I. Economic aspects

1. Young crops law: When crops are not harvested in February and May every year, the government will give farmers loans and grain loans with interest of two or three cents every six months, which will be returned with summer and autumn taxes respectively.

2. Support service law (also called exemption service law): The government will hire people to undertake obligations, instead of households taking turns to undertake them. Private households who are unwilling to undertake obligations pay a certain amount of money according to their wealth, which is called exemption service money. Bureaucratic landlords are no exception.

3. Land equalization law: order the whole country to clean up the land, verify the land owner, and divide the land into five grades according to the soil quality as the basis for collecting land tax.

4. Farmland Water Conservancy Law: Land reclamation and water conservancy construction are encouraged. The cost of water conservancy construction is funded by local residents according to the level of wealth, and loans can also be made to state and county governments.

E-commerce: set up e-commerce in Tokyo, pay for unsalable goods, and then sell them when the market is in short supply.

6. Equal loss method: set up a shipping agent to master the production situation of Southeast Sixth Road and the needs of the government and the imperial court, and purchase and transport in a unified way according to the principle of "moving expensive and using near easy".

Second, the military aspect.

1, garbo law: rural households are compiled, ten households are guaranteed, and households with two or more households choose one, and they are concentrated during the slack season and receive military training.

2. Art of War: Rectify the Xiang Army and the Imperial Army, and stipulate that soldiers must retire after the age of 50. In the trial, those who failed the imperial army were changed to Xiang army, and those who failed Xiang army were changed to citizens.

3. Sun Tzu's Art of War: Abolish the garrison law enacted in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, and divide the various garrisons into several units through gradual advancement. Each post will be equipped with an assistant general, who will be responsible for the unit's military training and improve the quality of the troops.

4. Horse Protection Law: The horse was initially supervised by the government, but it was raised by the Jiabao family. The Jiabao family voluntarily raises horses, which can be supervised by the government, can also pay for themselves, and can be exempted from some taxes. It was soon abolished and turned to the system of people grazing.

5. Military Equipment Supervision Law: Supervise the manufacture of weapons, strictly manage and improve the quality of weapons.

Third, employment.

1. Reform the imperial examination system: promulgate the tribute law and abolish the Ming Classics, while the Jinshi examination focuses on Confucian Classics and Strategy Theory, and add legal subjects.

2. Reorganize the business school: implement the three-shed system of business school, which is divided into three classes: upper, middle and lower classes. Replace the imperial examination with the daily examination of the school, and those who have excellent grades can directly serve as officials without passing the imperial examination; Ascending the bureau of classics and righteousness, compiling classics and compiling new meanings of three classics; Set up martial arts, medicine and law colleges to train specialized personnel.

3. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude: Pay attention to the promotion and appointment of middle and lower-level officials, so that many lower-level officials and lower-level literati get opportunities to give full play to their talents.

Extended data

The Influence of "Wang Anshi's Political Reform"

I. Positive impact

1, the government's fiscal revenue has increased substantially. Through the implementation of a series of new fiscal management laws, the state has increased new fiscal revenue items such as "young crops money", "idle surplus money" and "easy money in the city". On the basis of developing production and sharing taxes, the fiscal revenue has increased substantially and the national treasury is abundant.

2. The new law has restrained the merger power of powerful landlords to a certain extent, and the young crop law has replaced the usury of dominant households, limiting the exploitation of farmers by usury; The average land tax law limits the hidden tax evasion of bureaucratic landlords, and the market change law nationalizes part of the commercial profits monopolized by big businessmen, which combats the manipulation of the market by big businessmen. The implementation of the monopoly exemption law reduces the tax exploitation suffered by farmers.

3. Vigorously building irrigation and water conservancy has played a great role in the development of agricultural production, and social and economic development has reduced the burden on the people, showing a once-in-a-century prosperity.

4. The reform eased the weak situation, strengthened the national strength of the Northern Song Dynasty, and reversed the passive situation of the northwest frontier defense.

Second, the negative impact.

1, the phenomenon that the new law harms the people has appeared. On the guiding ideology of political reform, Wang Anshi emphasized seeking to open up financial resources and obtain as much national fiscal revenue as possible, which violated the objective economic laws and led to the enrichment of the country and the poverty.

2. The political reform at that time also caused the consequences of disturbing the people and harming the people. According to history, when the exemption law came out, people complained bitterly. Even small businesses such as fetching water, cutting hair and selling tea are not allowed to operate without paying immunity. Taxes ask vendors for city interest, and the tax amount is more than that of the capital. Some businessmen even fight for their lives.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Wang Anshi's Reform (Chinese Historical Event)