Peacock dynasty is the most famous slavery dynasty in ancient India's Magadha country. It is named after its creator Chandragupta, who was born in the peacock family. During the reign of King Ashoka, the South Asian subcontinent was completely incorporated into the territory of the Peacock Dynasty except for the southernmost part. The capital is Fahrenheit (now Patna). The Peacock Empire under the rule of Ashoka is a country with absolute monarchy, and Ashoka himself has absolute authority in administration, military and justice. The whole country is divided into several provinces, and the governor of each province is usually a prince, but many tribes remain autonomous or semi-independent, and the Peacock Empire is not a highly centralized country. As the first regime that basically unified India, the cause of Peacock Dynasty became the goal that inspired countless ambitious heroes in later generations. A brief introduction to the Peacock Dynasty (about 32 BC1-324-187), that is, the dynasty of Mojeto in ancient India. 325 years ago, King Alexander the Great of Macedonia fled from the Indus River and set up a governor in Punjab, leaving an army behind. At this time, Chandragupta (the king of the moon) led the local people to rise up and organize troops to drive away the Macedonians. Subsequently, it overthrew the Nando Dynasty and established a new dynasty with Fahrenheit as its capital. Born into a family that raised peacocks, people later called the dynasty established by Chandragupta the Peacock Dynasty. By the time Jahandra Guta's son Bintusharo ruled, the Peacock Dynasty had controlled the Indus Plain, Ganges Plain, Bay of Bengal, Deccan Plateau and vast areas as far away as the Arabian Sea. King Ashoka is one of the successors of this powerful dynasty. In the middle of the 3rd century, King Ashoka was in power and the country was strong. Except for the southern tip of India's half-island, he unified the whole of India, made Buddhism the state religion, and sent geneticists everywhere to promote Buddhism. At one time, there were Buddhist footprints in Asia, Africa and Europe. After this advocacy, Buddhism has become one of the most important religions in the world. Peacock dynasty was replaced by singa dynasty in BC 187.

[Edit this paragraph] Ancient Indian Dynasty

Peacock Dynasty (32 BC1-324 BC 187 BC), that is, the dynasty of Mojeto in ancient India. It existed in China from the Zhou Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty. 325 years ago, King Alexander the Great of Macedonia withdrew from the Indus Valley and set up a governor in Punjab, leaving an army behind. At this time, Chandragupta (the king of the moon) led the local people to rise up and organize troops to drive away the Macedonians. Later, the Southern Dynasty was overthrown and a new dynasty was established, with Fahrenheit as its capital. In the middle of the 3rd century, King Ashoka came to power, the country became strong, and the territory of Peacock Empire reached the largest scale. It starts from the southern foothills of the Himalayas in the north, reaches Mysore in the south, Assam in the east and Hindu Kush in the west. Except the southern tip, the entire subcontinent has its own territory, unifying the entire Indian subcontinent except southern Karnataka and Afghanistan, and becoming an unprecedented unified empire. Buddhism has been designated as the state religion, and people have been sent to various places to promote Buddhism. At one time, there were Buddhist footprints in Asia, Africa and Europe. After this advocacy, Buddhism has become one of the most important religions in the world. The peacock dynasty of Ashoka was replaced by the Portuguese dynasty in about 187 BC. Han Dynasty, Roman Empire and Indian Peacock Dynasty were the most advanced civilizations in the world at that time. This Indian native dynasty was established on the ruins after the retreat of Alexander the Great's invading army, and its territory was surpassed by Mughal Wang Chaocai in16th century. This dynasty not only laid the foundation for the unification of India, but also carried forward the Indian classical culture well. Without Ashoka, Buddhism might just be a religious group circulating among Indians. The Rise and Expansion of Peacock Dynasty In the late Vedas from 65438 BC to 500 BC, Indian Aryans entered the middle and lower reaches of the Ganges and began to use iron. Tribal isomorphism gradually changed into regional isomorphism, and slave countries began to form. According to Buddhist scriptures, India began to enter the age of nations from the 6th century BC to the 5th century BC. At that time, there were 16 states, mainly Capricorn, Kaya, Zazaro, Gulu, Pujialuo and Gandhara. In 327 BC, at the end of the reign of Nantuo Dynasty, Alexander the Great, a Macedonian, led an army across the Hindu Kush to invade West India, and set up strongholds everywhere he went. Alexander tried to conquer the Ganges Plain, passing through Tanchasiro and Rawalpindi, and pushed to the south and east, but was resisted by local forces. At that time, the most powerful force on the Ganges Plain was the state of Magadha, ruled by the king of Nantuo. In 325 BC, Chandra Gupta, an aristocrat of Capricorn Kingdom, drove away the Macedonian garrison, unified northern India, conquered most of the Ganges River valley, and established a unified slavery empire. About 3 17 BC, Chandragupta was born into a noble family in Chatterley. With the help of Kautilya, a resourceful adviser, he led the army to defeat the Macedonian army in northwest India and declared India free. Later, he arrived in Fahrenheit, the capital of Mojeto, overthrew the rule of King Nando, seized power and established the Peacock Dynasty. In 305 BC, Seleuc Kingdom invaded India, defeated peace, and ceded a large area of land, which should be Afghanistan and Baluchistan today, to India. Because Chandra Gupta was born in the peacock clan, it is also called the peacock dynasty at this time. At the same time, because Buddhism was born in this period, it is also called "early Buddhist era" in history. In about 297 BC, Chandragupta died and his son Mihura succeeded to the throne. Chandra Gupta died of hunger strike in her later years because she was obsessed with Jainism founded by Daxiong. The second king of the empire was Pimala, who was contemporary with the Buddha. During this period of Peacock Dynasty, only the king had the right to have a standing army and accept tributes, which marked the victory of the long-term struggle with the Brahmins, but the Brahmins still had religious power. During the reign of Pintou King (Bintou Shaluo), son of Chandra Gupta, Bintou Shaluo continued to expand outward. It is said that he wiped out the monarchs of 16 big cities, and the peacock dynasty controlled the Indus Plain, Ganges Plain, Bay of Bengal, Deccan Plateau and vast areas as far away as the Arabian Sea.

