12 SME financing methods mainly include the following:

I. Comprehensive Credit Granting

In other words, banks grant certain credit lines to some enterprises with good operating conditions and reliable credit, and enterprises can recycle them within the validity period and credit line. The comprehensive credit line shall be declared by the enterprise at one time and approved by the bank at one time.

Enterprises can use this money by stages according to their own operating conditions, and enterprise loans are very convenient and save financing costs. Banks provide loans in this way, generally for enterprises in industrial and commercial registration that have passed the annual inspection, are well-run, have a reliable reputation and have long-term cooperative relations with banks.

Second, the credit guarantee loan

In 3 1 provinces and cities, more than 100 cities have established credit guarantee institutions for SMEs. Most of these institutions implement the form of membership management, which belongs to public service, industry self-discipline and self-non-profit organizations. The source of the guarantee fund is generally funded by the local government, and members voluntarily pay the membership fund.

Social fund-raising and commercial bank funds. When the enterprise cannot provide the guarantee measures acceptable to the bank, such as mortgage, pledge or third-party credit guarantor, the guarantee company can solve these problems.

Third, the buyer's loan

If an enterprise has a reliable market for its products, but its own capital is insufficient and its financial management foundation is poor, and it is difficult to provide collateral or seek third-party guarantee, the bank can provide loan support to the buyers of its products according to the sales contract.

The seller can collect a certain proportion of advance payment from the buyer to solve the financial difficulties in the production process. Or the buyer issues a bank acceptance bill, and the seller takes the bill to the bank for discount.

Fourth, joint cooperative loans in different places

Some small and medium-sized enterprises sell a wide range of products, or provide supporting parts for some large enterprises, or are loose subsidiaries of enterprise groups. In the process of producing cooperative products, it is necessary to supplement production funds, and you can seek a lead bank to provide loans to the group company in a unified way.

Then the group company provides the necessary funds for the cooperative enterprise, and the local bank cooperates with the contract supervision. It can also be jointly provided by the lead bank and the cooperative enterprise's banks in different places to provide loans respectively.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) project development loan

Some high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises can apply for project development loans from banks if they have major scientific and technological achievements transformation projects. The initial investment is relatively large and their own funds are unbearable.

Commercial banks will give active credit support to small and medium-sized enterprises with high-tech products or patent projects with mature technology and good market prospects, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises that use high-tech achievements to carry out technological transformation, so as to promote enterprises to accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

VI. Export loans

For enterprises that produce export products, banks can provide packaged loans according to export contracts or credit visas provided by importers. Enterprises with cash accounts can provide foreign exchange mortgage loans.

Enterprises with foreign exchange income sources can obtain RMB loans with proof of foreign exchange settlement. Enterprises with good export prospects can also borrow a certain amount of technical transformation loans.

Seven, natural person secured loans

In August, 2002, China Industrial and Commercial Bank took the lead in launching the secured loan business for natural persons. In the future, when domestic institutions of China Industrial and Commercial Bank handle the credit business of small and medium-sized enterprises with a term of less than 3 years, natural persons can provide property guarantee and bear the liability for compensation.

Natural person guarantee can take three ways: mortgage, pledge of rights and mortgage plus guarantee. Mortgage plus guarantee refers to the joint liability guarantee of the mortgagor on the basis of property mortgage. If the borrower fails to repay all the principal and interest of the loan on schedule or commits other breach of contract, the bank will require the guarantor to fulfill the guarantee obligation.

Eight, personal entrusted loans

Commercial banks such as China Construction Bank, Minsheng Bank and CITIC Industrial Bank have successively launched a new type of financing business-personal entrusted loans. That is, a loan that is entrusted by an individual to provide funds and issued, supervised, used and assisted by a commercial bank according to the loan object, purpose, amount, term and interest rate determined by the client.

Nine. Loans secured by intangible assets

According to the relevant provisions of the Guarantee Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), intangible assets such as trademark exclusive right, patent right and property right in copyright that can be transferred according to law can be used as loan pledge.

