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A generation of literary giant Liu Zongyuan
There are Liuhou Temple and Liuhou Tomb in Liuhou Park, which were built by Liuzhou people to commemorate Liu Zongyuan, a famous thinker, writer and politician in China more than 1000 years ago.
Liu Zongyuan (773-8 19) was born in Hedong (now Yongji County, Shanxi Province) in the Tang Dynasty and was known as Liu Hedong in the world. Because of his outstanding achievements in Liuzhou secretariat, he died here, and the world is also called Liu Liuzhou. When he was a teenager, he studied hard and was full of talent. His articles have become very famous. In Yong Zhenyuan (AD 805), he joined the political reform group headed by Wang Shuwen. He was promoted to be a foreign minister in charge of etiquette and other government affairs. The reform measures include cracking down on the autocratic power of eunuchs and the arrogance of buffer regions, dismissing corrupt officials, and abolishing some exorbitant taxes and levies. But this struggle to reform corrupt politics was stifled by conservative forces. Reformist leader Wang
Uncle Wen was killed, Wang Lai was forced to death, and eight innovative figures, such as Liu Zongyuan and poet Liu Yuxi, were demoted to the border state as Sima respectively, which is called the "Two Kings and Eight Sima Events" in history.
Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou (now Yongzhou City, Hunan Province) for ten years. During this period, he wrote many poems, expressing his love for life, pinning his feelings of worrying about the country and the people, and attacking ignorant and backward thoughts and social phenomena. There are fables such as "The Donkey of Guizhou" which satirizes the darkness of society and exhorts the world, biographies such as "The Snake Catcher" which eulogizes the working people and exposes tyranny, poems such as "Eight Records of Yongzhou", which depicts the local landscape and natural scenery delicately, and poems such as "Tianjia" which reflect the sufferings of farmers, and some philosophical papers which criticize the superstitious thoughts of "Destiny" and "Divine Right by Sovereignty".
In 8 15, Liu Zongyuan was transferred to Liuzhou secretariat. When he arrived in Liuzhou, he boarded the tower, overlooking the wonderful and beautiful mountains and rivers, remembering his demoted colleagues and feeling that the refugees in China were in a difficult situation, and his heart was heavy. He wrote the poem "Climbing the Liuzhou Tower to Send Zhangzhou, Tingfeng and Lianzhou"
At this time, he was sickly and came to a remote and backward minority settlement, and his spirit was not depressed. He chanted a poem: "From now on, it's not the same thing to worry about, so how can China wait for a fleeting time?" Determined to do practical things for the people of Liuzhou, don't let the years go by. With deep sympathy and intimacy, he deeply observed and understood the life habits of ethnic minorities. Made a vivid description in the poem, such as "liuzhou cave for self-protection":
The county is connected to Tianjin under the south of the city, and the different clothes are not amiable.
Green bread wrapped in salt belongs to the cave guest, and green poached rice takes advantage of the crowd.
Goose feathers are made of wax to sew the mountain cave (ji, wool felt), and chicken bones worship the water god for years.
I am anxious to ask the court for a retranslation, and I want to vote for Zhang Fu's composition.
Mountain people use bamboo leaves to wrap salt, lotus leaves to pack rice to fill their hunger, and clothes made of goose feathers and fur to keep out the cold; Chicken bone divination asks whether the year will be good or bad, and worships the water god in case of drought. All this made him feel novel. Because of the language barrier, he came up with the idea of living and learning a language in order to bridge the gap with them.
In the second month in Liuzhou, Liu Zongyuan restored the Confucius Temple, and strongly expressed his wish to develop local cultural education in the inscription on the tablet. He is very knowledgeable and enlightens people to read and write, and Liuzhou's cultural atmosphere is greatly open. Scholars in Hunan today often go not far down to Liuzhou to worship him as a teacher. While improving people's cultural knowledge, he should also reform backward customs that hinder production. At that time, Liuzhou still had a bad habit of superstitious witch gods. When he was sick, he asked the wizard to slaughter large and small animals to sacrifice to the gods. If he was ill, he thought that God would not let him live, so he went on a hunger strike and waited for death. Because of the high mortality rate, the lack of cattle and the lack of farmland, Liu Zongyuan used the Buddhist view of forbidding killing and medical knowledge to enlighten them. There is also a bad habit: the poor borrow usury, and when they can't pay it back at maturity, they will become slaves forever. Liu Zongyuan made a rule: those who become handmaiden due to debts can be redeemed if they can pay the debts, and those who can't pay can be paid according to the time of labor. If the payment is offset by the debts, the status of handmaiden will be cancelled. This has relieved the suffering of many oppressed and enslaved people. States in northern Guangxi and northeastern Guangxi followed his example and liberated thousands of indebted handmaiden within one year. In Biography of Children's Districts, Liu Zongyuan warmly praised the 11-year-old Liuzhou Zhuang shepherd boy's district posting, bravely defeated two robbers who used violence to arrest themselves and sell them as slaves, and profoundly exposed the ugly social phenomenon of local looting and selling handmaiden.
