The main sources of venture financing generally include self-financing, venture capital, angel investment, loans from financial institutions, credit guarantees and other sources. Here are a few channels [1]:
Channel 1
Bank loan is known as the "reservoir" of venture financing. Because banks have strong financial resources and most of them have government background, they have a "mass base" among entrepreneurs. Judging from the current situation, there are four types of bank loans:
1. Mortgage loan refers to the loan method in which the borrower provides certain property to the bank as credit collateral.
2. Credit loan refers to a loan issued by a bank only on the basis of its trust in the borrower's credit standing, and the borrower does not need to provide collateral to the bank.
3. secured loan refers to a loan granted with the credit of the guarantor as the guarantee.
4. Discounted loan refers to the loan method in which the borrower applies to the bank for discount with unexpired bills when in urgent need of funds.
Remind entrepreneurs to be prepared for a "protracted war" from the moment they apply for a bank loan, because applying for a loan is not about dealing with a bank, but going through a series of "doorsteps" such as the industrial and commercial administration department, the tax department and the intermediary agency. Moreover, the procedures are cumbersome and no problem can occur in any link.
channel 2
venture capital in the eyes of many people, venture capitalists have a magical "money bag", and the money falling out of that "money bag" can make entrepreneurs sit on Aladdin's "magic carpet" and soar to the sky. However, venture capital is a kind of high-risk and high-return investment. Venture capitalists enter the start-up enterprises in the form of equity participation. In order to reduce risks, they will withdraw from the investment after realizing the value-added purpose, and will not be tied to the start-up enterprises forever. Moreover, venture capital favors high-tech startups. Remind venture capitalists that although they care about the technology in the hands of entrepreneurs, they are more concerned about the profit model of startups and entrepreneurs themselves.
Channel 3
With the encouragement and guidance of the Chinese government for private investment and the improvement of the marketization of the national economy, private capital is gaining more and more room for development. At present, private investment in China is no longer limited to the traditional manufacturing and service industries, but is "fully blossoming" in the fields of infrastructure, science, education, culture and health, finance and insurance, which is undoubtedly "good" for entrepreneurs who are worried about "finding money" Moreover, the investment operation procedure of private capital is relatively simple, the financing speed is fast and the threshold is low.
Channel 4
Venture financing treasure Venture financing treasure refers to the form of pledging (mortgaging) the entrepreneur's own legal property or other people's legal property under the permission of relevant laws and regulations, so as to provide him with urgently needed start-up capital, working capital and operating capital. The financing project is mainly aimed at "45 personnel" and social youth groups who want to start their own businesses. The procedures for handling venture financing treasure are relatively simple. As long as entrepreneurs have assets, they can apply for loans. The longest loan period is half a year, and the range of items that can be used as collateral is very wide, such as real estate, bulk materials, securities, motor vehicles, watches and so on, all of which are worth more than 3 yuan.
the financing "strength" of venture capital treasure is not very great, so it usually takes several rounds of financing to solve the problem of venture capital. For entrepreneurs, the first financing can't be perfect, don't be too little, the key is to solve the survival problem first, and then seek development.
channel 5
financial leasing financial leasing is a kind of credit method with the direct purpose of financing. On the surface, it is borrowing things, but in essence it is borrowing money, and it is repaid in installments by rent. This financing method has the following advantages: it does not occupy the bank credit line of the start-up enterprise, and the entrepreneur can use the equipment after paying the first rent without investing heavily in the equipment, so that the funds can be transferred to the places where the money is most urgently needed.
financial leasing is a financing method, which is more suitable for start-ups that need to buy large equipment. However, those leasing companies with strong strength and high credit reliability should be selected, and the more flexible the leasing form, the better.
Decision-making principle:
1. Analyze the financing cost and benefit;
2. Grasp the reasonable financing structure and control right;
3. The choice of financing mode should match the growth stage of the venture;
4. Determine the appropriate financing scale and financing period.