Chibi Fu
Give a title to the article. Su Shi's works in Northern Song Dynasty. There are two articles before and after. It was written when the author visited Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) and Chibi (Chibiji) twice. Qianchibi Fu is famous. Paying tribute to historical sites in Fu expresses the author's love for the scenery of the mountains and rivers and his broad-minded mind, but there are also negative thoughts of nothingness in life.
original text
Autumn, July 16, July 16, su Shi and his friends in the red cliff rafting play. The breeze blew gently, and the water was unable to reach the water. Raise the glass to toast to the companion, recite the article related to the moon, extolling the chapter. Not long, the moon rises from the Dongshan, wandering between the Dipper and Ox. The milky fog runs across the surface of the river, and the clear water is connected to the sky. Let the boat be floating on the river of mangwubianji, across the vast expanse of the river. The vastness is like feng Xu's wind, and I don't know where it ends; Floating like a world of independence, feathering and becoming immortal.
At this time he was glad to drink, and beat the ship's side with his hands, and sang. The song said, "Gui Gui is like a blue oar, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am in my arms, looking at the beauty and the sky. " The guest has a blowjob, and he leans on the song to make peace. Its voice is full of resentment, longing, weeping and complaining, and the lingering sound is endless. Can make the dragon in the deep valley dance, can make the widow on a boat to hear tears.
Su Zi was sad, sitting in danger and asked the guest, "What is it?" The guest said, "There are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou in the west, looking at Wuchang in the east, the mountains and rivers are misty and gloomy. Is this not because Meng Dezhi is trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, and went downstream to the east. He was thousands of miles long, covered with flags, drank wine and sang poems across the river, and became a hero of the world. Now, where is he? My son and I are fishing on the river, and we are friends with fish and shrimp and milu deer, driving a boat with a leaf, raising bottles to belong to each other. Sending ephemera to heaven and earth is a drop in the ocean. Mourn for a moment of my life and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River. Fly with flying fairy, hold the bright moon and end up long. Knowing it is impossible to get it suddenly, and the legacy will ring in hentai. "
Su Zi said, "Do you know the husband's water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; Those who are full of deficiency are like that, while those who die are not ebbing and flowing. Gai will look at it from its changers, then heaven and earth can't be in an instant; If you look at it from its unchangeable point of view, things and I will be endless. And why envy! Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, and if it is not mine, I will take it for nothing. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are heard by the ears, and they are beautiful when they meet. They are inexhaustible and inexhaustible, and they are the endless treasures of the creator, and my son and I are suitable. "
So the companion smiled happily, and cleaned the cup and poured it again. The dishes and the fruit were all eaten, leaving only the cup on the table in a mess. Sleeping in the boat with each other sleeping, I know that the horizon has been white.
translation
In the winter of Renxu, on July 16th, my guests and I took a boat ride and played under the Red Cliff. The breeze is blowing slowly, and the waves on the water are quiet. Raise your glass and persuade the guests to drink together, chant the poem "The Moon is Out" and sing the chapter "Gentle and graceful". After a while, the moon rose from the eastern mountain and lingered between Dousu and Niusu. A white mist enveloped the river, and the water was shining and connected with the sky. Let the water boat drift freely and float on the boundless river. The river is far away, and the boat is sailing like a volley, and I don't know where it will stay; On cloud nine, it's like leaving the world, without attachments, and becoming a fairy who soars into a fairy fruit.
At this time, drinking wine, I was very happy, so I knocked on the ship's rail and sang songs. He sang, "The oars made of osmanthus wood and blue wood beat the clear water waves and went upstream on the river floating in the moonlight. My feelings are far away, looking at the beauty in my heart, far away from the horizon. " Some of the guests can play the flute, accompanied by singing, and the flute whimpers, like resentment, nostalgia, sobs and whispers. After blowing, the lingering sound is long, like a slender silk thread. This sound can make the hidden dragon dance in the abyss and make the widow in the lonely boat cry.
