The monarch of Sukhothai Dynasty was Langanheng the Great, and he was honored as "the father of Thailand" by the Thai people. His greatest contribution was to change Khmer into Thailand's own script, which was put into use when the inscription was engraved in 1292, so Thai became popular throughout the country in 1292.
After the establishment of Sukhothai dynasty, the country was rich and the people were safe, and its forces began to expand to the Chao Phraya River basin. At the beginning of14th century, the influence of Sukhothai dynasty had spread to the whole Malay Peninsula and Laos.
The reason why Langanheng the Great is highly respected is that he unites all ethnic groups and treats ethnic minorities except Thais equally, such as Khmer, Malay and Chinese. He advocated Buddhism and sent believers to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) to study Buddhist scriptures. Since then, Hinayana Buddhism has occupied a major position in Thailand. After Lan Ganheng's death, the once powerful dynasty gradually declined. At this time, a Thai power in eastern Thailand gradually grew and spread rapidly to the central region. 1347, a satrap's son-in-law, Ramatiebodhi, assembled his troops and built a new city at the confluence of the Chao Phraya River and the Basse River, which was named "Ayutaya" (known as the Great City in China) and became king. This is the beginning of the dynasty of big cities in Thailand.
After Ramadi Bodhi became king, he immediately launched a diplomatic and military offensive to unify the whole country. His shrewd thinking and ability to govern the country laid the foundation for the inheritance of the great city dynasty. Dacheng dynasty lasted more than 400 years and experienced 33 kings. /kloc-At the end of 0/5th century, after the route from the Cape of Good Hope in Africa to the East was opened, Europeans began to trade in Thailand. The Portuguese came first. They occupied the Straits of Malacca and arrived in Dacheng on 15 12. Since then, the Dutch, the British and the French have also come one after another in an attempt to gain benefits from this rich land of Thailand.
1767, the Burmese army invaded the big city, and all the palaces, Buddhist temples, private houses and art treasures in the city were destroyed. Now, the splendid halls and pavilions in the past are only dilapidated and full of weeds, just for tourists to mourn. The capital of Dacheng Dynasty fell in 1767, and the Burmese army stationed troops to suppress the Thai resistance. However, in the southeast coast of Thailand, an anti-Burmese army has risen, and the main commander is the general of Dacheng Dynasty (called Zheng in China history books? )。 Zheng Xin is a Chinese China. His father Yongzheng was born in Chenghai, Guangdong. Because of his poor family, he went to Thailand to make a living and married a Thai woman. He gave birth to Zheng Xin in 1734.
After the big city was occupied, Zheng Xin led his entourage to escape from the big city, set up a base in Rayong, southeast Thailand, reorganized his troops, and launched a large-scale counterattack six months later. First, it conquered the west bank of Bangkok and annexed Wu Li. Then, they attacked big cities and fought bloody battles with the Burmese army. Finally, the big city was recovered.
After Zheng Xin entered the city, he saw that there was only a scorched earth left in the former big city, so he decided to move the capital to the west bank of Chao Phraya River to annex Wu Li, establish the third dynasty of Thailand, and annex Wu Li Dynasty. Zheng Xin, which rebuilt its homeland, wiped out other forces that ruled this land, recovered lost land and unified Thailand. However, due to the struggle for power and profit within the court in the late period of the rule, the concubines were insane, and Wang Zheng died in a coup in 1782 at the age of 48. Wu Li Dynasty was annexed for only thirteen years.
In order to commemorate the great achievements of Zheng Wang in recovering lost land and unifying the country, later generations established the Zheng Wang Temple in Tun area, and shaped a new monument in the center of Daluodou Square, on which stood a bronze statue riding a horse and waving a sword, which was extremely heroic. Every year on February 28th, 65438, on the coronation day of King Zheng, the border king of Thailand personally presided over the commemorative ceremony. As usual, people held a ceremony near the bronze statue to celebrate the Zheng Dynasty for two days and nights. After the overthrow of the Zheng Xin Dynasty, his subordinate Zhao Piye Ji Jie was crowned king, and his reign was from 1782 to 1809. He is King Rama I (Rama is a hero in Thai folklore), also known as the Bangkok Dynasty or the Ji Jie Dynasty, which continued to the Thai Dynasty. Is the ancestor of the current emperor Bhumibol the Great (King Rama IX).
The first important thing for King I to make him queen was to move the palace address from Dun Ngari to Bangkok, which became the fourth national capital in Thai history. Then imitate the palace model of big cities and start building new palaces. He found all the craftsmen who survived the robbery in the old city and built a world-famous building-the Grand Palace River Jade Buddha Temple. Since then, the Bangkok dynasty has been more than 200 years, but the royal family is still the Rama family, and the capital is still Bangkok.
