Luo Guihuan
(Institute of Natural Science History, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1000 10)
Wuyishan in northwest Fujian is a famous mountain with rich biodiversity. Since Tan Weidao, a French missionary, collected many new species of animals and plants there in the second half of the19th century, it has attracted wide attention from western biologists. Since then, many foreign naturalists have been there for biological investigation and collection. They collected a large number of animal and plant specimens from the Guadun area of Wuyi Mountain, among which a large number of birds, amphibians, reptiles, fish and insects are new species that have not been scientifically described before. Hundreds of zoological specimens collected here later became model specimens. In the early 20th century, the influential books such as the Handbook of Birds in East China and the Reptiles in China published by Britain and the United States respectively have a close relationship with this area. For the above reasons, Wuyi Mountain has gradually become a sacred place for animal researchers and is well known to the world.
Keywords: Wuyishan; West; biology
Classification number of Chinese library: O 15
Article identification code: a Article number:
Wuyishan is a famous mountain in southeast China, located at the junction of Fujian and Jiangxi provinces, winding for hundreds of kilometers. Wuyishan in Fujian has the reputation of "southeast of Qixiu Jia" and has long been known for its beautiful scenery. Wuyi Mountain is towering, and its main peak, Huanggang Mountain, is 2 158 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the southeast of China. The numerous peaks and canyons here form a very complex terrain. Because of the high altitude of the mountain peak, it forms a natural climate barrier, which blocks the cold air from the north in winter and preserves a large number of warm and humid marine air masses in summer, making a large area of intact green-leaf broad-leaved forest develop here. The forest coverage rate is 95%, and natural vegetation is the best preserved part in the southeast. At the same time, it is also the intersection of Arctic flora and paleotropical flora. In addition, different heights have different climatic types and different ecological conditions, so not only the vertical distribution zone of plants is obvious, but also different types of animal species on the north and south sides are particularly numerous. Animal geography is very distinctive. There are not only many animals belonging to the Oriental realm, but also many animal species belonging to the Palaearctic realm. Since19th century, it is famous for its rich biodiversity. In particular, Guadun, Dazhulan and Sangang, which are listed as the core areas of Wuyishan Nature Reserve today, are more than 1,000 meters above sea level, which is an ideal place to collect animal and plant specimens. The species of mammals, birds, reptiles and insects here are extremely rich. According to experts, there are about 19 1 800 species of higher plants in Wuyishan, including 22 species of Ginkgo biloba, Liriodendron chinense and Hemlock australis, which are listed in the China Plant Red Book. There are about 100 species of mammals, accounting for a quarter of similar animals in China; Among them are rare animals such as tigers, leopards and crested deer. There are more than 400 species of birds, accounting for about one-third of similar animals in China, of which 160 species are recorded only near Guadun, including more than 40 new species found locally, such as silver pheasant, yellow-lipped owl and Guadun crow. There are about 100 species of amphibians and reptiles, among which the salamander, salamander, rain frog in Sangang, flat-breasted turtle with big head and lizard in Chongan, which are called "horned monsters", are all rare endemic species in the world. There are more than 30 kinds of fish. There are especially many insects here. There are 32 orders of insects in China. There are 3 1 order collected here, and the number of species is estimated to be more than 20,000 [1].
In modern times, westerners knew about Wuyishan soon after contact with China. Of course, they knew that this famous mountain was not because of its beautiful scenery, nor because there were many kinds of creatures, but because it produced Wuyi tea, an important export commodity of China. Therefore, modern westerners call Wuyishan the name of Wuyi tea-Bohea [2]. However, the use of this name mainly refers to Wuyishan Scenic Area or the place called Little Wuyishan, because the Jiuqu River there is a famous black tea producing area.
11the collection of westerners in Wuyishan in the middle and late 9th century.