I was a little sad, so I sat upright and asked the guest, "Why did you make such a sad sound?" The guest replied, "The moonlight is bright and the stars are scarce, and crows fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking to the west is Xiakou, and looking to the east is Wuchang. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, the plants are lush and green. Isn't that where Cao Cao was defeated by Zhou Yu? When he took Jingzhou, captured Jiangling and went down the river, warships connected thousands of miles, covered the sky with flags, drank wine on the river, and recited poems with spears. This was a hero for a while. Where is it now? Besides, you and I are fishing and firewood on the small continent in the middle of the river, taking fish and shrimp as partners and elk as friends; Driving a boat and toasting each other; Entrust ephemera's short life between heaven and earth, as small as a millet in the sea. Lament the shortness of our lives and envy the endless Yangtze River. I wish to travel with the gods and live forever with the bright moon. Knowing that this desire can't be realized suddenly, I have to pin this helpless mood on the tune and play it in the sad autumn wind. "
I said to the guest, "Do you know the truth about water and the moon? Water keeps flowing away like this, but it never actually flows away; The moon is full and short, but it has not lost or grown at last. It turns out that if we look at it from that aspect of change, then everything between heaven and earth has never remained the same in the blink of an eye; Look at it calmly in the same way, then things and ourselves are endless, what do we envy? Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own master. If it's not what I should have, I won't take anything. Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains, when you listen to it, you hear the sound. When you look at it with your eyes, you see the color. No one can forbid it and enjoy it endlessly. This is the infinite treasure of nature, which you and I can enjoy together. "
The guest smiled happily, washed the glass and refilled it. All the dishes and fruits have been eaten, and the cups and plates are in a mess. Everyone slept on the boat, leaning against each other, and before you know it, the white dawn has already appeared in the East.
Writing background
"Fu on the Red Wall" was written by Su Shi when he was demoted as the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuan Yong Lian after the release of the Wutai Poetry Case. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), the author visited Chibi outside Huangzhou twice in July and October, and wrote two travel notes. Later generations used to call the former one "Red Cliff Fu" or "Former Red Cliff Fu" and the latter one "After Red Cliff Fu". What is selected here is the previous article. In fact, what Su Shi visited was not the Red Cliff where Zhou Yu defeated Cao Jun in the Three Kingdoms, but the Red Cliff where Zhou Yu defeated Cao in the northeast of Jiayu, Hubei. Here, the author is just touching the scene, using the legends at that time and using the topic to express his inner anguish after being relegated and his understanding of the universe and life.
discriminate and appreciate
Paragraph 1, write about the night tour of Chibi. The author "goes boating with guests under the Red Cliff" and plunges into the embrace of nature, enjoying the beauty of breeze, dew, mountains, flowing water, moonlight and skylight. When I was in the mood, I casually recited the first chapter of The Book of Songs, The Moon Comes Out. Shu Yao corrected it, and his heart was sad. " Compare the bright moon to a beautiful woman with a good figure, and look forward to her Ran Ran rising. Responding to the poem "The Moon Comes Out", "Little Yan, the moon rises from the East Mountain and lingers between bullfights." And leads to the following self-made song cloud by the author: "Looking at beauty and loving heaven", which is consistent in emotion and style. The word "wandering" vividly depicts that the soft moonlight seems to be extremely attached and affectionate to tourists. Under the bright moonlight, the white fog enveloped the river, and the sky and water became one piece, which is the so-called "autumn water * * * sky is one color" (Wang Bo's Preface to Tengwang Pavilion). At this time, tourists are open-minded, comfortable and unrestrained, so they are "like a reed, and they are at a loss", and they are floating with the waves on a boat, just like flying in the wind in space, leaving the world leisurely and detached; It's like flying into a fairyland with wings. The vast river and free and easy mind leap out of the author's pen, and the joy of boating is beyond words. This is a section of this article that describes the scenery of "boating" in a positive way, expressing emotion with the scene, blending feelings into the scene, and the scene is good.
