At present, there is no official identification standard for small and micro enterprises, but it is generally believed in the industry that small enterprises, micro enterprises, family-run enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households can all be collectively referred to as small and micro enterprises, and in terms of total assets, industrial enterprises do not exceed 30 million yuan, and other enterprises do not exceed100000 yuan. It can be seen that the capital demand of small and micro enterprises is relatively limited, usually less than 3 million yuan, while the vast majority of the capital demand is concentrated in 2 million to 2 million, thus adapting to the actual situation of many small and medium-sized commercial banks in terms of capital scale.
2. The time of capital demand is urgent and the cycle is short.
Because most small and micro enterprises are concentrated in some fields such as processing and manufacturing, trade and circulation, small and micro enterprises often use funds for raw material purchase, capital turnover, engineering padding and expanding production scale. Therefore, small and micro enterprises urgently need funds first, especially in the purchase of raw materials. Because the market fluctuates greatly, it is often "one price a day". If they miss the opportunity to buy, they may have to bear a higher cost of capital. Secondly, the cycle is short. Because the purpose of small and micro enterprise loans is often relatively simple, most of the time is used for turnover, and the cycle of their own business plans is often short, so the cycle of capital demand is often short.
3. Weak support ability.
Most small and micro enterprises are still in a weak position in the market, not only because of their small scale of operation, but also because of their limited fixed assets, especially some small and micro enterprises in the early stage of entrepreneurship, which are often stretched. Therefore, in the process of small and micro enterprises applying for loans from commercial banks, if commercial banks provide pledged loans, there will often be no effective collateral. This is also an important factor that causes many small and micro enterprises to face "difficulties in accessing and doing things" when facing commercial banks.
4. Characteristics of small and micro business owners.
Because small and micro enterprises are mainly distributed in traditional processing and manufacturing, retail and catering industries, the average education level of small and micro enterprise owners is not too high, and the average age is mostly 35-55 years old, so the related financial literacy, including risk awareness and compliance awareness, has certain limitations, and some small and micro enterprise owners have weak credit awareness. However, under the current market background, as long as most small and micro enterprises can adhere to the correct market positioning and adhere to the business creed of honesty and trustworthiness, there is still great room for growth. In addition, the credit scale of small and micro enterprises is not large, so the repayment ability of small and micro enterprise owners is still relatively optimistic. As a commercial bank, it should take precautions against risks according to the characteristics of small and micro business owners.
5. Small and micro enterprises are "multi-faceted"
Small and micro enterprises are different from large enterprises. Large enterprises often occupy a large area in an industrial park or business district, forming a landmark or a monopoly party and becoming a market subject with great physical goals. Small and micro enterprises are composed of small enterprises, family workshop enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, so the distribution of small and micro enterprises is relatively large and wide. For example, many processing and manufacturing small and micro enterprises are scattered in industrial parks, villages, urban-rural junctions and other places; For example, many individual industrial and commercial households are scattered in communities, streets, business districts and other places, which are not only scattered, but also small in scale and difficult to find. As a result, it is often difficult for many commercial banks to determine the target customers in the process of actively marketing small and micro enterprises, thus increasing the obstacles to the service docking between small and micro enterprises and commercial banks.