In today's world, banks are the largest and most advanced computer users, whether in developed or developing countries, or in developed or backward areas. Today, the banking industry is facing a new revolution.
For bank customers, traffic jams, queues and rushing to the bank are quite troublesome; For banks, due to large investment, many employees, complex organization, huge management costs and increasing pressure. As far as the rapidly developing information society is concerned, online shopping, consumption and other activities will inevitably face problems such as online payment.
Therefore, banks must seize the opportunity, keep up with the trend of the times and meet the needs of different service types, especially online services.
1995 5438+00 In June, Citibank of the United States took the lead in establishing a website on the Internet, which triggered the networking upsurge of global banks, and the embryonic form of virtual banks was faintly visible.
As a banking giant, Citibank has 200 billion dollars of property, tens of thousands of employees and countless customers, which is beyond the reach of ordinary small banks. However, with the internet, the situation is very different.
Citibank's position comes from its branches around the world. Generally speaking, a bank needs1-200 million yuan to open a branch.
But if you want to open a bank online, you only need a few advanced personal computers or workstations, some communication equipment and a lot of software. Theoretically, every Internet site is its sub-station. In a blink of an eye, you can open branches all over the world, even to the moon and even the Mir space station.
Citibank's position also comes from its towering skyscrapers and well-defined bureaucracy. Within this giant, there are counter staff, loan brokers, district directors, real estate managers, auditors, mortgage review committees and various vice presidents. Online banking does not need high-rise buildings or business halls, a website and a home screen, and 30 to 50 people can operate it. The organization of banks has been virtualized.
Citibank consolidated its huge position by opening its online website.
Almost at the same time, the world's first online bank-First Securities Bank of America (SFNB) was formally established, which marked the arrival of a new era of banking and finance. The website of SFNB is that as long as you enter this address in the computer, the screen will show the picture of the traditional bank business hall, which has windows such as account setting, customer service, personal finance, information inquiry and president, and you can get the required services with a click of the mouse.
As we all know, the traditional banking business mainly strengthens its strength through its branches and business outlets. Banks must set up savings outlets in various places, each outlet needs to be equipped with a certain number of employees, and customers must complete savings, bookkeeping and credit cards and other related businesses through the counter. Online banking is completely different. Allows you to handle deposits, agreements, transfers, bills and other businesses without leaving home, and is open all day.
Security first online banking has won a large number of customers in a short time, covering 50 States in the United States, with only 10 employees. Its appearance has attracted great attention from the international media. It is generally believed that using the Internet has become a way of life for young people. If banks want to catch a new generation of customers, they will eventually have to put their services on the Internet. Some people even earnestly warned the banking industry that with the increasing popularity of computers, the demand for electronic funds is bound to rise, and the traditional banking operation mode will be eliminated. In fact, many commercial banks in the world provide internet services to their customers, and the number of online banking websites has increased rapidly, with a preliminary estimate of nearly 2,000. Several financial institutions mainly in Asia have been cooperating with IBM to establish and standardize e-commerce and banking service systems. This alliance organization called Interactive Financial Services provides electronic services for enterprises and individual consumers on the platform of IBM's global network. The alliance consists of Visa, St George's Bank of Australia, Royal Bank of Canada, Bank of Western Australia, Indonesian Infomas Group and kookmin bank. Its goal is to establish an open platform for developing compatible services. Customers will be able to use the platform to access various banking services, such as balance inquiry, fund transfer and electronic bill payment.
Bank of Taiwan moves frequently, and more than 20 banks, including Yushan Bank, China CITIC Bank, Fubon Bank, Taixin Bank and First Bank, have been launched one after another. Several banks in Hong Kong have successively launched Internet services. Domestic banks in China are also trying online services.
China already has the foundation and necessary experience to open online banking. As early as 1980s, China's banking industry introduced computer systems on a large scale, and almost all city banks and savings offices have used computers to handle their business. At present, China's financial banks have basically computerized deposit, loan, agency, settlement, ATM, POS, credit card, settlement in the same domain and settlement in different places. The electronic level of China Bank and Bank of Communications reached 100%, China Construction Bank reached 90%, Industrial and Commercial Bank reached 85%, and Agricultural Bank reached 80%. Compared with the traditional financial management, it has been able to initially establish a vault in the computer, store banknotes in the database, and the funds flow in the computer network.
In particular, China's bank card project has developed well, and the opening of bank card network and the access of Peony Card, Pacific Card, Jinsui Card, Dragon Card and Great Wall Card indicate that China's e-finance is moving towards a higher level.
1At the end of 1999, China Merchants Bank Wuhan Branch launched the first online corporate bank in China. With the help of the Internet, users can complete a series of businesses that used to need to "run the bank", such as account inquiry and fund transfer, with the click of a mouse.
