Accrued expenses refer to the expenses that the enterprise withdraws in advance according to the regulations but has not actually paid. The new accounting standard for business enterprises cancels the accrued expenses, and collects the original accounting contents of accrued expenses into estimated liabilities, interest payable and other accounts payable. The accrued expenses mentioned in this paper are not accounting subjects, but their accounting contents.

Measurement principles of accounting and tax law

Article 9 of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises-Basic Standards stipulates that an enterprise shall carry out accounting recognition, measurement and reporting on the basis of accrual basis. Article 8 of the Enterprise Income Tax Law stipulates that reasonable expenses actually incurred by an enterprise, including costs, expenses, taxes, losses and other expenses, are allowed to be deducted when calculating taxable income. It shows that the tax law does not allow enterprises to deduct the related expenses and liabilities accrued according to the principle of prudence before tax, but only when they actually occur, such as the accrued after-sales service expenses. Article 9 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Enterprise Income Tax Law stipulates that the calculation of taxable income of enterprises is based on accrual basis and belongs to the income and expenses of the current period, regardless of whether the money is received or not. The income and expenses that do not belong to this period, even if the money has been received and paid in this period, are not regarded as the income and expenses of this period. Explain that some expenses have been confirmed and not yet paid, but they are allowed to be deducted according to the accrual basis principle, such as accrued interest.

Under the premise of continuous operation, enterprises generally adopt accrual accounting, and institutions and administrative organs adopt cash accounting. In principle, tax law also adopts accrual basis when confirming taxable income, but it is not entirely accrual basis, and to some extent, it retains cash basis. These differences between tax law and accounting can be ignored in the daily income tax prepayment declaration, but they must be adjusted in the year-end annual declaration. Starting with the "accrued expenses", the author explains how to make tax adjustment when the enterprise declares annually.

Bank loan interest can be deducted before tax.

The bank loan interest actually accrued by the enterprise is included in the financial expenses and interest payable in the accounting, which belongs to the actual expenses and liabilities and can be deducted before tax according to the accrual principle.

For example, on 20110, Enterprise A signs a loan with a bank, and the contract stipulates that interest shall be paid quarterly. In 20 1 10, enterprise A * * accrued loan interest of 30,000 yuan, which was included in financial expenses. According to the contract, the interest should be paid on 2012,65438.

Accrued waste expenses can be deducted before tax.

The "Guidelines for the Application of Accounting Standards for Enterprises No.4-Fixed Assets" stipulates the abandonment cost of fixed assets, that is, the so-called abandonment cost, which refers to the expenses determined by enterprises to fulfill their obligations such as environmental protection and ecological restoration in accordance with the provisions of national laws, administrative regulations and international conventions. The amount that should be included in the cost of fixed assets and the corresponding estimated liabilities should be determined in accordance with the provisions of the "Accounting Standards for Enterprises No.65438 +03-Contingencies". The cost of oil and gas assets abandonment shall be handled in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No.27-Oil and Gas Exploitation and its application guidelines.

Article 45 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Enterprise Income Tax Law stipulates that enterprises with special funds such as environmental protection and ecological restoration are allowed to deduct them in accordance with the relevant provisions of laws and administrative regulations, and the above-mentioned special funds may not be deducted if they change their use after extraction.

For example, with the approval of the state, Company A was completed and put into use on February 3, 20 1 year, with a project cost of 25 billion yuan and an estimated service life of 40 years. According to the law, the project will have a certain impact on the local ecological environment, and the company should dismantle the facility after the expiration and rectify the pollution caused. The estimated waste cost is 2.5 billion yuan, the discount rate is 10%, and the present value coefficient is 0.022 1. The present value of waste cost is 2.5 billion× 0.0221= 5525 (ten thousand yuan).

According to the above regulations, the abandonment fee of 55.25 million yuan accrued by Company A is allowed to be included in the tax basis of fixed assets, and depreciation expenses will be deducted before tax in the future use. If there is no basis of relevant laws and regulations for the fixed assets abandonment fees accrued by the above-mentioned enterprises, they cannot be deducted before tax.

The accrued after-sales service fee cannot be deducted before tax.

According to contingent criteria, due to the principle of prudence, when the estimated cost of providing after-sales service for sold goods meets the recognition conditions of estimated liabilities, it should be recognized as current sales expenses and estimated liabilities at the same time. According to Article 8 of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, expenses related to selling products shall be deducted before tax when incurred.

For example, Company A sold 1110,000 mobile phones every year. According to the accrual basis and the principle of prudence, the after-sales service fee is accrued for every 30 yuan at the end of the year, and the sales fee is accrued for 30 million yuan. When the maintenance service actually occurs in the next year, it will offset the estimated liabilities. Then the sales expense of 30 million yuan accrued by Company A should be increased or decreased at the time of settlement.

According to the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No.65438 +03- Contingencies, the expected liabilities such as pending litigation, loss contract, reorganization and compensation for the termination of labor relations with employees that have not occurred at the end of the year are all uncertain expenses, which are not recognized by the tax law and need to be adjusted in the final settlement.

The accrued wages, welfare funds and trade union funds shall not be deducted before tax.

According to Article 8 of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, employees' wages, welfare expenses and trade union funds should be deducted when actually incurred, and the expenses allowed to be deducted before tax must be the part actually incurred by the enterprise. The trade union funds that have been accrued in the book but have not actually occurred shall not be deducted before tax in the tax year, and the pre-tax deduction of welfare funds and trade union funds shall not exceed the limit. If there is a balance in the employee's salary payable at the end of the year, it means that the accrued expenses have not been paid, and the tax should be adjusted and turned back when it is actually paid in the next year. In practice, wages, welfare funds and trade union funds accrued by enterprises every month are generally deducted. Because enterprises usually pay last month's salary this month, they only need to adjust the unpaid part at the end of the year, which will not affect the measurement of corporate income tax for the whole year.

For example, enterprise A withheld salary in February 20165438100000 yuan, and the year-end bonus was 500000 yuan, which has not been paid yet, but was paid in June 20 12. Then, when the final settlement is made, the tax payable of 20 1 1 will be increased by 1.5 million yuan, and the tax will be reduced when 20 12 is issued.

The rent paid in advance cannot be deducted before tax.

According to Article 9 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, the income and expenses that do not belong to the current period, even if the money has been received and paid in the current period, are not regarded as the income and expenses of the current period. Except as otherwise provided by this Ordinance and the competent departments of finance and taxation of the State Council. The rent paid in advance for the next year should be included in the cost of the next year, and it is not allowed to be deducted before tax in this year. Of course, the tax law is the same as the accounting regulations here, and enterprises only need to conduct accounting according to the requirements of accounting standards. If there is an error in accounting and the rent paid in advance in the next year is included in the current month's expenses, it is necessary to correct the accounting error and adjust the tax.

If the office building of enterprise A is rented, the rent of 20 1 12 is 1.2 million yuan according to the lease contract. Then, the rental fee of1.20,000 yuan should be recognized as the fee of 20 12 years by stages according to the accrual basis principle, and it is not allowed to be deducted in 20 1 1 year.

Unapproved reserve expenditure cannot be deducted before tax.

According to Article 10 of the Enterprise Income Tax Law and Article 55 of the Implementation Regulations, all assets impairment losses (including inventory depreciation reserve, fixed assets impairment reserve, long-term equity investment impairment reserve, investment real estate impairment reserve, intangible assets impairment reserve, construction in progress, etc.). ) and bad debt reserves accrued by enterprises according to accounting standards (except financial and insurance institutions) are not allowed to be deducted before tax, and tax adjustment should be made when final settlement is made.