20 14- 12-07 | Ruichun | Transfer to Tibet (3)
-ask10.7 trillion yuan lottery funds.
Xinhuanet Beijing1February 7 (Reporter Du Fang, Wei Donghua) Recently, the National Audit Office launched a large-scale audit of lottery funds. According to official data, since China started the lottery business for more than 20 years, the issuance scale has reached/kloc-0.7 trillion yuan. As "commonweal money" raised by mobilizing social forces to participate in welfare undertakings and sports undertakings, there are clear provisions on its use-usually15% of lottery sales is used for distribution fees, 35% for public welfare funds and 50% for bonus pools.
Lottery funds are social welfare funds raised by lottery, which should be "taken from the people and used by the people". The investigation by Xinhua Viewpoint reporter found that there are great differences in the use of lottery issuance fees and public welfare funds, and the standards and whereabouts are vague. On the one hand, the issue fee standard has remained high for many years; On the other hand, there are a lot of public welfare funds lying on the accounts of local governments, and some public welfare funds are used to build buildings, buy yachts and make up for the deficit.
Lottery "issuing fee": 10 has increased by more than 7 times in a year, and the operating space is not small.
According to the data of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, as of March 4, 20 14, the cumulative sales volume of China Welfare Lottery has reached more than one trillion yuan since its establishment in 1987. The reporter learned from the Sports Lottery Management Center of the State Sports General Administration that as of April this year, the 20 th anniversary of the issuance of sports lottery in China has reached more than 700 billion yuan. According to the sales volume of more than 300 billion yuan last year, it is equivalent to that every China person spends an average of more than 200 yuan a year on lottery tickets.
According to reports, the lottery issuance fee is used for betting station rebates, consumables procurement, publicity and marketing, and personnel expenses. Local lottery management agencies have certain autonomy on how to use it. "With the basic completion of the purchase of basic equipment and the popularity of online electronic lottery tickets, in recent years, the follow-up investment in lottery issuance has actually decreased relatively." Li Gang, an associate professor at the School of Finance of Shanghai Normal University who has long studied lottery funds, introduced.
However, the reporter's investigation found that with the rapid increase of lottery sales, the distribution fee of lottery funds15% according to regulations also increased significantly. Not only is it difficult to implement the policy requirement of "standards decrease with scale", but there is still "operating space" in use:
-the standard does not drop all the year round, which leads to high-priced issuance. A series of regulations on lottery management in China clearly put forward that with the expansion of lottery issuance scale and variety, the proportion of lottery issuance fees can be reduced. However, industry insiders said that because this requirement is not mandatory, the issuance fee standards of most lottery varieties have not been adjusted for more than ten years, which has become a "thick line" constraint.
Tao Yixin, head of the Propaganda Department of Zhejiang Welfare Lottery Distribution Management Center, said that 10 years ago, the local welfare lottery sales amounted to 500 million yuan, and now it has reached10 billion yuan. According to the standard of different lottery issuance rates, the reporter calculated that in only 20 13 years, the welfare lottery issuance fee in this province reached nearly1800 million yuan. According to the data of the Ministry of Finance, in 20 13, the national lottery sales amounted to 309.3 billion yuan, while in 2004 it was less than 40 billion yuan. According to experts' calculations, after 2002, the issuance rates of major lottery varieties basically remained at around13% to15%, and the issuance fees have increased more than seven times since 10.
-Procurement rent-seeking corruption is frequent. The person in charge of a listed printing company revealed that at present, advertisements, games and other graphics and texts are printed on the back of each lottery ticket, which needs to be printed by outsourcing enterprises. "Most provinces are printed by one or two companies for a long time, and it is not known through what channels to obtain business." Little known is that the printing and paper supply business of thin lottery tickets is also "amazing".
Take Hongbo, a listed lottery printing company, as an example. In 20 13 years, its main business income was about 7. 1 1 100 million yuan, of which the gross profit margin of printing business was as high as 34%. Audit institutions have also found out that Zhang Weihua, former deputy director of the National Sports Lottery Center, and Liu Feng, former director of the Printing Department, artificially added links and changed hands to purchase high-priced thermal paper for lottery tickets, resulting in a loss of 234 1 10,000 yuan in national lottery issuance fees.
-spending money indiscriminately, even "money can't be spent." When Wang Zengxian, the former director of Qingdao Fucai Distribution Center, who was accused of embezzling 47.44 million yuan, was in office, he spent 20 million yuan to buy the top luxury yacht in China at that time. According to the bidding documents of Guangdong Provincial Government Procurement Center obtained by the reporter, from 20 13 1 1 month, a lottery management center in Guangdong Province also announced that it would lower the bidding requirements, and a food store in Nansha District of Guangzhou won the bid for 988,950 yuan.
Building a government building to make up for the office deficit, half of the lottery public welfare fund "sleeping"
"The essence of lottery is to raise public welfare funds from the society through special government undertakings. The ultimate goal is not to make profits, not to gamble and entertain, but to supplement public welfare expenditures by people buying lottery tickets." Shi Zhengwen, director of the Finance and Tax Law Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law, said. Over the past 20 years since the establishment of Fucai and Sports Lottery, China has raised more than 3 100 billion yuan and 200 billion yuan of public welfare funds. Where are these public welfare funds that should be "taken from the people and used by the people"?
