Structure, eradicate power corruption from the source. It can be said that with public power, there will be supervision over public power, and legal supervision is the sacred mission and main way for human society to control power corruption.
abstract
Time theory of topic method
The government of China is exploring the establishment of.
The power supervision mechanism aims at establishing institutionalization.
Political, social and economic structure to curb power corruption.
Permanent control. Legal supervision and public power are twin brothers.
Parasitic in state institutions. There are state institutions, there are
Public power. Where there is public power, there must be supervision over it.
Public power. Legal supervision is the sacred mission and main way of justice.
Governance of power corruption in human society.
Close key
Power/corruption/supervision/power/corruption/supervision
Upper guide bearing
Corruption refers to the decay of thoughts, the degeneration of life and the expansion of selfish desires. Among them, the corruption of power is the core, as some people have described, corruption is the evil son of the combination of power and selfish desires. The root of corruption comes from the monopoly power and power of state organs.
Corruption is the extreme manifestation of power alienation. Therefore, among the various manifestations of corruption, the most worrying is power corruption, and there is no doubt that power corruption must be governed.
There are various typical manifestations of power corruption and abuse: (1) improper possession of public resources for personal enjoyment, including corruption.
Misappropriation of public funds, embezzlement of property, etc. These are typical manifestations of corruption. Corrupt people have public power.
As a basis, he can spare no effort to engage in similar business activities, seek personal gain and get rid of life by using this public office.
The encroachment of materials has developed to the encroachment of means of production, which has made corruption develop from livelihood to wealth. (2) Economical use
Interest has changed people's judgment and arrangement of identity, status and property, and its external performance is bribery.
The extension of bribery has developed into disguised gifts, kickbacks and extortion. In bribery, the briber loses his principles and pays bribes.
Those who gain coveted status or benefits at a small cost can induce more people to follow suit. (3) the role of deviating from the public * * *
The use of authority generally refers to the act of abusing power for personal gain, trading power and money, trading power and money, and trading power and sex. In modern times, the core problem of corruption is the abuse of power for personal gain, and the form of corruption has also changed from trivial economic activities and petty theft to political and economic collusion.
Type, causing great damage to the image of the government. (4) the difference between closeness, distance, fluctuation and emotion.
Relationship determines the establishment and maintenance of public relations, and forms a nepotism network in the composition system of public power organs. In China,
Corruption has a rich geographical and human soil, and this abnormal relationship network will lead to the extension of power corruption among the people.
The terrible thing is that ordinary citizens feel at ease about it. (5) The exercise of "rule by man" of public power is reflected in strictness.
Serious bureaucracy and privilege. In the process of performing official duties, officials create a strong "bureaucratic spirit" and centralize power.
Phenomenon, paternalism, mystification and local protectionism are common; Dereliction of duty, dereliction of duty, desertion
Abandoning responsibility, overstaffing people, going down the mountain, forcing orders, making arbitrary decisions, excessive behavior, chaotic management, moral anomie and so on.
, constitutes a hotbed of corruption. (6) Corruption also has the color of industry monopoly, which mostly occurs in the powerful Ministry of Economic Management.
Door and law enforcement and judicial organs, the main means is to rely on the strength of departments and industries to ask for Leka. Therefore, people are discussing the characteristics and roots of legislative corruption, administrative corruption, judicial corruption and industrial corruption.
Since the emergence of class society, corruption has been a stubborn disease, which needs to be cured and revived, which has made rulers of past dynasties tired of coping with it. But whether it is the self-restraint of the "Emperor" or Bao Zheng and Harry.
Loyalty and help of honest officials; Whether the wise monarch first put the bureaucratic tasks in order or surrendered in the face of corruption.
A bad king, which dynasty, which generation of "eternal rivers and mountains", can not escape the fate of the country's collapse due to political rule corruption. modern society
Yes, corruption is still a worldwide problem. 1992, a bribery scandal broke out in Italian politics: only 199 1 year, which is of great significance.
The illegal income of Libyan political parties is as high as $8.3 billion, and bribery and kickbacks have increased national public expenditure by $3-4 billion.
An official described: "When people pierce the surface of official records with knives, corruption is revealed, and people are not even looking.
You can smell it then. ""This kind of event will shock the still chaotic world after the war. ".[ 1](P 1)
The evil consequences of power corruption are very obvious. Politically, corruption has aroused widespread opposition from the people and threatened the stability of the country and society; Economically, corruption destroys the fairness of distribution and hinders market competition; Culturally, corruption leads to the decline of social morality.