The earliest person who collected biological specimens in Wuyishan area was the British horticulturist Fu Qiong (R. Fortune1812-1880). He went to the place in Wuyishan Scenic Area today, and was attracted by the tea production there. This person was hired by the British Horticultural Society to collect garden plants in China in 1843, and in the following two years, he went to tea gardens in Ningbo and Fuzhou, Zhejiang Province to learn about tea production. For this reason, he was attracted by the British East India Company, which tried to develop tea production in India. 1948, he was hired by the company and came to China for the second time, mainly collecting tea seeds and sending them to India. 1849 In May, in order to collect the best kinds of tea, Fuqiong decided to go to the famous Wuyishan black tea producing area for investigation and collection. He first traveled from Shanghai to Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and then to Baiguan, and hired a boat to enter Qiantang River, go up the river, pass through Yanzhou, Lanxi, Longyou and Quzhou, enter Yushan in Jiangxi, and then go to Guangxin (Shangrao), from Guangxin to the southwest to the mouth of a big black tea market (lead mountain), and then continue south to Wuyishan District. Beside the mountain road at the junction of Fujian and Jiangxi provinces, Fuqiong collected many wild plants. These plants were later taken to Shanghai, temporarily stored in the garden of British businessman Bill, and then sent to Europe. The plants he introduced from there include sapium sebiferum, an economic plant with great ornamental value.
After Fuqiong entered Fujian, he first made an investigation in the periphery of the black tea producing area, and then passed through the west side of Chong 'an to Wuyishan, a scenic place, where he was located in the famous "Wuyi Tea" producing area in the west. After learning about the cultivation and production of tea in the nearby tea area, he also visited some temples and finally came to the bank of Jiuqu River with pleasant scenery, where he stayed for three days. The best black tea is produced there, that is, "small black tea" and "Baihao". Fuqiong lost no time in investigating the planting and production materials of tea. After several days of investigation and tea seedling collection, he went to Pucheng in Shibei Street, East longitude. Pucheng is also a tea production and marketing center. After understanding the local tea production and marketing, he went north to Zhejiang, passed through nianbadu, Xiakouzhai and clear lake Town to Jiangshan, and went out of Zhejiang to Shanghai along Fuchun River [2].
After Fuqiong, an Englishman named F.S.A.Bourne traveled to Wuyi Palace in Wuyishan Scenic Area, where she collected plant specimens such as Runnan. He also saw the Tetragonal Bamboo, a local specialty, and was one of the first westerners to see this living plant.
The first westerner to conduct a large-scale biological investigation and collection in Wuyishan was a French missionary, A. David. When collecting biological specimens in Jiujiang, Jiangxi, the missionary heard from local missionaries that Fujian, which is adjacent to Jiangxi, is a place with very rich animal species, so he went to Fujian from Jiangxi in the autumn of 1873. At the beginning of 10 of that year, he arrived at Wangmaozhai, the border between Fujian and Jiangxi, and then entered Chong 'an, located in Wuyishan District in the northwest of Fujian, and stayed at a missionary point called Guadunge Mountain Village. This place is the core area of Wuyishan nature protection today, with an altitude of 1800 meters and well-preserved natural vegetation, which is located about 70 kilometers northwest of Wuyishan Scenic Area.
They found many new species here, including the first specimen of the genus Typhlomys cinereus, which is rare and only distributed intermittently in a few places in China and was unknown at that time [3], as well as the specimens of Bigfoot mouse and Red Belly Mouse. He also collected many new species of birds there, including a local indigenous species of birds, Paradoxornis dividianus. As well as Garrulax poecilorhynchus Berthemyi, Trochalopteron milnei, Alcippe morrisonia, Alcippe brunnea superciliaris, Gray-headed Cocktail (Paradoxrnis Gularis Fofo). He also collected many new species of plants such as Gentiana davidi, Cryptomeria japonica and Torreya grandis [5] in Wuyishan area. Later, because this preacher was terminally ill and dying here [3], he had to give up the collection and later returned to France via Shanghai. Because he collected many new species of animals there, which attracted the attention of western biologists, Guadun became famous overseas and became a place that some naturalists yearned for later, which objectively opened the curtain for it to become a sacred place for model specimens.
Inspired by Tan Weidao's collection of many new bird species in Guadun, J.de La Touche, an Englishman who works in China's Customs and Taxation Department, took advantage of his position in Fujian to collect animal specimens in Wuyishan District. From 1896 to 1898, he and another ornithologist named Ricote went to Guadun and Dazhulan to collect animal specimens for a period of time. At that time, many hunters in Wuyishan District often used their slack time to hunt all kinds of birds and animals to increase their income. One of them, an Orion named Tang, had excellent skills, so Lataoqi hired this family for a long time to collect specimens for them in the wild. There, they collected the orange-backed finch (Paradoxornis nipalensis pallidus), the brown-headed pheasant (Yuhina brunneiceps pallida), the Locustella ochotensis pleskei and the alpine short-feathered warbler (Bradypterus seebohmi Melanohyncha) [same as 4,692,706,726,733]. Cats such as Golden Cat (formerly Felis temmincki) and various insectivora animals such as Mogera robusta were also collected, as well as Chiroptera such as Murina leucogaster, Horseshoe Bat and Spotted Bat, and various rodents such as bamboo rats and squirrels [same as 3, 30- 186]. There are also many new species. In addition, they also collected many insect specimens such as beetles, butterflies and bees [6]. During that period, an Englishman named F.W.Styan also collected animal specimens at the hanging pier, including new species of mammals such as M. Huttoni [same page 3,274]. The specimens they collected were later sent to the British Natural Museum. With the publication of relevant research results, the richness of birds and insects here has further attracted the attention of the world biology community.
