Note: This mainly refers to bank loans. As for other financing channels, you can find more answers from this book.
(1) Conditions for obtaining a loan
Generally speaking, small enterprises need to meet the following three basic conditions to obtain bank loans:
Have good credit;
Having the ability to repay the loan principal and interest;
Meet the requirements of bank loans, such as sound financial system, mortgage or guarantee.
Specifically, it includes: opening a basic account or general deposit account in a loan bank; Good credit record; Have the ability to repay the principal and interest on schedule; The asset-liability ratio meets the requirements of the bank; The foreign equity investment of limited liability companies and joint stock limited companies shall not exceed 50% of their net assets; When applying for medium and long-term loans, the proportion of the owner's equity of an enterprise as a legal person to the total investment required shall not be lower than the proportion of investment project capital stipulated by the state; To apply for a project loan, it is necessary to comply with the national industrial policy, credit policy and the bank's loan investment, and there are project approval documents; Can provide legal and effective guarantee.
Then, how to test whether your enterprise meets the basic conditions of loan (or credit)? You can use the following "loan condition self-evaluation form" to evaluate it, so as to help you judge whether you have the basic conditions for bank loans.
It should be noted that other credit businesses such as bill financing and opening letters of credit can also be evaluated accordingly; Different banks need different loan application conditions, according to the requirements of the loaned bank.
Loan (or credit) condition self-assessment form (example)
(B) practical skills of bank loans
1. Take precautions and take loans as an important consideration when choosing an account settlement bank.
Enterprises should consider the future loan demand when choosing an account bank, choose a bank that is easy for small enterprises to borrow, and take the main loan bank as the main business settlement bank.
2. Choose banks that attach importance to small business credit and have high loan efficiency.
At present, many banking institutions provide loans for small and medium-sized enterprises. Before making a loan, enterprises can learn more about and compare banks through official website, online comments, friends with loan experience and other channels, so as to examine the importance attached to small enterprises and the efficiency of loan approval.
3. Be diligent in asking questions and keep abreast of the policies, methods and channels of loans or financing.
4. Understand the relevant provisions, necessary conditions and procedures for applying for loans and guarantees in detail, and make a correct self-evaluation.
5. Understand and make full use of the state's support policies for small and medium-sized enterprises in time.
6. Usually "study hard" and take the initiative to establish a good bank-enterprise relationship with the bank.
7. Be good at demonstrating enterprise strength.
8. Use the "interpersonal network" in a timely manner.
9. Improve corporate credit.
10. Obtaining bank loans indirectly from microfinance companies.
(3) What does the enterprise credit evaluation mainly examine?
Enterprises need to carry out credit evaluation when applying for loans, guarantees, national innovation funds for small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises, striving for government procurement, supporting funds, discount interest support and other projects, as well as conducting business dealings between enterprises. Credit rating is generally divided into AAA, AA, A, BBB, BB and B from high to low. Banks and third-party credit evaluation agencies have different credit evaluation processes and standards, but generally speaking, they mainly examine the following aspects:
1. Enterprise operating conditions
2. Corporate governance and management level
3. Financial status of the enterprise
4. Enterprise credit record
(four) the loan process and the list of materials to be submitted (omitted)
The loan processing process is complex and there are many materials to be submitted, which makes many loan companies have a headache. To this end, we sorted out the contents of most bank loan processing procedures, and summarized the complete loan process from establishing a credit relationship with the bank to repaying the principal and interest according to the contract and the list of materials to be submitted, which can help you easily handle the loan. The specific process is as follows (the following contents are for reference only, subject to the requirements of the bank to be loaned):
1. Establish a credit relationship with the bank
2. Apply for a loan and submit relevant materials.
3. The bank conducts pre-loan investigation.
4. Banks review and approve loans.
Access to credit
6. Repay the principal and interest according to the contract requirements.
For more details, please read the Practical Handbook for Entrepreneurs (by He Jianxiang).