And restrict the improvement of civilization level; Ideologically, corruption has corroded the body of the personnel system and destroyed a large number of public servants. special
In particular, corruption is a kind of super-legal and anti-legal behavior, which shakes the cornerstone of national authority-legal authority. Therefore,
All countries regard resisting power corruption as a major event to complete national rejuvenation, build a prosperous country and purify the social air. Power supervision
Principle demonstration is to solve the restriction of public power, and ultimately to prevent the transcendence and abuse of state power.
Corruption and illegality. Its essence lies in advocating the rule of law, promoting the spirit of democracy, and making China no longer rule by man.
Advocate righteousness, allow privilege to exist, and allow corruption to spread. Specifically, the main rule of law measures are as follows:
First, the rule control of power corruption: restricting power by law
The rule control of power corruption refers to formulating strict laws and regulations, standardizing the operation process of power and controlling the use of power by officials. The purpose is to make the public power that is easy to deviate from the rules be affected in legislation, administration, justice, law-abiding and other aspects.
Restricted by law, once the behavior is "derailed", there is a legal basis to punish this kind of derailment. Just like the famous American jurist Boden Hay.
Mo said: "In a place ruled by law, the free exercise of power is hindered by rules, which make those in power bound by certain behaviors." [2](P344)
Looking back on the course of anti-corruption in China, we have gone through a detour, that is, relying mainly on moral constraints and political movements to curb corruption, which goes back to the source of autocracy. Under the long-term feudal political rule in China, the quality of managers and
Talent, and the judgment of its quality and ability depends on the appreciation, moral restraint and self-restraint of superiors. In terms of legal supervision
On the other hand, legislative power, executive power, judicial power and supervision power are all part of imperial power, that is, the vassal of executive power, and there is no such thing.
Form a parliamentary supervision system and judicial review system similar to those in western countries. The traces left by this history today are extremely thought-provoking.
Yes, this leads to the exercise of public power in our country is not measured by law, but by the will of the chief executive.
Power has never been substantially restricted by legal force. In modern society, people have fully realized the control of rampant corruption.
Potential, must rely on the formulation and implementation of the law. Based on public interests and social order, the law gives state organs certain
Power and responsibility inevitably require state organs to conform to the purpose of not abusing power and safeguard public interests from seizing power.
Abuse of power for personal gain, legal exercise of power is not ultra vires and illegal, performance of statutory duties is not dereliction of duty, and compliance with legal procedures is not lost.
Order and justice. The role of strengthening legal supervision is that legal norms are not as universal, authoritative and mandatory as moral norms.
In the fight against corruption, the clear requirement of the rule of law is to improve the legislation of clean government first. In this regard, countries all over the world have enacted laws such as Anti-Corruption Law, Sunshine Government Law, Civil Servants' Duties Law and Civil Servants' Ethics Law.
The Law on Impeachment of Officials has played an important role in regulating the behavior of state organs and their public officials. China's?Constitution
Law, organization law, national civil servant law and administrative supervision law all stipulate the issue of legal supervision in principle, while the National People's Congress
The Standing Committee of China, the State Council and the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection have also promulgated regulations prohibiting party and government organs and leading cadres from running enterprises through business.
Provisions on Accepting Gifts, Provisions on Prohibiting Spending Public Funds, Provisions on Prohibiting the Selection and Appointment of Cadres for favoritism and malpractice, and Customs.
Provisions on the Declaration of Property Income and other relevant legal documents and policies. The timely issuance of such documents cannot be said to be under supervision.
There is no legal basis for this problem, but the supervision legislation in China is relatively rough, and there are many policy documents and legislation on corruption.
Normalization and technicality have not reached their due level, so it is necessary to introduce mature and sound legal rules into legislation to realize the pre-control of the system.
Not only that, power monitoring must be strict. Hamilton once bluntly pointed out that "ambition must be countered by ambition"; Hobbes also stressed that "a contract without a sword is just a dead letter." The goal of legal supervision is to put power into the law.
Under the control of the rules, once the supervised person violates the law and exceeds his authority, he may be found, prevented, stopped and punished.
On the other hand, if the monitoring mechanism is not perfect, "success" will make the offenders have nothing to fear. Therefore, the state should increase its rights.
Punish corrupt acts such as corruption, bribery, misappropriation of public funds, gambling, etc., and make legal responsibility a corrupt act.
