1, a bank, is a legally established financial institution engaged in monetary and credit business, and is the product of the development of commodity monetary economy to a certain stage.
Banks are one of the financial institutions. Banks are divided into central banks, policy banks, commercial banks, investment banks and the World Bank, with different responsibilities.
Central Bank: China People's Bank is the central bank of China.
State-owned policy banks: including The Export-Import Bank of China, China Agricultural Development Bank and China Development Bank.
State-owned commercial banks: including China Industrial and Commercial Bank, China Agricultural Bank, China Bank, China Construction Bank, China Postal Savings Bank and Bank of Communications.
Investment banks: including Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Citigroup, Wells Fargo, UBS Group AG, Societe Generale, etc.
World Bank: It is used to help countries overcome poverty. Various institutions play a unique role in alleviating poverty and improving living standards.
2. Banks are the product of the development of commodity monetary economy to a certain stage. Its production can be roughly divided into three stages:
The first stage: the emergence of money exchange industry and money changers.
The second stage: the business of currency custody and payment has been added, that is, the currency exchange industry has evolved into the currency management industry.
The third stage: concurrently engaged in currency custody, payment, settlement, lending and other businesses, at this time, the currency exchange industry will develop into banking.
3. The emergence and development of banks are related to the development of currency commodity economy, and the currency exchange industry in the pre-capitalist society is the basis for the formation of banking industry. At first, the money exchange industry only engaged in coin exchange business, and later kept money and collected cash on behalf of businessmen. In this way, exchange merchants gradually gathered a large amount of monetary funds. When money changers engage in lending business, money changers become banks.
The earliest banking industry originated from the currency exchange industry in ancient western Europe. At first, money changers only exchanged money for merchants. Later, they developed to keep money for merchants, receive and pay cash, and settle remittances, but they did not pay interest and charged storage fees and handling fees. With the development of industry and commerce, the business of money changers has further developed, and they have gathered a large amount of money.