1. Development performance: China used shellfish and other natural objects as currency as early as Shang Dynasty. In the 11th century BC, ancient Egypt began to use copper and silver as money. From the 8th century BC to the 7th century BC, metal coins appeared in Asia Minor.

2. Function: The birth of money is of great significance to human social life. As a universal equivalent to measure the value of commodities, it facilitates the exchange and circulation of commodities and becomes a symbol of wealth. Money promotes the transformation of the function of business from the initial complementary surplus to profit-seeking and wealth-increasing.

3. Credit in the two river basins: from 22nd century BC to 21st century BC, merchants engaged in lending appeared in the two river basins, and temples and courts also engaged in lending business.

4. ancient Egypt: from 16th century BC to 11th century BC, relatively complete loan contracts appeared in ancient Egypt. Lending behavior must have a witness, but also perform procedures such as guarantee, which is protected by law.

5. Ancient Greece: In the 4th century BC, the commerce in ancient Greece developed rapidly, and the currency circulation scope was constantly expanding. The currency management industry specializing in currency exchange, custody and exchange began to rise, and the embryonic form of bills of exchange appeared.

6. China: There have been records of loan disputes in The Rites of Zhou. In the spring and autumn period, the form of physical lending has become more common, and monetary credit has appeared. The credit business in the Tang Dynasty developed from deposit and loan to exchange, and there appeared flying money similar to modern bills of exchange. In the Song Dynasty, banknotes such as Jiaozi and Huizi began to be used, gradually replacing many foreign exchange businesses. After the mid-Ming Dynasty, new financial institutions such as money shops prevailed. In the Qing Dynasty, in addition to the traditional lending relationship, capital lending also developed significantly, and there was a promissory note.