China * * * production party attaches great importance to aviation development for a long time. Under the extremely difficult conditions in the revolutionary war years, a group of aviation technical talents were trained and reserved. During the Great Revolution, party member was selected to study in the Aviation School of the National Revolutionary Army. During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, some party member and Communist Youth League members were transferred to the Soviet Union to study aviation technology. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, a group of * * * party member were transferred to the Kuomintang Aviation School and the Xinjiang Frontier Supervision Office Air Force to study; Establish a school in Yan 'an to train aviation mechanical engineering talents. During the War of Liberation, the first aviation school of the People's Army was established in the northeast to train aviation technicians and prepare for the establishment of the People's Air Force. From 1949 to 1953, according to the decision of the central government, the air force was established on the basis of the army. Gradually establish and improve the operational command, education, training and service support system, and then carry out air defense tasks in key areas, form the Chinese people's Volunteer Army Air Force to participate in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, support the army troops to enter Tibet to fight bandits, and become an air force with certain combat effectiveness.

The establishment of the leading organs 1949 1.8, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee proposed in the instruction of 1949 Current Situation and the Party's Tasks that the air force should be formed at 1949 and 1950. On March 30th, the Aviation Bureau of the Military Commission was established in Beiping (now Beijing), with Chang Gankun as the director and Wang Bi as the political commissar. Unified leadership of the national aviation work, organize the reception of seized aviation equipment, repair airports, shelter, educate and reform aviation technicians of the Kuomintang Air Force, and create conditions for the establishment of the People's Air Force.

On July 6th, President Mao Zedong of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent a letter to Zhou Enlai, proposing the establishment of the People's Air Force. Zhou Enlai immediately organized the preparations for the Air Force. On 26th, the Central Military Commission decided to merge the China People's Liberation Army 14 Corps and the Aviation Bureau of the Military Commission to form the leading body of the China People's Liberation Army Air Force. 10 year125 October, Liu Yalou was appointed commander of the air force, and Xiaohua was appointed political commissar and director of the political department of the air force. On June165438+1October 1 1, the China People's Liberation Army Air Force Command was established in Beijing. The aviation bureau of the former military commission was revoked and the personnel and business were handed over to the Air Force Command. The leading organs of the Air Force have successively established the General Staff (Headquarters), Training Department, Political Department, Engineering Department, Logistics Department, Cadre Department and Political Department directly under the Air Force.

1April 1949 to1April 1950, the aviation departments of North China, East China, Central China (later renamed Central South), Northwest China, Southwest China and Northeast China were established, and they were under the organizational system of the military region. Unified leadership receives and manages aviation facilities, materials and personnel left over by the Kuomintang Air Force, and handles aviation business. 1August 950 to1951February 65438, based on the aviation departments of various military regions and some military and division organs, the air force headquarters of East China, Northeast China, Southwest China, Central South China, North China and Northwest China were established successively. 1952 In March, the Central Military Commission decided that the air force, schools and colleges in all strategic areas of the country should be under the dual leadership of the air force leading organs of the Military Commission and the leading organs of the major military regions. The military region is mainly concerned with operational command, while the air force of the Military Commission is mainly concerned with organization and leadership. The construction and management of the air force are under the unified responsibility of the air force of the Military Commission.

1950 After the Korean Civil War broke out in June, the United States-led "United Nations Army" sent troops to intervene, which put the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in a critical situation and seriously threatened China's security. Shortly after Chinese people's Volunteer Army's ground troops entered the DPRK, the central government decided to form the Chinese people's Volunteer Army Air Force to participate in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. 1951March, the China-DPRK air force joint command was established to uniformly lead and command the volunteer air force. 1 1 June, 2008, Kaiyuan (now Kaiyuan, Liaoning) was established 1 Air Force Military Department; In August 1952 and March 1953, 1 Air Force Headquarters were established in Anton, Liaodong (now Dandong, Liaoning), Shanghai and Weifang, Shandong, respectively, to strengthen the leadership and command of the Air Force.