The reporter learned that according to the regulations, after the lottery center is turned over to the public welfare fund at a ratio of 35%, how to spend it is a matter for the government authorities. Take the welfare lottery as an example, half of the public welfare fund is turned over to the central government and the other half is left at the local level. The part turned over to the central government shall be distributed to social security funds, special public welfare funds, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the State Sports General Administration according to the proportion of 60%, 30%, 5% and 5%; Those who stay in the local area are also required to be used for five types of public welfare undertakings: "helping the elderly, helping the disabled, saving orphans, helping the poor and providing disaster relief".
However, in reality, some local public welfare funds are inefficient, or are "sleeping" or reduced to "small treasury":
-"sleep on the account." By the end of 20 12, there were 425 million yuan unused sports lottery public welfare funds in Shandong province, of which 4 cities and 34 counties did not use sports lottery public welfare funds, accounting for more than half of the amount allocated in that year; As of February 20 10, the accumulated balance of Shanghai Welfare Lottery Public Welfare Fund was 64180,000 yuan, accounting for over 80% of the total public welfare funds raised.
According to industry insiders, it is a common phenomenon that half of the public welfare funds in the local areas are "sleeping on their accounts". The person in charge of the financial department of a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu said that although it is clear that lottery funds can be used to supplement the social security fund, in fact, "the money has never been really used". "The reason is that how to divide this money has become the power of the department, and even if you don't spend it, you don't spend it."
The relevant person in charge of the Zhejiang Welfare Lottery Issuance Management Center said that the retained funds are often to "make big projects". Some lottery grassroots staff admit that there is no lack of political achievements. For example, give priority to the special funds of this department, or deposit them for "preparing for a rainy day".
-Building a building and renting a house. Even under the banner of public welfare, funds have been repeatedly misappropriated. According to the report of Shanghai Audit Bureau, in 2009, the city spent * * *16.43 million yuan on the public welfare fund for the renovation of stadiums and gymnasiums, but 5.43 million yuan was actually spent on the renovation of office buildings in stadiums and gymnasiums, the repair of rented houses and the purchase of office equipment, and the expenditure exceeding the prescribed scope accounted for nearly 30% of the total expenditure.
In fact, it is very common that the lottery public welfare fund, which is used for public welfare undertakings, is used by civil affairs, sports and other competent departments to build buildings and buy cars. According to the announcement of the Audit Office of Hubei Province, Ezhou Civil Affairs Bureau has misappropriated 388,000 yuan of public welfare funds for the construction of office buildings; In addition, 13 city, state and 28 counties' sports bureaus misappropriated public welfare funds by about1780,000 yuan.
-used as office expenses. Wang Yongjun, dean of the Institute of Finance and Economics of the Central University of Finance and Economics, said that the lottery public welfare fund should not be used to balance the general budget, but at present, the design of the lottery management system has obvious departmental color and becomes "which department sells lottery tickets and which department benefits". If the department's funds are insufficient, it will be supplemented by the public welfare fund. For example, Hubei Songzi Civil Affairs Bureau used to misappropriate130,000 yuan lottery public welfare fund for government funds, while Jingmen Civil Affairs Bureau used 398,000 yuan to pay wages.
Speed up the reform to avoid the public welfare fund becoming a "small treasury"
In fact, as early as 200 1 year, the Notice of the State Council on Further Standardizing Lottery Management pointed out that there were some problems such as the high proportion of lottery issuance expenses and the narrow use scope of lottery public welfare fund. At the same time, the reform direction of "reducing the issuance cost and increasing the lottery public welfare fund" is clarified.
The reporter learned from the interview that "many hands-on links", "many coveted departments" and "great personal power" are outstanding problems in lottery fund management, and the income of public welfare funds at all levels is often far greater than the expenditure of the year. Experts believe that this inefficient situation actually violates the original intention of setting up the lottery business.
In recent years, many leaders of the National Sports Lottery Center and lottery centers in Shaanxi and Qingdao have been dismissed. "In the use of public funds, it is necessary to reduce the examination and approval links and speed up the utilization efficiency of funds." Liu Qiao, a professor at Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, said. Some experts suggest that the public welfare fund can be transformed into gambling tax, and the financial resources should be used as a whole to avoid interception.
Shi Zhengwen suggested that we should also speed up the reform of marketization of institutions and separation of management and operation, so as to decouple the lottery business from the administrative department. It is understood that in the lottery issuance management, "the top leaders are also officials and businessmen, controlling hundreds of millions of funds" is an important reason for the failure of fund management. With the rapid increase of sales volume, the contradiction between lottery management institutions and operating institutions is becoming prominent.
Experts suggest that in the reform, we can legislate specifically for the lottery industry, and set up a supervision Committee that is separated from the department to supervise according to law; The allocation of funds should also be included in the national budget to ensure the full use of special projects and avoid the formation of departmental balances. Zhang Zhanbin, director of the Economics Department of the National School of Administration, believes that lottery funds need to improve performance. "If the supervision system is too broad or flawed, there will be problems such as misappropriation of funds, and even this public welfare industry will become a high-risk area for corruption."