arrears of project funds and solve the worries of enterprises. It is suggested that the municipal finance should arrange certain enterprise support funds in its annual budget for enterprise credit evaluation, financing guarantee, special loans and other service system construction projects and risk compensation awards. Establish an incentive mechanism for urban financial institutions to support corporate loans. Set up special loans for enterprises to solve the financing difficulties of enterprises. (2) All financial institutions should effectively improve their services and increase financial credit business. Banks should strengthen settlement management, rectify settlement order, implement a unified settlement system, curb selfish departmentalism, break mutual blockade and improve services. The second is to strengthen the investigation and loan supervision of enterprises, keep abreast of the development of related enterprises, understand the use and demand of enterprise funds, and actively promote the coordinated development of the relationship between banks and enterprises. Third, strengthen the credit rating of enterprises and help them establish a credit system. Fourth, innovate the financial work mode, appropriately expand the scope of effective property mortgage, shorten the loan approval time, reduce the loan approval links, simplify the loan procedures, provide enterprises with various services such as settlement, remittance, transfer and financial consultation, revitalize the capital stock of enterprises, and strive to create an efficient, convenient and high-quality financial service environment. Provide all conveniences and a good investment environment for enterprise development. Ensure the sustained, rapid, healthy and orderly development of Zhaotong's economy on a larger scale and at a higher level.