The maximum fee paid. This kind of control and punishment mainly comes from external forces. It is like a force that can push the government and its officials.
Behavior is legal, but it is more of a deterrent, like a sword hanging over your head, which will have a negative impact on illegal behavior.
Forced to be punctured. As far as the current situation in China is concerned, although some major corruption cases have been put on file for investigation, they have all slipped through the net.
Fish still exists, the "privileged class" still exists, and the punishment for some officials "understatement" still exists, leading to
Those who are lucky enough to resist the law will continue to be corrupt. Therefore, in controlling power corruption, we must dare to be cruel in order to be true.
Conducive to curbing corruption. For example, after the above-mentioned incident in Italy, the police arrested 1350 people, involving about 2,500 people.
Eight political parties were involved, five cabinet ministers resigned, and many members of Congress, senior officials and entrepreneurs were investigated, tried, arrested or detained by judicial organs. Although this is a scandal in Italian political circles, the intensity of punishing corruption can be seen from this.
Second, the system control of power corruption: restricting power with power.
In the process of human civilization, people always regard the establishment of a government that serves themselves wholeheartedly as an ideal and hope.
This is a good thing, but I hope it will be implemented in the political system. Controlling power with power is a country.
The external constraint of one kind of state power on another kind of state power, through the mutual constraint between various state organs, achieves the basic balance of power and prevents one kind of power from being too powerful and abused. Specifically, we need to do something in the following aspects:
Fully understand the necessity of power supervision. The exercise of public power by state organs is related to the overall development of political, economic and cultural construction in various countries, which is by no means comparable to individual firms that are dispensable, heavy or light, big or small. therefore
The power orientation of legislative, administrative and judicial organs and the legalization of their relations have a long history. Take administrative power as an example, from ancient times to the present
So far, this kind of power is the most real, extensive and authoritative. Administrative organs can use authorization, examination and approval, certification,
Collect, prohibit, order, control, punish and other forms of power, exercise entrusted legislative power, law enforcement power, state management power,
The power of administrative punishment and discretion, and force all members of society to obey this power. This will inevitably lead to the contradiction between the government and the managed.
Those who form contradictions and conflicts also form power confrontation with other state organs. From this perspective, we should attach importance to the relationship between state organs.
Power balance is not only considered from the democratic consciousness of "people's sovereignty", but also manifested as a means to strengthen state management.
"Practicality" requirement. It should be said that politicians are the most pragmatic. As you can imagine, if the main countries that constitute the national organism
State organs wrangle with each other If civil servants arbitrarily expand their power without restriction, the supervision system will show poor control.
The situation of not correcting mistakes and letting things drift is naturally a manifestation of a serious imbalance in political power, and such a society must also be a society that has lost order and lost people's hearts.
Make rational use of the creativity of human civilization. In the process of controlling power corruption, there are many remarkable examples at all times and in all countries. For example, the supervision system in the history of China has sound and complete supervision laws and regulations, relatively independent supervision institutions and widely owned supervision institutions
It is famous all over the world for checking authority and correcting the supervision effect of the powerful person. The censor is responsible for investigation, impeachment, protest, audit and supervision.
The important mission of official assessment, investigation, public prosecution and trial is actually to realize "the way to govern officials" through "governing officials"
It is worth studying by contemporary people. In modern countries, Britain, Sweden and Singapore are all successful models of building a clean government.
The civil service system in Britain is rigorous and strict, and the civil service team remains relatively pure after passing the examination. Under the constraint of standardization system, the public
Shop assistants are walking on thin ice and dare not "cross the line". Sweden has advocated the legal spirit of "eliminating privileges and equality between officials and people" since ancient times.
The supervision of parliamentary Ombudsman, political party supervision and news supervision cooperate with each other and play an effective role, which has become the main political incorruptibility in Northern Europe.
Want a country. Singapore is a country with a strong flavor of China traditional culture, and it is also a country that pays attention to the legal system and builds a clean government.
The soundness and clarity of laws, the independence and efficiency of anti-corruption institutions, and the strictness and strength of anti-corruption measures are unique and attractive, which are worth learning from today's system improvement.
Effectively ensure the effectiveness of political reform. The ongoing political system reform in contemporary China is mainly aimed at establishing state power.
The internal reform of legal supervision is closely related to the supervision goal of controlling power abuse, which is beneficial to
The concrete realization of power control system. The basic ways and methods are: (1) decreasing power. The government only retains part of the management and trial.