The collection of Westerners in Wuyishan in the early 20th century.
At the beginning of the 20th century, A.Stanley, a British doctor who lived in Shanghai, China, also began to pay attention to the animals in Wuyishan area. The doctor is an amateur zoologist. From 1906 to 192 1 year, he was the head of the Shanghai Museum of Asian Literature Society. During this period, he managed to collect many reptile specimens in southern China. Most of these specimens are from Fujian, and a considerable number of them were collected in Guadun before 19 16. Some of these specimens were sent to the British Museum of Natural History, including several new species [7]. The museum of the Asian Literature Society has a great influence on westerners in China. With the exhibition of animals in the collection, the rich reptile species in Wuyishan gradually attracted the attention of westerners.
192 1 year, C. H. Pope, a young American biologist who just graduated from the University of Virginia, took part in the Central Asian expedition organized by the new york Museum of Natural History in the United States at that time and collected a wide range of animals, especially reptiles, in eastern China. 1April, 925, he went to the famous mountainous area in northwest Fujian to collect. He first went to Yanping (Nanping) in northern Fujian, and collected it for more than a month in a deep, long and wide gorge about 25 miles from the town. He got 27 kinds of snakes, 20 kinds of frogs and/or kloc-0/2 kinds of lizards, which made him very excited. His collection in Yanping lasted for a period of time, and with the help of local collectors, the harvest was very impressive. In addition to amphibians and reptiles, a large number of specimens of mammals and fish have been collected. Later, at the beginning of June, he left Yanping for Wuyishan Scenic Area. He soon found that people here were not interested in collecting specimens for him, and the altitude of that place was too low for many large wild animals, and the vegetation covered was not ideal. Although he found that there were some mammals, such as "goat" (when it was Capricornis sumatraensis) and porcupine, which were adapted to bushes and hilly secondary forests, it was not an ideal animal collection place. From the perspective of academic research, the geological significance of that place is greater than the biological significance. Therefore, in mid-June, we continued to the northwest to the Guadun area near the main peak in Wuyishan District. Because it is not only high in altitude, but also the virgin forest is well maintained, and because the collections of Tan Weidao and La Taoqi have long been famous and known as a paradise for zoologists to collect specimens [4].
Pope soon arrived at this magical place. Because of long-term contact with foreign animal collectors, the residents there are not only good at collecting animal specimens, but also experts in peeling them. Shortly after his arrival, the residents began to send him some specimens of reptiles. Pope immediately hired several people to help him hunt, collect and sort out various animal specimens. He later lived in Sangang, and the animals he wanted were quickly collected by the villagers for him. Later, the villagers successively sent him a large number of various animal specimens. By mid-July, due to foot disease, Pope wanted to do some collection in the coastal areas of Fuzhou, so he temporarily ended the collection here.
Pope left Guadun and went south to Fuzhou, where he spent several days traveling and collecting in Gushan and other places in the northeast of the city. Later, I went to Fuqing and collected it in a mountainous area around a temple, and the animal species obtained were roughly equal to those in Yanping. After entering 10, amphibians and reptiles hibernate because of the cold weather, and it is difficult to collect them. So he mainly collects mammals there.
1In late April, 926, Pope returned to Sangang and Guadun in Wuyishan. His former assistants were already familiar with specimen collection and production, and he was able to go to the field for practical investigation and collection freely. He collected there for more than five months and did what he thought was the most successful work. Later, he went to Fuqing to collect, trying to hunt a tiger specimen there, but because he was unlucky, although he once found a tiger, he finally failed to get it. In almost half a year, he collected 45 specimens of different types of animals, including bats, rodents, fragrant cats, wild cats, badgers, foxes, mongooses, deer and monkeys. There are also a large number of snakes, lizards, many rare Pachytriton brevepes, various types of toads and frogs, and many kinds of fish specimens [8].