[Edit this paragraph] Ashoka

In 273 BC, King Pibiro died of illness. In order to compete for the throne, Ashoka's brothers and sisters fought fiercely. With the help of some princes and ministers, Ashoka successfully seized the throne. After King Ashoka ascended the throne in about 269 BC, he began to conquer by force to expand the territory of the dynasty. He was one of the famous bloodthirsty kings in history. Crushing everywhere, expanding territory everywhere, and killing people everywhere, waiting for the fate of the rebels being conquered or conquered. About 262 BC, in the eighth year of Ashoka's reign, he began to invade Kalinga Kingdom in South India on a large scale. According to the inscription, the kingdom of Xieling family was conquered, among which 6,543.8+0.5 million people were captured, 6,543.8+0.5 million people were killed, and countless people were injured. King Ashoka unified all India except Mysore, and his rule became an unprecedented era in the history of ancient India, and the centralized rule of slave monarchs in ancient India reached its peak. This war was a turning point in Ashoka's life and Indian history. King Ashoka was shocked by the scene of a river of blood lying dead in the mountain and deeply regretted it. After many long talks with Youbotan, a Buddhist monk, he decided to convert to Buddhism and completely change his ruling strategy. Political struggles and the rise and fall of kingdoms are short-lived and impermanent in nature. Compared with the endless exploration of human beings that Indians have always emphasized, the secrets of the universe are not worth recording. During his reign, King Ashoka carved his letters on rocks and pillars all over India, stating official policies and providing guidance and suggestions. It shows the change of Ashoka's idea and his ruling goal. According to his imperial edict carved on the rock, the Peacock Dynasty can now see that Ashoka saw the massacre caused by his greed for greater power after launching the battle to conquer the spiritual armor of the world, and he was deeply saddened by it. He flatly gave up further expansion to support what he called "winning justice". He began to pursue justice, praise justice, guide and safeguard justice, and regarded the victory of justice as the greatest victory of all. So people call the first half of Ashoka "Ashoka" and the second half "Ashoka". From then on, King Ashoka turned to the teachings of the Buddha and vowed to spread those lofty truths with the rest of his life and his great imperial power and prestige. In 17 years after his accession to the throne, he held the third Buddhist collection in Fahrenheit City (now Patna), and the number of followers in China increased day by day. It is said that during the reign of Ashoka, 84,000 pagodas were built. King Ashoka publicly sent Buddhist missions to Ceylon, and later sent missionaries to Myanmar and Java, where he almost completely converted to Buddhism, which has continued to this day. At the same time, he promoted Buddhism as a new religion to other countries in Southeast Asia and Africa, as far away as Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Syria and Egypt. For Buddhism, Ashoka is the second most important figure after Sakyamuni. The spread of Indian culture in this period marked the beginning of Indian-style writing and culture in many Southeast Asian countries, and the origin characteristics of this Southeast Asian civilization are still very obvious today. King Ashoka should not only spread Buddhism, but also set an example to persuade people in other places to imitate justice, a more humane monarchy. He declared that everyone everywhere was his child. He weakened the stricter aspects of state control advocated by Chandra Gupta, advocated the concept of non-violence, and called for pilgrimage instead of hunting ... Although his spirit has risen to a new height, he remains firmly on the political stage. The Peacock Dynasty achieved many great undertakings with its unprecedented national strength. For example, Chandragupta has established a developed road system throughout India. There are post stations on the road, which are marked every half mile. In Ashoka's time, trees were planted on both sides of various roads, and a well was dug every three miles to set up a place for pedestrians to rest. Near the intersection of main roads, national granaries and warehouses are set up for emergencies. In addition, in order to increase agricultural output, the empire also built canals and reservoirs in various places and established a relatively complete irrigation system. In order to promote his political ideals to the people, he erected many stone pillars and carved imperial edicts in various places under his jurisdiction to show his determination and hope to win the support of the people. These letters are written in many languages and are called "Ashoka Letters". These imperial edicts are found in northwest India, Afghanistan and the whole southeast coast. Some imperial edicts were carved on smooth cliffs and rocks. King Ashoka died in 232 BC.