The approval of rights cannot interfere with every detail. (2) power decomposition. Power is held by different organs and officials.
Arbitrariness of power. (3) checks and balances of power. The legislature and the judiciary should effectively control the administrative organs.
Change the current situation that administrative power is expanding and legislative and judicial power is weakening. (4) The power supply is turned on. The government should be fully aware of the "black box"
"Operation" is a hotbed of power corruption. In anti-corruption, we can't ignore the attraction and potential of "openness of government affairs".
Power. (5) power supervision. The existing review system, examination and approval system, audit system, supervision system, inquiry system and assessment system.
System, recall system, hearing system, reconsideration system, litigation system, etc. Can be called the sword of power control, and should be constantly improved and developed.
The trend of supporting the construction of special supervision. In addition to establishing and perfecting the restrictive relationship between legislative power, executive power and judicial power, at present, all countries tend to establish external and independent supervisory organs to restrict power in the legal supervision system. Because, "
The current problems are "multi-centered" and cannot be solved by the legislative, administrative and judicial organs alone. It needs one.
Comprehensive organization. [3](P5 18-5 19) Singapore Anti-Corruption Investigation Bureau, Hong Kong Independent Commission Against Corruption, French Administrative Court.
Austrian Constitutional Court, etc. , is a relatively independent supervisory body with clear status, streamlined personnel, and enhanced power and efficiency.
The characteristics and advantages of high speed rate have become a model of new supervision system. In China, people's congresses at all levels, the party's discipline supervision institutions,
Administrative supervision organs, people's procuratorates, auditing organs, etc. Everyone enjoys a certain degree of supervision.
, often take the form of "joint office", investigated and dealt with many major cases. But the disadvantage is that this system makes all kinds of flat
The bank's supervision institutions have the right to supervise, but there are still some defects such as overlapping institutions, unclear division of labor, vague power and low efficiency, which need to be standardized.
Make a clear legal position and division of powers and responsibilities for the above-mentioned regulatory subjects. Therefore, the author suggests that China should merge anti-corruption forces.
Well, establish a national independent commission against corruption, which is responsible for controlling corruption and realizing external, specialized, independent and effective supervision.
Third, the social control of power corruption: restricting power with rights.
Restricting power with rights refers to clarifying the connection and boundary between state power and citizens' rights, giving full play to the public's restrictive role on state power, so that they can protect the power of state organs and their public servants in the process of realizing their rights.
For supervision. This argument is mainly based on the following three reasons:
Legitimate power comes from rights. According to the viewpoint of "people's sovereignty", public power represents the identity and politics of society.
The government is only an agent to realize the common interests of the people. The government, like members of society, has no privilege. Instead, it must obey the structure.
Political, legal and moral constraints form the same rule body. In modern times, the idea that "all power belongs to the people"
It has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the principle that state power is granted by the people and naturally restricted by the rights and interests of the people has also become a reality through constitutional practice.
Social groups, social organizations and social members have the right to participate in political power, vote, question, criticize, suggest and recall.
Exercise rights, hearing rights, appeal rights, accusation rights and accusation rights, safeguard their own interests, restrict power behavior and conduct democratic supervision.
It has become an important basis for ensuring the legitimate operation of state power. But on the other hand, people should also deeply realize that people don't
Directly enjoy legislative, executive and judicial power, but need to entrust specific state organs and public officials to exercise public power.
If the power organ destroys the balanced structure of power and rights, the interests of the people will be harmed. British scholar Harrington once
Asserting that "sovereignty should be an indispensable thing, but it is also a very frightening thing. It's like a soldier's gunpowder.
Sample, can make him safe, also can make him in danger. [4](P 103) Therefore, every time a state sets a power, it must
It is required to represent the will and interests of the people. When the power of the public is too strong, it exceeds the expectations of the will and desire of the power client.
Cases, leading to power behavior and people's rights, we must use legal means to restrain its illegal operation from the generation, distribution and implementation of power.
Illegal power fears power. The essence of democratic supervision lies in mobilizing various social supervision resources, forming a multi-level power supervision network within the society, and realizing the "comprehensive governance" of power control. In this regard, Aristotle gave me
There are many cautionary sayings. He said, "People with many things are not easy to corrupt" and "most people are not easy to corrupt than a few".
Some good people's collectives are inevitably less prone to corruption, which shows that the public's constraint on power is an important constraint. reality
In fact, the power of corruption is to "tear the society that * * * agrees with the common interests of * * * to pieces", which is typical.
