1. The signing of the first batch of unequal treaties such as the Opium War and the "Treaty of Nanjing" - began to degenerate into The Qing government signed the Treaty of Nanjing, the Five-Port Trade Charter, the Treaty of Humen, the Treaty of Wangxia, and the Treaty of Huangpu. The signing of this series of unequal treaties had a huge impact on Chinese society.

Politically, before the Opium War, China was an independent feudal country, and the Qing government exercised full sovereignty. After the Opium War, China's territorial, territorial waters, judicial, customs, trade and other sovereignty began to be severely damaged, and China began to lose its independent national status.

Economically, before the Opium War, China was a feudal country dominated by a self-sufficient natural economy. After the Opium War, Western capitalist countries took advantage of their privileges of aggression to frantically dump goods and plunder raw materials into China, gradually involving China in the world capitalist market, and the self-sufficient natural economy represented by small agriculture and cottage industry gradually disintegrated. . China began to degenerate into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

2. The Second Opium War and the signing of the "Tianjin Treaty", "Beijing Treaty", etc. - deepening

During the Second Opium War, Russia, the United States, Britain and France successively The Qing government was forced to sign a series of unequal treaties such as the Treaty of Tianjin and the Treaty of Beijing, which deepened China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal status.

Politically, the General Communist Party of China lost more than 1.5 million square kilometers of territory and sovereignty; with the establishment of the Prime Minister's Office in 1861, the Xinyou coup, and the Qing government's "borrowing lessons from Britain and France" in 1862 to suppress "As a sign, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty openly surrendered to foreign invaders and began to become their vassals and tools. Chinese and foreign reactionary forces openly colluded to suppress the resistance of the Chinese people.

Economically, foreign aggressive forces have expanded from the southeastern coast to China's coastal provinces and further penetrated into the mainland of China, which has greatly facilitated Western powers to dump goods and plunder raw materials and cheap labor, making it difficult for China to resist capitalism. The impact of national economic aggression was formally drawn into the world capitalist world market.

3. The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki - greatly deepened

In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, China was defeated and was forced to fight Japan signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki, which was humiliating and humiliating. The signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki brought serious harm to modern China:

First of all, the cession of large areas of territory such as Taiwan and the Penghu Islands further undermined China. Integration of sovereignty, this is a serious plunder of Chinese territory by Japan after Russia. It greatly stimulated the ambitions of the great powers to carve up China. After that, the imperialist countries divided and occupied leased areas and "spheres of influence" in China, setting off a frenzy to carve up China, and China's national crisis further deepened.

Secondly, the huge compensation was equivalent to the total fiscal revenue of the Qing government for three years, which increased the burden on the Chinese people. The Qing government was unable to repay and had to borrow large amounts of foreign debt, which facilitated Western powers to control China's financial and economic lifeline through loans.

Thirdly, the opening of four inland trading ports and the opening of inland waterways allowed imperialist forces to penetrate further into the mainland of China.

Finally, Japan was allowed to invest and set up factories in China. Other powers invoked the "equal benefit" clause and rushed to open factories in China, further plundering China's cheap raw materials and labor force, and seriously hindering the development of China's national capitalism. develop.

The "Treaty of Shimonoseki" reflects the aggressive requirements of imperialism to export capital and divide the world. Foreign capitalist aggression against China has entered a new stage. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1888-1894, with the accelerated pace of foreign capital exports to China and the initial development of China's national capitalism, the process of disintegration of China's self-sufficient natural economy accelerated. Therefore, the degree of semi-colonial and semi-feudalization of Chinese society has been greatly deepened.

4. The Eight-Nation Allied Forces' War of Invasion against China and the signing of the "Xinchou Treaty" - completely reduced to

In the Eight-Nation Allied Forces' War of Invasion of China in 1900, China was defeated again and was It was forced to sign the "Xinchou Treaty" with 11 countries including Britain, Russia, Germany, and France, which was humiliating and humiliating the country. The signing of the "Xinchou Treaty" brought extremely serious harm to China.

First, the huge indemnity was an unprecedented large-scale extortion by the great powers on China; in order to pay the huge indemnity, the Qing government stepped up its efforts to plunder the Chinese people, making the people's lives even poorer and the social economy even more depressed.

Second, the "embassy community" established in Beijing was actually a "state within a state" and the "base camp" for imperialism to plan its invasion of China; foreign ministers became the "overlords" of the Qing government and Directly interferes in China's internal affairs through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Foreign invaders controlled the Beijing-Tianjin area, which "opened the door" to the Beijing-Tianjin area, thus placing the Qing government completely under the control of foreign troops, making it easier for the invaders to directly send troops to suppress the Chinese people's anti-imperialist struggle.

Third, in accordance with the provisions of the treaty, the officials of the Qing Dynasty severely suppressed the anti-imperialist struggle of the Chinese people, making them further accomplices of imperialism.

Fourth, the provisions of the reorganization of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will enable the Qing government to implement treasonous foreign policies in accordance with the wishes of foreign invaders.

The "Xinchou Treaty" was a seriously unequal treaty imposed by imperialism on China. In addition to viciously extorting China, the great powers also re-established the Qing government headed by the Empress Dowager Cixi to continue to serve as the their agents in China. Empress Dowager Cixi shamelessly stated that she wanted to "measure China's material resources and win the favor of the country", which fully exposed her traitorous face. From then on, the Qing government completely became a tool for imperialism to rule China. The signing of the "Xinchou Treaty" marked the complete establishment of the ruling order of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the final formation of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society