(1) Relying on scientific and technological progress to develop high-yield, high-quality and efficient agriculture. 1989, 1992 the State Council.

Don't issue the "Decision on Revitalizing Agriculture by Relying on Scientific and Technological Progress and Strengthening the Popularization of Agricultural Scientific and Technological Achievements"

The decision to develop high-yield, high-quality and efficient agriculture requires all localities to vigorously strengthen the popularization of agricultural scientific and technological achievements and establish various

Various forms of agricultural technology extension service organizations encourage agricultural scientific research units and scientific and technological personnel to enter agriculture and rural areas.

Develop the main battlefield of commodity economy, and increase investment in science and technology in terms of funds.

The film "Opinions of the Central Committee and the State Council on Several Policies to Promote Farmers' Income Increase" also puts forward: "The Central Committee and

The annual growth rate of local finance's total investment in agriculture at or above the county level should be higher than the growth rate of its recurrent income.

Remote.

(2) Establish and improve the grain reserve system and manage the grain risk fund. Shortly after the founding of our country

The grain reserve began, but the main purpose of the reserve at that time was to prepare for war and famine. Until 1990, China Grain

In order to solve the problem of farmers' difficulty in selling grain, the state decided to establish a special grain reserve system in 199 1.

At the same time, establish a national special grain reserve system. Constructing a graded grain reserve system suitable for China's characteristics

On the positive side, the grain reserve system has played a positive role in resisting natural disasters and stabilizing prices. exist

In today's market-oriented reform, some experts believe that the content of the grain reserve system also needs innovation, that is, from "hiding"

The storage of grain has changed to the organic combination of "local storage of grain" and "storage of grain"

(3) adjust the structure of agricultural production

From the founding of New China to the end of 1960s, although agricultural production has made great progress, agriculture

The unreasonable internal structure of the industry has not been fundamentally improved. In the total agricultural output value 1978, crops

The proportion is as high as 76.7%. However, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery only account for 23.3%. The proportion of grain in the output value of crops.

The weight is as high as 76.7%, and cash crops and other crops only account for 23.39%. For this, 198 1 year, 1988, 1992.

1998, the government issued several documents, demanding the adjustment of agricultural production structure. With the support of the government. The agricultural production structure has been greatly improved.

Big adjustment.

Since the reform and opening up, agriculture in China has experienced 1979 ~

There are three stages of structural adjustment: 1984, 1985 ~ 199 1, 1992 ~ 1997. All three structural adjustments are in place.

In the stage of structural shortage of agricultural products, the direction of market demand is very strong, and the direction of structural adjustment is also very clear, that is, simple.

Increase the production of the most scarce agricultural products that can increase farmers' income. After more than 20 years of reform and development, China has

In 1990s, agriculture and rural economy entered a new stage of development. In 2000, rural areas in central China

The working meeting pointed out that the central task in the new stage is to strategically adjust the agricultural and rural economic structure.

2. Income support policy

(1) Establish a wholesale market for agricultural products. * * * Central Committee's circular on rural work 1984 points out that:

While continuing to run the farmer's market in big cities, we should establish a wholesale market for agricultural and sideline products in a planned way, if conditions permit.

Local governments should establish trading centers to communicate market information and organize futures trading. Therefore, all parts of the country have established

Agricultural and sideline products wholesale market, Zhengzhou grain wholesale market was established in June 1990, with the purpose of futures trading.

Up to now, there are three futures exchanges in Shanghai, Zhengzhou and Dalian in China, and * * * has eight agricultural futures varieties.

The establishment of agricultural products wholesale market has played a certain role in promoting the smooth circulation of agricultural products and avoiding transaction risks.

(2) Preferential policies for means of production. 1978 since the reform of rural economic system, agricultural students have been adopted by the state.

The policy of means of production mainly includes the policy of three links, the policy of maximum price of means of production and the policy of agricultural resources franchise. ① Three hanging

The linked policy is to distribute cheap fertilizer, diesel oil and advance payment according to the grain contract order task. ⑦ Production capital

The policy of maximum price of materials was implemented from 1993, that is, China should strictly implement the planned agricultural means of production.

Domestic pricing, in order to support agricultural production, preferential policies on prices, taxes and loans adopted by various localities continue to be implemented.

Conditional areas can be appropriately increased; In order to prevent the prices of agricultural means of production from rising, fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films,

Unplanned maximum price such as diesel oil; The losses incurred by the production enterprise in implementing the price limit shall be determined according to the affiliation of the enterprise.

The financial department can solve this problem by reducing or exempting taxes and profits or financial subsidies. (3) The exclusive policy of agricultural means of production, from 1994.

The main contents are as follows: the sales channels of chemical fertilizers are mainly agricultural companies at all levels and grass-roots supply and marketing cooperatives.

Other units and individuals are not allowed to operate fertilizer under the policy of three stations below the county level and fertilizer enterprises selling by themselves. will

The prices of agricultural materials are all included in the national management channels.

In addition, during this period, agricultural income support and protection policies included agricultural disasters and agricultural product sales.

Sales and inspection services, rural relief funds, work-based relief, food-based relief, agricultural tax relief, value-added tax on agricultural products.

Concessions, price subsidies for agricultural means of production, and preferential credit for "leading enterprises" in agricultural industrialization. this

The class policy is that the government guarantees agricultural production and farmers' basic livelihood through direct financial expenditure, and gives agriculture

Compensation for the direct interests of producers and operators. This expenditure is also increasing. After entering the 1990s,

The amount has increased substantially, averaging about 2 billion yuan per year.

3. Market price protection policy

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, there are roughly two domestic policies to protect food prices. Increase grain output

Grain purchase price and protection price.

(1) Increase the purchase price of grain. From 1979 to 1996, the state made efforts to ensure farmers' income and improve agriculture.

People's enthusiasm for growing grain has repeatedly raised the purchase price of grain, with the highest increase reaching more than 40%.

The second price increase gradually increased the grain price in China from lower than the international market price to higher than the international market price. lose

Lose the price advantage.

(2) insured price. 1in the middle of 1993, the central government and the State Council decided to order grain from 1994.

The implementation of "quantity and price integration", that is, the order quantity is reserved and the purchase price goes with the market. At the same time, the state also decided

We will implement the protective price purchase system and establish a grain risk fund and reserve system. The grain protection price is determined by the state according to agriculture

Industry production costs and grain supply and demand are determined once a year, and announced before the autumn sowing of grain. From 1998 capsules of "San"

Since the "one policy and one change", by June 2003, the market-oriented reform of the national grain circulation system has accelerated.

Development trend, more than half of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government have liberalized grain prices and purchase and sale markets. thorough

Most provinces and autonomous regions in the main producing areas and the balance areas of purchase and sale have also basically liberalized the grain purchase and sale market; Some major producing areas

Although the protective price acquisition is retained, the total amount control is implemented, that is, the number is capped and no longer "piecemeal acquisition".

(3) In the foreign trade of agricultural products, the export protection measures of agricultural products in China mainly include exchange rate and export.

Tax refund, export commodity development fund and risk fund, export credit, etc. ; Import restrictions are mainly non-tariff.

Trade barriers such as import quotas, anti-dumping and countervailing.