Break them down one by one, "and when the people form a joint force, corruption has nowhere to hide and nowhere to do." In contemporary times,
People have realized the power and profundity of social control and used it in many ways. Such as the news media.
Public reports, people's letters and visits, consultations and dialogues organized by the CPPCC, and trade unions and women's federations strive for the interests of socially disadvantaged groups.
Maintenance, social self-governing groups are increasingly playing the role of civil mediation. We believe that when the people are generally mobilized, it is when corrupt elements have nowhere to hide.
The power of heteronomy requires self-discipline. Judging from the balance between power and rights, the public's restriction on government power is only "wishful thinking". Besides being supervised by the public society, the government should also be bound by the internal self-mechanism to realize self-control.
Requirements of law, introspection and self-motivation. For governments at all levels, they should accept the regulation of the system, abide by professional discipline and cater to morality.
The judgment of the government is not only the embodiment of the nature of the government, but also the nature of human beings seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages, otherwise the government will be out of step with the civil society.
No entry. For example, the government will "take the initiative" to take some self-monitoring measures, promulgate various administrative regulations, and strictly grasp the significance.
Management activities, prudent decision-making, democratic centralism and collective leadership, violation of discipline through internal dismissal and punishment.
Members are sanctioned, etc. In order to maintain the government's own image and prevent internal institutions and members from rebelling against the overall goal of government behavior.
. So there are external and internal constraints, heteronomy and self-discipline, compulsion and voluntariness, but in any case, the purpose of constraints is to see the consequences of government power being "restricted".
4. Audit and supervision of power corruption: control power with specialized technology.
Audit, is the national audit institutions by examining the original documents, accounts, statements, assets, documents, to the relevant state organs,
Check, audit, evaluate and verify the financial activities of financial institutions, enterprises and institutions to judge their authenticity, legitimacy and effectiveness.
In modern economic life, driven by economic interests, some lawless people take various means and tricks to step up illegal wealth-gathering activities in property possession, investment appreciation, exchange and distribution, consumption and other aspects. Especially in
In some big cases of violation of discipline and law, there are more and more frauds by using account numbers, with hidden traces and cunning means.
It is necessary to "deal with a man as he deals with you." The understanding of the characteristics of audit supervision is based on audit techniques and methods.
On the basis of this advantage, audit supervision has a complete and scientific operating system, such as review method, verification method and tracking method.
, reverse check method, inventory method, external adjustment method, clue screening method, support reduction method, three-dimensional audit method, supplementary audit method, etc. such
Special technical methods enable audit institutions to expose and correct illegal and corrupt behaviors in the economic field, which is a good method for discipline inspection, supervision and law enforcement.
The establishment of the supervision of the hospital, finance and taxation departments and the detection of major cases. It can be said that audit supervision has become a big market economy.
An important means to control power corruption in the tide is irreplaceable by any other form of supervision. Perspective of its development trend is as follows:
Give play to the economic function of audit supervision. In China, rational thinking on legal supervision tends to emphasize political necessity, and the practice of establishing mutual restraint system in the political field is relatively mature. However, the author believes that the restraint mechanism is not only applicable to
Legislative supervision and law enforcement supervision under the condition of political and social representative system should be more widely used in all economic fields.
Right institutions ". For example, in the case of separation of ownership and management rights of state-owned assets, how to solve the widespread "nationalization"
It should be the focus of legal supervision and discussion to supervise the phenomenon of "seeking personal gain" and withdrawing state-owned assets. Broadly speaking, human existence.
The basic problem is economic, and economic interests have become the driving force of all social activities and the norm of human behavior.
The touchstone of legitimacy. Success and failure, high efficiency and low energy, progress and backwardness all depend on the law of fairness in economic activities.
The realization of rights and interests, power corruption is mainly manifested in the political and economic collusion between illegal power and illegal interests.
Corruption. This requires us to put the supervision in the economic field at a higher level parallel to or even beyond the supervision in the political field.
Speak highly of it. It can be said that audit supervision is rooted in the need to control economic activities. As long as economic activities exist widely, auditing will
To be necessary, the economic significance of audit should be higher than the political significance. Use audit institutions to supervise economic operation and keep it in good condition.
A competitive environment can not only effectively save economic costs, but also be the best preventive measure against power corruption in political and economic collusion.