Establishing the training system of colleges and universities1July, 949, when planning to establish the People's Air Force, the central government decided to take the cadres and students of the old aviation schools in Northeast China as the backbone and asked the Soviet Union to send experts to help them buy planes and aviation equipment from the Soviet Union, so as to establish a number of aviation schools as soon as possible. By June 1950 and 1, seven aviation schools were newly established to rapidly train professional and technical personnel in flight and aviation maintenance. 195 1 year later, the aviation school will continue to be built, and the joint training of pilots and ground crew will be changed to branch training. By the end of 1953, the Air Force had 13 aviation schools, which trained 5 945 pilots (including 55 female pilots), more than 24,000 aviation crew members and nearly10.4 million other cadres. From 1950 to 1953, eight aviation reserve groups (later renamed aviation reserve schools) were established to provide preparatory education for students preparing to enter aviation schools. 195 1 ~ 1953, successively established locomotive school, cadre school (1changed its name to air force political cadre school in September 1952) and commander training class, and gradually established the training system of various types and comprehensive colleges.

In the early days of the establishment of the Air Force, the Central Military Commission adopted the Guiding Principles for the Construction of the Air Force on the Basis of the Army. 1950 ~ 195 1 in 12 division and 49th regimental headquarters were transferred from the army to the air force to form the air force. 1950 On June19, the first aviation unit of the Air Force was established in Nanjing, which was called the Fourth Mixed Brigade of the China People's Liberation Army Air Force. On July 26th, the first airborne unit of China People's Liberation Army was established in Shanghai. It was called China People's Liberation Army Air Force 1 Brigade, later renamed Air Force 1 Division, and was a paratrooper instructor. 165438+1October 2, a brigade of the air force was renamed as a division. On the 24th, the first air force transport aviation unit was established in Xinjin, Sichuan. 1951On April 24th, the First Transport Aviation Division of the Air Force was established. By the end of 1953, the Air Force had grown to 28 divisions with more than 3,000 aircraft of various types.

In the early days of the establishment of the Air Force, the national economy was very difficult, and the central government decided to rebuild and expand a number of airports to ensure the use of aviation schools and aviation units. Support institutions such as radar, communication and meteorology have also been established. The air force is responsible for the special funds and supplies of the air force, and the military region is responsible for the general funds and supplies of the whole army. After the implementation of the new supply support system in the whole army, the Air Force organized logistics supply support in an all-round way from June 1952 to September 1, and basically implemented the air force-army aviation-army supply system. There are air force rear service departments in Northeast China and East China, and each division is responsible for the logistics supply support of air force in 1 area or 1 combat direction.

In the combat mission, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China gave the Air Force the earliest task of participating in the liberation of Taiwan Province Province. 1950, after the Korean War broke out, the central government decided to set up Chinese people's Volunteer Army Air Force to participate in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. 1950 65438+February ~1953 In July, the Chinese people's Volunteer Army Air Force * * * shot down 330 "United Nations Army" aircraft headed by the US military and injured 95; 23 1 shot down, 15 1 injured. More than 300 units and more than 8,000 people have made contributions, among which 6 units have won the first-class collective merit, and 2 1 person has won the title of hero model.

From 1952 to 1953, in the national air defense operation, * * * shot down and injured eight invading harassment planes. On September 20th, 1952, 1 The American B-29 bomber that invaded Shanghai was shot down, which achieved the first success of the air force's national air defense. 1April 1950 to1April 1952,165438+1October, supported army troops to enter Tibet, opened 25 air routes on the Kangzang Plateau, and dropped 2326 tons of various materials. 1In July, 952, we cooperated with army troops to encircle bandits in Heishui, Sichuan and Longnan, and conducted aerial reconnaissance, bombing, strafing, distributing leaflets and logistical support.

All-round development period (1954.1~1966.4)

According to the decisions of the National Senior Cadres' Meeting of the Army System Party held on February 7 ~ 1953, 1954, 65438+1October 26, the Air Force strengthened its construction in an all-round way. According to the unified deployment of the Central Military Commission, 1957, in May, the China People's Liberation Army Air Force and Air Defense Forces were merged into the Air Force, and air defense was integrated and streamlined. With the main weapons and equipment produced by China itself, the army has further developed, its combat effectiveness has been significantly enhanced, and it has made outstanding achievements in national air defense and cooperation with the land and navy in liberating coastal islands.

Air Force and Air Defense Forces Merged1957 On February 2 1 day, the Central Military Commission decided to merge the China People's Liberation Army Air Force and Air Defense Forces into the Air Force. On may 17, the government offices of the air force and the air defense force were co-located. Liu Yalou is the commander and the political commissar. The air force and air defense force authorities of various military regions have successively shared the same place. On July 26, the name of military service of air defense forces was revoked, and the original air defense forces and schools were placed under the Air Force organizational system.