[Edit this paragraph] The decline of the dynasty

The rule of the Peacock Dynasty was not consolidated. Every region has great independence in politics, economy and culture. Therefore, this country that is unified by force cannot be maintained for a long time. Although Ashoka pursued a loose policy in his later period. After the death of Ashoka around 232 BC, the Peacock Empire disintegrated rapidly, and there were frequent civil wars within the empire. Although later rulers still set the capital as Fahrenheit, the original capital, they continued to keep the peacock's name. Its influence covers only a part of the Ganges. In this period of general political vacancy, the most stable is the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent, and some kingdoms that Ashoka did not conquer still exist during this period. About BC 187 (or BC 185), Buli Hadro Tuo, the last king of the Peacock Dynasty, was killed by his department Puxi Amidoro Songga. BC 185, the Peacock Dynasty perished, followed by the Siga Dynasty. By about 180 BC, India had returned to a more common situation of regional independent kingdom. The Vietnamese, Gui Shuang and other foreigners invaded North India one after another, but failed to establish a stable rule. In South India, Pandia, Zheluo and Zhuluo confronted each other. Gupta dynasty (320 ~ 540) in northern India began the classical period of India, and its economy and culture were unprecedentedly prosperous. In the late Gupta dynasty, Xiongnu invaded and established rule in North India. In 606, the anti-Japanese war king unified North India, and Xuanzang, a monk from China, visited the country of the anti-Japanese war king. The Journey to the West, one of China's four classical novels, was written according to this historical fact.

[Edit this paragraph] Economic development

During the Peacock Dynasty, productivity was greatly improved. The manufacture and use of ironware has become very common. The variety of agricultural products has increased, and the agricultural advantages are remarkable. Handicrafts such as textile, metalworking and shipbuilding have all been developed. Urban trade has nothing to do with the countryside. India has active trade relations with China, the two river basins, Egypt and other places.

[Edit this paragraph] Administrative justice

The king is the highest authority. The chief minister and the prince assist in the management of state affairs. And the chancellor of the exchequer and the chief tax officer. There is a ministerial consultative committee. Remote and important areas are ruled by the governor. A governor is usually a prince. Officials at all levels, from central to local. The whole country is divided into four provinces (or five provinces). Save the area. The term of office of local officials is five years. Village community is the basic unit of the country. The person in charge of the village community manages the administrative affairs of the village community and is responsible for tax collection. The city has a top official in charge of overall affairs, and there are six five-person teams in charge of craft, diplomacy, taxation, commodity sales and other businesses. The judicial system is divided into the Supreme Court and the local courts. The Supreme Court is headed by the Chief Justice. The local courts are divided into administrative districts, with * * * as four levels. The lowest court consists of village administrators and elders.

[Edit this paragraph] The characteristics of slavery and taxation

Peacock dynasty was a slave country. It is characterized by widespread domestic slavery, and there seems to be no large-scale use of slaves. Only slaves were used in villages, mines and guilds. The most common slave is called Dasa-Burtaka. National tax revenue mainly comes from land tax, and a small part comes from domestic and foreign trade tax. The land belongs to the king, and most scholars believe that the king is the sole owner of the land. A few scholars believe that private ownership of land existed at that time. Land tax is generally 1/6 of the harvest, sometimes as high as 1/4 or as low as 1/8. In cities, birth tax and death tax are also levied. The state controls the irrigation system in some areas; Most irrigation systems are controlled by rural communes. However, there is a view that the state controls all irrigation systems.

[Edit this paragraph] Army

During the reign of Chandragupta (about 324 BC-the first 300 years), its military strength was already quite strong. In order to strengthen its control over various places, the Peacock Dynasty also built Chidao extending in all directions. The country has 600,000 infantry, 30,000 cavalry and 9,000 elephants. The army is divided into five departments-fleet, logistics, infantry, cavalry, chariots and elephants. The commander-in-chief is in charge of military affairs.

[Edit this paragraph] The list of kings (about the time of his reign)

Chandragupta: King of Bottle Head (Bintou Shaluo) from 322 to 298; King Ashoka from 297 to 272; King of Decathlon from 273 to 232; Shambalado from 232 to 224: 224 to 2 10. 2 years ago 195 Sa Tatola: Qian 195- Qian 187 Bukit Tipoto: Qian 187- Qian 185.

[Edit this paragraph] The source of the name

One argument is that Chandragupta came from a family that raised peacocks, so people later called the dynasty established by Chandragupta the Peacock Dynasty. There is also a saying that the word "peacock" comes from its Sanskrit pronunciation (mayra), which is similar to the name of Chandragupta's mother.