In the second paragraph, the writer's joy of drinking and singing and the guest's sad flute sound. The author is extremely happy to drink, and sings, in order to express his disappointment and frustration of thinking about "beauty". The "beauty" mentioned here is actually the embodiment of the author's ideal and all good things. The song said, "Gui Gui is like a blue oar, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that the beauty will be one side. " This lyric all uses the meaning of "Chu Ci Shao Si Ming": "Looking forward to the beauty and looking forward to the future, and singing a magnificent song in the breeze", and embodies the content of "reciting the poem of the bright moon and singing a gentle and graceful chapter" above. I can't see it because I want to be beautiful, and I have already expressed my frustration and sadness. In addition, the guest plays the Dong Xiao, and according to its song, the tone of the Xiao is sad and resentful. "If the resentment is like longing, it is like crying, and the lingering sound is like a wisp", which actually attracts the dragon hidden in the ravine to dance, making the widow who is alone in the lonely boat weep. A tune of Dong Xiao is mournful and tactful, and its sad tone is touching, which causes the author's feelings to change suddenly, from joy to sadness, and the article is ups and downs because of it.
In the third paragraph, write the guest's sigh about the impermanence of life. This section is endowed with historical sites instead of natural scenery of Chibi. The host asked "What is natural", and the guests answered with the historical sites in Chibi, and the arts and sciences turned to nature. But the article is not about Chen Qi, but uses two questions. First of all, based on Cao Cao's "Short Songs", I asked: "Is this not a poem by Cao Mengde?" He also won with the mountains and rivers in front of him and asked, "Is this not because Meng Dezhi is trapped in Zhou Lang?" Two questions made the article stir again. Then, it recounts the past when Cao Cao broke Jingzhou and forced Liu Cong to surrender. At that time, the mighty Cao Jun descended from Jiangling along the river, and the warships were connected thousands of miles, and the flags covered the sky. Cao Caozhi is full of pride, cocky, drinking on the river at the bow, and writing poems horizontally, which can be described as "the hero of the world"! Where is he now? Heroes like Cao Cao are only prominent for a while, not to mention our generation! Therefore, now I can only sigh the shortness of my life, envy the endless flow of the river, and hope to intersect with the gods and be with the bright moon. However, all these are unrealistic fantasies, which is why the sadness and sorrow are conveyed through the flute. The guest's answer shows a nihilistic thought and a negative outlook on life, which is one aspect of Su Shi's revealing his thoughts through the guest's mouth.
In the fourth paragraph, Su Shi stated his views on the impermanence of the guest's life in order to understand each other. The guest once "envied the infinity of the Yangtze River" and wished to "embrace the bright moon and end up long". Su Shi took the river and the bright moon as metaphors, and put forward that "the dead are like this, but they have never been there;" Those who are surplus and deficiency are like that, and those who die are not ebbing and flowing. If you look at things from the perspective of change, the existence of heaven and earth is only a blink of an eye; If you look at it from the same point of view, things and human beings are endless, so why envy the river, the bright moon and heaven and earth! Naturally, there is no need to "mourn my life for a moment"! This shows Su Shi's open-minded outlook on the world and life. He is in favor of looking at the problem from multiple angles rather than absolutizing it. Therefore, he can maintain an open-minded, detached, optimistic and adaptive mental state in adversity, and can get rid of the impermanence of life and treat life rationally. Then, the author further explains that everything between heaven and earth has its own owner and individuals can't force it. So what is all for us? The breeze on the river is audible, the bright moon in the mountains is colorful, the mountains are endless, the wind and the moon are eternal, the world is selfless, and the music is entertaining. We can just wander around and enjoy ourselves. This situation is due to Li Bai's "Xiangyang Song": "The breeze and the bright moon don't need a dollar to buy, and Yushan is not pushed by people", and then it is deepened.
In the fifth paragraph, after listening to the author's conversation, the writer turned grief into joy and drank heartily. "I don't know that the East is white because of the pillow in the boat." Looking after the beginning, I write about the joy of traveling and enjoying, but as for forgetting the gains and losses, I am detached from the realm.
Fang Bao, an ancient prose writer in the Qing Dynasty, commented on this article: "What you see is unique, but the literary environment is unattainable, and the good reason is that the body is idle and open, the chest is free of sundries, the touch is revealed, and the consideration is full. I don't know why." Only others can't imitate it, even if Zi Zhan is more aware of it, he can't be so adaptable and smooth. " (Quoted from A Compilation of Commentaries on Ancient Literary Words) Su Shi expresses his magnanimous mind through various artistic techniques. Only by forgetting his gains and losses and being magnanimous can he write "Poem on the Red Wall" with an unattainable literary environment.