Rama I was succeeded by Buddha Lotra Nabalai (1809 ~ 1824), who reigned for fifteen years. He sent envoys to Beijing twice during Jiaqing and Daoguang years in Qing Dynasty. However, what is most praised by later generations is his contribution to art. He has built and restored countless temples in Bangkok, the most famous of which is Wat Arun. He also carried out diplomatic activities to allow Portugal to set up the first western embassy in Bangkok.
During the reign of King Jessadabodindra from 1824 to 185 1, Siam continued its policy of reopening to the outside world and successfully traded with China. A steady stream of colored ceramics in China made him advocate decorating many temples with ceramics. He is also an extremely devout Buddhist, encouraging American missionaries to introduce western medicine and printing to Thailand. After improvement, Thailand began Thai printing, and smallpox vaccine was also introduced from the United States at that time.
Monkou is the younger brother of Gessa Dabodindra (185 1 ~ 1868). He was a monk for 27 years before he succeeded King Rama IV. He was one of the wise kings of Ji Jie Dynasty and the first monarch in Thai history to accept western academic thoughts. He is proficient in Buddhism, science, knowledge and many languages. He explored many subjects, such as western history, geography, mathematics, modern science, especially astronomy. He successfully predicted a total solar eclipse on August 1868. At that time, many European and Asian scientists went to the southeast coast of the Gulf of Thailand with incredible feelings for observation. On this day, as expected, the moon stood in front of the earth and the whole sun was covered. Monkou's success is highly regarded in astronomy in the East and the West. In order to resist the aggression of western countries, he turned to armed struggle with neighboring countries, established diplomatic relations with many western countries, and successively signed commercial or friendly treaties with Britain, the United States, France, Denmark, the Netherlands, Portugal, Belgium and other countries. Undoubtedly, this practice led to the fate of his country from foreign bullying to colonization.
Monkou was succeeded by his son when he was only 15 years old. His successor is King Bangkok V, the most famous emperor Chulalongkorn in Thai history.
The fifth emperor, Wang, was brilliant, kept a low profile and defended his country. At that time, imperialism was approaching step by step, and the emperor did not yield to force. He turned the tide through military and diplomatic means, and finally Thailand maintained its territorial integrity and sovereign independence. He also personally founded Paizunzong in imperial academy, which trained a new generation of outstanding military talents and strengthened the power to defend the national territory.
The emperor visited western European powers many times to learn from experience, reform national politics, set up schools of administration, law and medicine, and reform tax and customs systems. The emperor built the first railway and the first hospital in Thailand, and established and completed running water, electricity, telecommunications and telephone systems. During his visit to Europe, the emperor was deeply impressed by the rule of law and civil rights in civilized countries. He changed the rules of the imperial court, abolished the ancient bow-down etiquette, abolished slavery, and built schools, museums and libraries. The national education system was promulgated, the first railway in China was built, the road system was developed, and the post office and the first hospital in Siam (Lira Hospital) were founded. Historians call his rule "the era of reform". In fact, this period was the beginning of Thailand's modernization.
Chulalongkorn died in 19 10 and reigned for 42 years. In order to commemorate his achievements, later generations placed a bronze statue of him in front of the parliament building in Bangkok. Every year on123, the anniversary of his death, a grand commemoration will be held in this square.
Vajiravudh, the successor of Chulalongkorn, was King Rama VI. He was born in Oxford, England and served in the British army. His reform measures are guided by the western spirit. One of his important changes was the promulgation of an imperial edict in 19 13, requiring subjects to adopt surnames, which changed the history of Thailand with only a first name but no surnames. He promoted primary education throughout the country and established Chulalongkorn University, the first university in Bangkok. Among his great achievements, the most far-reaching influence is to ask the people to improve their national concepts, thus generating patriotic feelings. King Vachira VI married very late, and his only daughter was born the day before the death of 1925, so his younger brother Prajaxipok succeeded to the throne. With the trend of the world, the power of the royal family is gradually restricted by the constitution. During the reign of King Rama VII, the monarchy that lasted for more than 700 years ended, and the constitutional monarchy was implemented on 1932 12 10, and the constitution was promulgated. Since then, Thailand has become a constitutional monarchy, that is, the king continues to be in office, and the government is organized by the National Assembly to handle state affairs, which has continued to this day.
1935, King VII of England abdicated. He retained the honorary title of Prince Sukhothai and spent the rest of his life in England. His ten-year-old nephew aranda Mahidol succeeded him as King Rama VIII. When he was still studying in Switzerland, he got the help of three directors until he finished his studies. 1945, King ananda Mahilon turned 20 years old, and people all over the country happily welcomed him back to power. However, a year later, on June 9th, 1946, the young king was shot in his bedroom. So his younger brother bhumibol adulyadej succeeded to the throne. That is, the current ninth monarch of the Keji dynasty.