The emergence of online enterprise bank enables enterprises to enjoy a number of financial services without leaving home, conduct timely and flexible account inquiry, invest and manage wealth, inquire account balance, grasp the current and historical transactions, and easily handle large-sum payment and salary payment business. The insiders believe that online enterprise banks have completely broken through the time and geographical restrictions, which has provided great convenience for financial management and self-financing of enterprises, which is equivalent to moving banks to corporate offices. In order to ensure the safety of customers' funds, China Merchants Bank conducted a small-scale experiment for more than a year, and finally successfully realized the function of online credit voucher, which better solved the payment problem in e-commerce activities between enterprises. At present, China Merchants Bank Wuhan Branch has more than 20 online customers with a transaction volume of more than 4 million yuan.
It can be predicted that China will soon launch an online bank that represents the highest level in the field of financial technology in the world today.
Due to various factors, online banking in the full sense has not appeared in China, but some traditional functions of banks try to go online first.
Bank of China online banking provides services such as the Great Wall Card, enterprise group service and credit card payment. Users who enjoy the credit card service can check the balance and transactions in their Great Wall card accounts and pay the fees to the merchants designated by the bank. Company users can query the balance, remittance and transaction information of accounts of the company and its subsidiaries through enterprise group services. The main service target of credit card payment service is the cardholders of the Great Wall Card of Bank of China, who must pay the fees of various social services regularly. From the end of 1996, Bank of China began to cooperate with two ISPs in Beijing for online transactions. 1March 1998, the first online electronic transaction in China was successful.
At present, the main services of China Merchants Bank include: service outlets inquiry, online inquiry of China Merchants Bank outlets; Family bank, users can open an ordinary account-cartoon account, and enjoy services such as inquiring account balance, inquiring current day's transactions, historical transactions, inquiring cartoon account information, and modifying passwords. Real-time stock market inquiry, online banking of China Merchants Bank publishes real-time stock market, including stocks, bonds and funds of Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange; Interest rate and exchange rate query, users can query the bank's savings interest rates in different currencies and different deposit periods on the same day and the foreign exchange rate at that time.
In order to promote the Longka business, China Construction Bank and Beijing Online cooperated to build the Longka website of China Construction Bank. Its main contents include the application and use of Longka, the distribution of outlets and specialty shops, and the daily updated exchange rate and interest rate inquiry.
Online banking and online banking are both virtual banks, which are banks opened online by using digital virtual reality technology. Virtual banks are virtual in form, real in content and more functional than traditional banks.
Online banking can bring many benefits to all parties involved in online commerce, including banks, users and merchants. For banks, online banking has won millions of customers while reducing the number of fixed outlets and operating costs. The online banking client is composed of standard PC and browser, which is easy to maintain. Online e-mail communication is flexible, convenient and fast, which facilitates the communication between users and banks and within banks. For users, they can enjoy uninterrupted service 24 hours a day, seven days a week, regardless of time and space constraints. You can visit banks that provide online services anywhere in the world.
The outstanding feature of online banking is the virtualization of trading means. Virtual bank has realized paperless transaction, paperless business and paperless office. All bills and documents used by traditional banks are completely electronic, such as electronic checks, electronic money orders and electronic receipts. Paper money is no longer used here, but electronic money, that is, virtual money, such as electronic wallet, electronic credit card, electronic cash, safe change and so on. All bank documents and office documents are completely turned into electronic documents, electronic bills and receipts, and the signatures are also digital signatures. The transmission of paper bills and various written documents between banks and customers is no longer through mail, but through computers and data communication networks, and through electronic data interchange (EDI). It takes only a few seconds to transfer a large amount of funds to all parts of the country or even the world, which was unimaginable in the past.
At present, online banking has different business levels, but generally includes the following services:
Information service. This is the most important way for banks to use the Internet at present. Many large international banks have established their own dedicated market customer information systems on the basis of existing customer information to promote customized financial products and services for specific customer groups. Information services in the form of WWW and E-mail on the Internet have low cost and good effect.
Intermediate service. Online banking provides a large number of intermediary services, such as inquiry of various financial transactions, including account balance inquiry, market quotation inquiry, investment consultant consultation, etc.
Computers greatly improve the degree of office automation, which not only benefits the financial industry, but also provides comprehensive services. Real online banking in the world, such as Safe First Online Banking, can provide customers with comprehensive and reliable banking services, such as account opening and fund transfer. Here, let's take a look at the account opening of online banking. Customers only need to fill in an electronic bank account opening form on the network screen, type in their own name, address, contact number, account opening amount and other basic information, and send it to the bank, print out the account opening form with a printer, sign their name and send it to the bank together with the deposit invoice. In a few days, customers will receive a bank card of online banking. Users can use it to withdraw money or deposit money at ATMs in banks, and it can also be used to settle water, electricity, gas, telephone and rent. More conveniently, it can be used to pay for online shopping.