Pursue the practical value of audit supervision. The practicality of audit supervision is not possessed by all other forms of supervision, that is, whether in theory or in practice, audit work is related to the development of the national economy and escorts the development of the national economy.
Set sail. In our country, unconstitutional review is rarely used, and the right of recall of NPC deputies is rarely exercised. Social groups are not interested in local interests.
However, the premise and consequences of audit supervision are real and often quantified by economic figures.
Indicators and scientific and accurate technical means to express. For the supervised people, once they are investigated for corruption, they will have economic benefits.
Loss, which is painful for the supervised person; For supervisors, due to the accumulation of human civilization, auditors
We can make audit conclusions with confidence, and put those who violate the law and discipline into "irrefutable" reasoning, so as to "make the fox rise again"
Cunning can't beat a good hunter. "Exerting the practicality of this kind of audit supervision is the vitality of audit supervision. But for now,
The application of audit is still not proportional to its actual value, and we still have a lot of work to do in the effect and benefit of audit supervision.
The potential can be tapped. In particular, it is necessary to intensify regular audits of key audit targets and strengthen work in finance, currency, taxation, industry and commerce, and foreign trade.
Activity audit and the implementation of economic responsibility audit of leading cadres in office or leaving office are conducive to setting up an iron wall defense line for power corruption.
Ensure the independent status of audit institutions. Audit institutions shoulder a special mission, which requires them to have an organizational system.
A certain degree of independence, free from interference from other administrative organs, social organizations and individuals. Looking at the current setting of audit institutions in various countries.
There are roughly three kinds. First, it belongs to parliament, and the United States, Canada, Spain and other countries belong to this model; The second is membership.
The government, Sweden, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and other countries adopt this system; Third, it is not subordinate to parliament or government.
Personnel and systems are independent, and audit results are only reported to parliament or government. France, Germany, Japan and India have all established this system.
. China's current system basically belongs to the second type, and the audit institution is one of the working institutions established within the government.
Peer audit is really difficult. Legal supervision itself is "finding fault" and easy to "offend people". Audit institutions and auditors
Standing on the "opposite side" of the audited government agencies and government officials often faces great pressure and resistance. Therefore, the realization of
Effective audit supervision depends on the reform of dual leadership system, so that audit institutions can be set up separately in state organs, directly responsible to higher audit institutions and not subordinate to the government at the same level, and have the right and responsibility, thus realizing advantages and constraints in economic supervision.
Promote the full-time development of audit supervision. The realization of audit supervision right is based on the audit subject mastering professional and technical knowledge,
Therefore, the professional quality of auditors is also higher than that of ordinary national public officials. Auditors should not only have the necessary politics
In addition to political literacy, legal knowledge, management experience and observation ability, you must be familiar with financial knowledge, accounting knowledge, trade knowledge,
Tax knowledge and a certain degree of accounting and auditing methods are the only way to make audit supervision accurate and appropriate.
, fair, objective and legal. Specialization of audit function means that audit institutions arrange their own audit work plans and are independent.
Carefully examine, evaluate and audit the audit report; It means that the funds necessary for audit institutions to perform their duties should be included.
The budget is guaranteed by the government in full and on time; Refers to the auditor as a third party to perform their duties according to law.
Be impartial when conducting the audit; It means that auditors have relatively fixed posts, and their salary, promotion, dismissal and retirement are all guaranteed by law, and they are not allowed to be transferred or dismissed unless they violate the law.
In short, anti-corruption must address both the symptoms and the root causes, and it is fundamental to bring power constraints into the legal system. In the process of anti-corruption, it is especially necessary to control the abuse of power from the perspective of strict economic supervision, which will prevent the types of political and economic collusion.
As an important task. At the same time, it is also an inevitable requirement to bring power corruptors to justice. We firmly believe in corruption.
Take comprehensive measures of legal supervision to control the anger of scum and human beings, and control corruption before it happens.
Now is the time to fight corruption. In this process, legal supervision will certainly contribute to the overall situation of China's reform, development and stability.
refer to
Lin Zhe. Power corruption and power restriction [M]. Beijing: Law Press, 1997.
[2] Boden Hammer. Jurisprudence-philosophy of law and its methods [M]. Beijing: Huaxia Publishing House, 1987.
[3] Gong Xiangrui. Compare the Constitution with the Administrative Law [M]. Beijing: Peking University Publishing House, 1986.
[4] James Harrington. Oceania [M] Beijing: Commercial Press, 1963.