Strengthen the construction of leadership and command institutions. After the merger of the air force and the air defense force, the construction of the air force leadership and command organization will be further strengthened. 1 March 1956,1Air Force Military Department was established in Yangcun, Hebei (now Yangcun, Tianjin),1February 1957 moved to Jinan. 1In August, 958, the air force leading organ of Fuzhou Military Region was established to lead and command the air forces stationed in Fujian and Jiangxi provinces in a unified way. 1 958165438+10 ~1960 February, Jilin, Guangdong and Fujian were established1command organization. 1August 1960,1June 1965 and1June 1965, the leading organs of the air force in Kunming and Chengdu Military Regions were established one after another.

According to the principle of matching with the headquarters of China People's Liberation Army and the characteristics of the air force's combat work, the establishment of the leading organs of the air force has been adjusted one after another. By May 1966, there were 1 1 departments: Headquarters, Political Department, Logistics Department, Engineering Department, Military Training Department, Academy of Military Sciences, Scientific Research Department, Anti-aircraft Gun Command, Second Anti-aircraft Gun Command, Radar Department and Political Department directly under it.

Expansion1September 1956, China began to equip its own combat aircraft, and continued to buy some aircraft and other equipment from abroad, and the army gradually developed. 1June, 958, the first batch of ground-to-air missile units were formed. Since 1959, fighter aviation divisions have successively set up units mainly used for night operations. In order to improve the mobile combat capability, 196 1 in the second half of the year, the aviation units were completely base-based. The flying regiment was changed into a flying brigade. The base belongs to the aviation division, and all personnel and equipment that can be fixed at the base belong to the base. The base is responsible for the maintenance of logistics and aviation engineering. When the aviation division moves, the personnel and equipment belonging to the base will not move with it. In June, the Army 196 1 and 1 troops were transferred to the Air Force and turned into airborne troops. After the localization of surface-to-air missiles, anti-aircraft guns, radars and other equipment, the development of the army has been accelerated, the air defense forces have been strengthened, and the air early warning, command and guidance support capabilities have been further improved.

Strengthen education and training 1954 ~ 1965, and air force academies have been adjusted one after another. 1958, a number of preparatory schools and cultural schools were abolished, and air force colleges, engineering colleges, advanced colleges and communication and health colleges were established successively. By the end of 1965, the Air Force * * * had 29 colleges and universities, established a relatively complete training system, and provided training places for various commanding cadres and professional and technical personnel.

1959 ~ 196 1 year, the Soviet government unilaterally tore up the aid agreement to China, which caused serious difficulties in China's national economy and a serious shortage of aviation engines, spare parts and fuel. In order to overcome the difficulties, the aviation unit carried out the activities of "hard training on the ground and fine flying in the air", and adopted the methods of "large concentration, small penetration" and "parallel training" to maintain the combat effectiveness of the unit and complete the air force's entry into Fujian and national air defense operations. From 65438 to 0964, the technical and tactical level of the troops was significantly improved through mass training and grand contests.

Formulating regulations and compiling teaching materials The regulations and teaching materials used when the China People's Liberation Army Air Force was established were basically copied from the Soviet Union. From 1959 to 1, a large number of personnel were deployed to comprehensively compile rules, regulations, outlines and teaching materials, and the first large-scale theoretical construction work was carried out since the establishment of the Air Force. It took six years and six months to complete 306 books of various rules, regulations, outlines, textbooks and exercises. It plays an important role in strengthening the regularization of the air force, improving the quality and efficiency of work, and promoting the research and development of military theory.

After the end of the Korean War, US military planes frequently reconnoitered and harassed Chinese mainland and coastal areas, and Taiwan Province provincial authorities frequently flew into the mainland, so the air defense situation was tense. From1October 1954 to May 1966, 5 1 aircraft of the authorities of the United States and Taiwan Province Province were shot down and 49 aircraft were injured in national air defense operations. For the first time, B- 17 and P-2V planes were shot down at night with interceptors and anti-aircraft guns equipped with airborne radar, RB-57D and U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance planes were shot down with ground-to-air missiles, and U-6 unmanned high-altitude reconnaissance planes were shot down with J-6 planes.