It is characterized by
(1) Parallel powder combination
This paper not only retains the characteristics and charm of the traditional poetry, but also absorbs the style and techniques of prose, breaking the shackles of the duality of sentence patterns and temperament, and is more of a prose component, so that the article has both the profound charm of poetry and the penetrating concept of prose. The style of the prose makes the whole article feel depressed and frustrated, such as "thousands of springs gushing out" Different from Fu's emphasis on duality, it is relatively more free. For example, at the beginning of the passage, "Autumn is endless, July is looking forward, and Perilla and the guests are boating under the Red Cliff", which is full of scattered sentences, and there is put in order's intention in the jagged and sparse. From the following to the end of the article, most of them rhyme, but the rhyme changes quickly, and the rhyme change is often a paragraph of the text, which makes this article particularly suitable for reading, and it is very beautiful in rhyme, reflecting the advantages of rhyme.
(2) Beautiful image, good at analogy.
For example, it describes the bitterness and sorrow of the flute sound: "Its sound is whiny, like resentment, like crying, and the lingering sound is endless. A diving mosquito dancing in a secluded valley, a widowed woman crying in a lonely boat. " The six metaphors used in succession play up the sadness of the flute sound, and appeal the abstract and elusive sound to the reader's vision and hearing, making it concrete and sensible, with excellent results.
[II. Post-Red Cliff Fu]
original text
It is the hope of October, and it will be returned to Lingao after stepping from Xuetang. The two guests have never given the yellow mud to Sakamoto. Since the frost and dew have fallen, the leaves of the trees have fallen off, and the figure is on the ground, looking up at the bright moon, taking care of it, singing and answering. He sighed: "There are guests without wine, wine without dishes, and the moon is white and the wind is clear. What a good night!" The guest said, "Today, at dusk, you get a fish with a huge mouth and fine scales, which is like a perch in Songjiang. How about Gu An's wine? " Go home and seek women. The woman said, "I have a beer fight, and I have been hiding it for a long time, just in case my son needs it." So I swam again under the red cliff with wine and fish. The river has a sound, and the shore is broken in thousands of feet; The mountain is high and the moon is small, and the truth comes out. Once the geometry of the sun and the moon, but the mountains and rivers can not be recognized. Yu is wearing clothes, walking on rocks, wearing velvet, living in tigers and leopards, climbing dragons, climbing the dangerous nest of storks and overlooking Feng Yi's secluded palace. Cover two guests can't be arbitrary. However, the long whistle, the vibration of vegetation, the sound of mountains and valleys, the wind and the water surge. Giving is also quiet and sad, awe and fear, and it is impossible to stay. Instead, board the boat, let it flow, and let it stop. When the night will be half, I will be lonely. There is a lonely crane, and the river is coming from the east. Wings, like wheels, suddenly rang, swept to the boat and went west.
When a guest goes, he sleeps when he gives. Dreaming of a Taoist priest, he wandered under Lingao, and said, "Is the pleasure of Chibi?" Ask his name, but don't answer. "alas! Hey! I know all about it. On the night of the past, those who flew past me were not evil? " The Taoist priest laughed and was surprised. Open an account and look at it, but you can't see its place.
