Jiangnan manufacturing bureau, referred to as Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau or Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration for short, also known as Shanghai Machinery Bureau, is a modern military industrial production organization established in the Westernization Movement in the Qing Dynasty, the most important military factory in China in the late Qing Dynasty, and the largest modern military enterprise opened by the Westernization School of the Qing government.

The early factory buildings in jiangnan manufacturing bureau are also one of the earliest new factories in modern times. It is the predecessor of Jiangnan Shipyard and the largest arms factory in modern China.

1June, 865 Ding Richang of Susong Taidao presented to Li Hongzhang. The customs is in charge of Tang Guohua, and has studied abroad, so he was put in prison for it. Robert Hart, the chief tax officer, interceded for him. Guo Deyan, the director, and Zhang Can and Qin Ji, who were dismissed in the same case, raised 42,000 yuan to buy Hongkou Iron Works owned by a westerner (American Flag Iron Works in Hongkou, Thoshunt &; Co.) for atonement.

The Qiji Iron Works was set up by American T. J. Falls, and he wanted to sell it, because he used to make weapons such as cannons for the Qing army, which was rejected by other outsiders.

The Qing court originally intended to buy the factory, but foreigners offered more than 102 thousand, so there was no deal in the past. The difference between the official price and the civilian price is so great that it is true in ancient and modern times.

After buying it, we have tried to build four 12-pound bronze fireworks and sent them to Fenghuangshan military camp for trial release. This factory can build large and small iron boats, fireworks, guns, etc. It is the largest foreign iron factory in Yangjingbin area of Shanghai (that is, the original birthplace of Yangjingbin, originally a small river, which has been filled up now, in the area of Yan 'an East Road). Its official acquisition time was1June, 865.

Established in Shanghai on September 20th, 1865, this organization was planned by Zeng Guofan and actually managed by Li Hongzhang. It is the largest westernization enterprise founded by Li Hongzhang in Shanghai.

It has been expanding, and has built more than a dozen branches, employing 2,800 engineers, capable of manufacturing guns, ammunition, ships, machines, as well as cultural and educational institutions such as translation halls and Cantonese dialects halls. However, there is still a strong habit of yamen in its management.

Extended data:

First, the main contents of the Westernization Movement:

1, under the banner of "self-improvement", introduce advanced western production technology, establish a new military industry, train a new navy and army, and build a modern navy such as Beiyang Navy. Among them, the largest modern military enterprise is Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration, which was founded in Shanghai.

2. Under the banner of "seeking wealth", establish various new civilian industries such as ships, railways, telegrams, mining and textiles. For example, the largest civil enterprise established in Shanghai is "China Merchants Bureau for Ships". At the same time, it promoted the development of national industry in modern China.

3. Establish new schools, send overseas students abroad for further study, and train translators, military personnel and scientific and technological personnel. 1862 The Jingshi Tongwen Museum, established in Beijing, is the earliest government-run new school in China.

Second, other arsenals:

1, Fuzhou Shipping Bureau?

Fuzhou Shipping Bureau is a new shipbuilding enterprise operated by the late Qing government to manufacture warships and gunboats. Also known as Mawei Shipping Bureau. 1866 Zuo Zongtang (1812 ~1885) was founded when he was the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and was later presided over by Shen Baozhen (1820 ~1879), who appointed the French.

The Bureau of Shipping Administration mainly consists of three parts: iron works, shipyards and shipping administration schools. 1June, 869 10, the first ship made by the Bureau of Shipping was launched.

Ship Administration School (Qiushitang Art Bureau) has two classes: manufacturing and sailing, which require students to be able to build ships according to drawings and be captains respectively. And sent personnel to study in Britain and France to learn driving and shipbuilding techniques.

2. Tianjin Machinery Manufacturing Bureau

The largest arsenal in the north, founded by the Qing government, mainly produces ammunition. Also known as Tianjin Machinery Bureau and Beiyang Machinery Bureau. 1867 (the sixth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty), in order to establish an arsenal directly controlled by the central government, the Qing government established Chonghou, a minister of trade and industry of three countries, in Tianjin.

At the beginning of its establishment, he was a full-time British official in charge of bureau affairs. 1870 In the winter, after Li Hongzhang became governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang, he was transferred from jiangnan manufacturing bureau to take charge of Premier Shen Baojing. After rectification and expansion, the scale has expanded rapidly and the variety of products has been increasing.

The perennial funds of Tianjin Machinery Manufacturing Bureau are allocated by Tianjin and Yantai Customs with "40% foreign tax", which is about 300,000 yuan per year. Since the sixth year of Guangxu (1880), an additional 12,000 yuan has been added to the northwest border defense salary of the household department every year. Fourteen years later (1888), another foreign medicine lijin was allocated from the naval yamen as a subsidy for perennial funds. In the 19th year (1893), a steel-making plant was built. The bureau is divided into East Bureau and West Bureau.

The East Bureau set up Jiajiagu in the east of the city, mainly manufacturing gunpowder, guns, bullets and mines. Chengnan Haiguang Temple was set up in the West Bureau, mainly for manufacturing military equipment, flowering bullets and arranging ships and river-digging boats for mines.

The arms produced by the East and West Bureaus are not only supplied to the Huai 'an troops, soldiers and gunboats in this province, but also allocated to the Huai 'an Army in Jilin, Fengtian, Chahar, Jehol and the land and water defense in the south of the Yangtze River on time. In addition, the East Bureau also has a naval academy, a mine school and a telegraph school.

In the 21st year (1895), it was renamed "Beiyang Machinery Manufacturing Bureau" (also known as "Prime Minister Beiyang Machinery Bureau"). Twenty-six years (1900), when Eight-Nation Alliance occupied Tianjin, it was destroyed.

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