X. bill discount financing

Bill discount financing means that the holder transfers the commercial bill to the bank and obtains the funds after deducting the discount interest. In China, commercial paper mainly refers to bank acceptance bills and commercial acceptance bills. One advantage of this financing method is that banks do not lend money according to the asset size of enterprises, but according to market conditions (sales contracts).

XI。 finance lease

Financial leasing has become the second largest financing method of equipment investment in developed countries after bank credit. Financial leasing is a new financing method integrating credit, transaction and leasing, which is characterized by the separation of ownership and use right of the leased property.

After equipment users take a fancy to a certain equipment, they can entrust a financial leasing company to buy it, and then deliver the equipment to the enterprise in the form of leasing. The enterprise pays the rent within the contract period and finally owns the ownership of the equipment.

Twelve. Pawn financing

Pawn is a kind of financing method that takes physical objects as collateral and obtains temporary loans in the form of physical object ownership transfer. Compared with bank loans, pawn loans have high cost and small loan scale, but pawn also has incomparable advantages over bank loans.

Extended data

The financing problem of small and medium-sized enterprises has always been a difficult problem in China's economic development. By analyzing its restrictive factors, it can be attributed to external environmental factors and small and medium-sized enterprises' own factors, and the analysis of restrictive factors is the premise to solve the problem.

environmental factor

1, government factors

The social nature of China determines the degree to which the government attaches importance to state-owned enterprises. For a long time, the state's support policy has been inclined to large enterprises, but the support for small and medium-sized enterprises is not enough, which is the historical reason for the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Large enterprises can easily obtain funds in the capital market and money market, but the financing threshold of small and medium-sized enterprises has increased a lot accordingly, and small and medium-sized enterprises must pay higher costs to obtain loans.

2. Financial institution factors

The operating mechanism of bank financial institutions restricts the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. Under the impact of the financial crisis, governments all over the world have adopted the principle of prudence in order to effectively avoid the deeper harm caused by the financial crisis.

3. Elements of the credit guarantee system

The credit guarantee system of small and medium-sized enterprises is not perfect, there are few institutions providing loan guarantee for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the types and quantity of guarantee funds are far from meeting the demand. Private guarantee institutions are discriminated by ownership, so they can only bear the risk of secured loans alone, and cannot form a * * * commitment mechanism with cooperative banks.

4. Direct financing factors

The direct external financing of enterprises is mainly through equity financing by issuing stocks and bond financing by issuing corporate bonds. As far as equity financing is concerned, the threshold for listing is too high, which makes it impossible for most small and medium-sized enterprises to solve urgently needed funds in this way.

5, legal system factors

The survival and development of small and medium-sized enterprises have always lacked effective legal protection. Although a few laws, such as the Company Law and the Partnership Enterprise Law, have certain norms for SMEs, they have little protection for financing such as loans, guarantees and listing of SMEs.

Small and medium-sized enterprises' own factors

1, small and medium-sized quality of enterprise is low, and its credit status is poor.

The quality of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is generally not high, and a considerable part of them are urban and rural enterprises. Enterprises' weak technological innovation ability, lack of competitiveness and high market risk make banks and other financial institutions afraid to grant loans to them.

Small and medium-sized enterprises are mostly private enterprises or partnership enterprises, with backward management level, high operational risk, poor credit concept, imperfect financial system and opaque information, which makes financial institutions unable to grasp the loan risk of small and medium-sized enterprises and increases the lending risk.

2. SMEs lack collateral.

No matter what enterprises require loans or guarantees, they need collateral to provide guarantees. The only collateral of small and medium-sized enterprises is their limited and low-value land, real estate and machinery and equipment, and their scale also restricts the value of these collateral.

3. Small and medium-sized enterprises lack of talent

Small and medium-sized enterprises in China are mostly private enterprises. The quality of enterprise leaders is not high, and they lack modern management concepts and leadership. However, the development of enterprises requires managers to show foresight and advanced financing ideas, plan reasonable financing methods for enterprises, raise funds at lower financing costs, and meet the needs of enterprise development.