Liu Zongyuan attaches great importance to planting trees in Liuzhou. He personally planted two hundred citrus trees in the northwest of the city, and wrote the poem "Planting Ganshu in the northwest corner of Liuzhou City":
I planted 200 plants of Huanggan by hand, and new leaves came all over the city in spring.
Fang Tongchu pitied the imperial tree and did not learn from Jingzhou Limu slave.
How old are you when you blossom and smell the snow?
If you teach to wait for the forest day, you will taste as good as the old man.
He said that planting oranges is not like Li Heng, the governor of Danyang in Dongwu, but only for his own children and grandchildren, but for the benefit of local public. It is also to appreciate the unswerving character of orange trees like Qu Yuan. In the title of "Planting Willow Plays", he wrote humorously: "Liuzhou willow thorn history, planting willow riverside". In Jiang Nanan, we also organized manpower to plant 30,000 bamboo poles, open hundreds of vegetable fields and cultivate several acres.
At that time, residents were superstitious about ghosts and gods, afraid to break ground and dig wells, and had to go to the river to get water. The bank was steep and difficult to walk, and it was windy and rainy, which was even more miserable. Liu Zongyuan used public funds to recruit people to dig wells, which not only solved the water difficulties, but also broke the superstitious habits. When there was a drought, according to the regulations of the court, he also went to Dalongtan to pray for rain. This did not mean to advocate superstition, but only to perform the duties of a local governor. However, this practice of leading social contradictions caused by drought to "providence" is not worth taking.
After several years of hard work, the appearance of Liuzhou City has changed a lot, the population has increased, the city streets have been renovated, new houses have been built, new ferries have been added everywhere, the pond gardens are clean and tidy, and pigs, cows, chickens and ducks are fat. Compared with Liu Zongyuan's chaotic situation when he first arrived in Liuzhou, when thieves were everywhere, they tied the strong and killed the old and cried, people's lives were much more stable.
Liu Zongyuan loves the people of Liuzhou and the natural scenery of Liuzhou. He visited the Liujiang River and nearby mountain peaks, and wrote A Traveler's Record of Liuzhou Mountain and Waters, which has the characteristics of geography and travel notes. He wrote about E Mountain, Driving Heshan Mountain, Pingshan Mountain, Dalongtan Mountain, etc. He boarded Ma 'anshan and Liyufeng, and made a vivid and detailed description of Xianyiyan and other places of interest. He also built an East Pavilion suitable for viewing at the Liujiang River outside the south gate of the city, and turned a deserted land into a scenic spot with beautiful environment. He integrated his anxiety into the description of Liuzhou's peculiar landscape and wrote a poem that was popular. For example, "Seeing the Mountain and Sending Friends to Beijing with the Master in Haochu":
The eagle's nest on the sea is like a sharp sword, and it cuts the sadness of man everywhere in autumn.
How can let this body change into Qian Qian million, scattered to each summit to look at home!
In the 14th year of Yuanhe (AD 8 19), Liu Zongyuan died in Liuzhou. People obeyed his will and parked his spiritual pivot beside the Luochi he loved when he was born. He was an honest official. After his death, orphans and widows had a hard life, and the funeral expenses were raised by living friends. His spiritual pivot was transported back to Wannian County, Chang 'an. Liuzhou people built his tomb in the former Lingshu, and built Luochi Temple (now called Liuhou Temple) next to Luochi to commemorate him. In the Song Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan was canonized as Wenhui Hou, and in the Yuan Dynasty, he was canonized as Wenhui Zhaoling Gong, and was presided over by Liuzhou Road Chief to rebuild the Liuhou Temple. The stone statue of Liu Zongyuan preserved in the temple has been 700 years.
Although Liu Zongyuan's ambition to care about people's livelihood and reform corrupt politics failed to come true, he was strong-willed and struggled all his life. In a difficult and difficult situation, he created brilliant achievements with outstanding talent and great efforts, leaving a valuable spiritual wealth for future generations.