make appreciative comments
"Hou Chibi Fu" is a sequel to "Qian Chibi Fu", which can also be said to be a sister piece. The pre-fu mainly talks about metaphysics and reasoning, while the post-fu mainly describes scenery; The former fu describes the night scene on the river in early autumn, while the latter fu mainly describes the activities on the river bank, and the time has also moved to Meng Dong; Both articles write prose in the style of "Fu", with the same scenery of Chibi, but different realms, but both of them are poetic. The former fu is "the breeze is Xu Lai, the water waves are quiet" and "the white dew crosses the river, and the water and light meet the sky", while the latter fu is "the river flows with sound, the thousands of feet is broken, the mountains are high and the moon is small, and the water comes out". The landscape features of different seasons have been vividly reflected in Su Shi's works, giving people magnificent and natural beauty enjoyment. The full text is divided into two levels. The first level describes the activities before the tour, including explaining the time, itinerary, peers and preparations for the tour. Writing about the scene of moonlit night in early winter and the joy of stepping on the moon not only hides the pleasure of traveling, but also naturally leads to the dialogue between subject and object. Facing the "such a fine night" when the moon is clear, and there are good friends, delicious food and wine, it is imperative to visit Chibi again. In a few lines, I wrote the scenery, told the story and expressed my feelings, and the three were integrated into one. So far, it can be transferred to the text, but Dongpo "rocks the boat" and inserted a few words, not only The second level is the focus of the full text. The only words that describe the scenery are "the river flows soundly", but they write the unique night scene of early winter in Chibi, where the cliffs are high and the clear moon is small, and the water splashes slowly and the rocks are audible, thus inducing the host and guest to abandon the boat and climb the cliffs to swim. Here, the author writes the artistic conception of the night tour in Chibi with pen and ink, which is quiet and quiet, the mountains and rivers are cold and quiet, and "walking on the rocks" Panxi magpie's dangerous nest, overlooking Feng Yi's secluded palace ",the strange and thrilling scenery is more open-minded and lofty. However, when Su Shi was on the verge of death alone, the scene of "whistling, the vegetation shaking, the mountains singing and the valleys echoing, the wind rising and the water surging" had to make him feel sad and worried, and he had to return to the boat. When the article was written here, it was a stroke of genius. After writing a lonely crane coming from the east of the Hengjiang River and suddenly ringing, it wiped the boat to the west. Therefore, the already lonely author added more compassion, and the article revived the waves of ups and downs, which also laid the groundwork for writing dreams below. Finally, at the end of the third layer, Su Zi, who fell asleep after swimming, saw the Taoist priest who had turned into a lonely crane in her dreams, and in the mysterious illusion of "giving", "not answering" and "laughing", she revealed the inner anguish caused by the ideological contradiction of the author's birth and entry into the world. Su Shi, who was frustrated in politics, wanted to seek detachment from the joy of mountains and rivers. The result was not only useless, but also added new sorrow to the trauma in his heart. After a dream, Nanke returned to the depressing reality. At the end, the words "open an account and see where it is" are quite confusing, but there is also a pun meaning. On the surface, it seems that the Taoist priest in the dream has suddenly disappeared, but the deeper connotation is where is the future, ideal, pursuit and ambition of Su Zi? The scene of Su Zi climbing the mountain alone is really "picturesque in every sentence and poetic in every word", which makes people feel immersive through exaggeration and rendering. The article describes the scenery of the mountains and rivers, with bright colors and sincere feelings of the author. Clever use of parallelism and antithesis adds a sense of music to the text. It's more interesting to read. But on the whole, the post-fu is not as good as the pre-fu in thought and art. Mystery, depression and "Fu" are light, and "Wen" is a little strong, which is probably the main reason why it is inferior to the previous article.
When Su Zi and "Ke" visited Chibi, "Hou Chibi Fu" said, "There is a lonely crane, and the river is coming from the east. The wings are like wheels, and the mysterious clothes are screaming, and they are swept to the boat and the west. " And after sleeping, Perilla "dreamed of a Taoist priest, and his clothes wandered." Perilla thought that the Taoist priest was the crane he had seen before. This description adds a mystery to the article.
In Su Shi's poems, cranes are written in many places, such as "Hanging Crane Pavilion" and "Crane Sighing", which all vividly describe and praise cranes. As we know, the crane was a symbol of freedom and seclusion in ancient times, a symbol of detachment and detachment from the world. Therefore, Su Zi, who fell asleep after visiting Chibi, met the Taoist priest who had turned into a lonely crane in her dream, and in the mysterious illusion of "giving thanks", "not answering" and "laughing", she revealed the inner anguish brought by the contradiction of the author's own thought of being born and entering the WTO. Su Shi, who was frustrated in politics, wanted to seek detachment from the joy of mountains and rivers. The result was not only useless, but also added new sorrow to the trauma in his heart. After a dream, Nanke returned to the depressing reality. At the end, the eight words "open an account and see where it is" are quite confused, but there is also a pun meaning. On the surface, it seems that the Taoist priest in the dream has suddenly disappeared, but the deeper connotation is "Where is the future, ideal, pursuit and ambition of Perilla?"