1926, F. T. Smith, a British taxidermist, led a group of people to collect animal specimens in Guadun area of Wuyishan with the support of a "China Science and Art Society" formed by several foreigners. He was accompanied by a photographer from the style photo department of British American Tobacco Company. After Guadun collected many exotic animal specimens from Tan Weidao, La Taoqi and Pope collected many new species there, which is a famous origin of model specimens. It is for this reason that they also hope to make a name for themselves here. They first went to Fuqing in the south of Fuzhou in 1 month, and collected some valuable animal specimens such as otters in Haikou Town, about 20 miles away from the town. I also went to Fuqing seaside for investigation and collection, and saw wild ducks, swans and other migratory waterfowl. And took a lot of scenery pictures in that place. In Fuqing, they met the American scholar Pope mentioned earlier. Pope received them warmly and introduced the species of animals he saw in the local area, some places he visited in Minjiang River last year, and his animal collection. After collecting in Fuqing for a period of time, they arrived in Fuzhou and went north along the Minjiang River. The photographer photographed local life scenes, wild animals and beautiful mountains and waters along the Minjiang River along the way. After arriving in Jianyang, the photographer returned to Shanghai.
Smith and his family arrived in San Gang in mid-May, where they met Pope again. The latter has been collected there for nearly a month. Pope introduced them to the species of animals in the three ports of Wuyishan and other places, as well as the methods used by the people to catch animals. Sangang is more than 20 kilometers away from Guadun, which is a base for foreigners to collect animal specimens in Wuyishan. Later, Smith, his helper and two hunters hired went further into the hanging pier. Unfortunately, it is the tea harvest season in the local area, and no one in the local area is willing to hunt them; In addition, it was also the growing season of plants, and the vegetation was particularly rich, so it was difficult to find animals in the forest and it was not suitable for hunting. September to 1 1 in autumn is a good season for hunting. So although the hunters he brought were very diligent, the animals he got were far less than they expected. However, they still got about 280 specimens of mammals, birds and amphibians and reptiles in a month. Although the number is not very large, they found that there are indeed many kinds of animals here, which is worthy of being one of the most famous type specimens in China, because 80% of the specimens they obtained are not duplicated. Among them, the more significant mammals include two Arctonyx collaris, two macaca monkeys, a macaque, a golden cat (F.temmincki), civet cats, bamboo rats and some rodents with high value; Birds include Tragopan caboti, silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera) and some unusual birds, as well as some rare snakes and frogs. They noticed that there were many Muntiacus reevesi there, and got specimens. In addition, they also collected 500 or 600 kinds of beetle specimens [9].
Probably influenced by the insect collection work of La Taoqi and Smith, during the period from 1937 to 1939, Crapa Rich, a German, went to Guadun and Dazhulan in Wuyishan District to collect insect specimens, and the obtained specimens were no less than160,000 [same page 6, 27]. Another german businessman, horn (h.h.? Ne) also collected many insect specimens in Wuyi Mountain. Because these two Germans collected so many insect specimens there, Westerners began to notice that it was simply an "insect world".
3. Western scholars' research on Wuyishan animals
The animal and plant specimens collected by Tan Weidao in Wuyishan were sent to the Paris Museum of Natural History. Among them, the animal specimens were mainly published by the zoologist A.Milne-Edwards)[6] of Paris University [6]. The research results of birds he collected can be found in the book Birds in China [10] which he collaborated with M.E.Oustalet. His achievements in these two aspects of the famous mountain will undoubtedly play an important role in promoting collectors who later went to Guadun and other places.
According to his collection in Wuyishan District, La Taoqi published a large number of research papers on birds in China, and later published the Handbook of Birds in Eastern China [1 1]. This book mainly describes 750 species and subspecies of birds in coastal provinces such as Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong. This book is regarded by westerners as a better monograph on ornithology in China after Birds in China written by Tan Weidao. Many of them are new species collected from Guadun and other places. Tan Weidao and Lataoqi's monographs on birds have gradually made people notice that Wuyishan is a kingdom of birds. Later, the insect specimens collected by Latozzi were mainly sent to the British Natural Museum. After being collated and published by relevant experts, people began to pay attention to the rich insect species there.
The animals that Pope collected in Wuyishan were soon studied and sorted out by some of his colleagues in the United States. Fish specimens were published by J. T. Nichols of new york Natural Museum, including 6 new species. The amphibians and reptiles he collected were partly studied by K. P. Schmidt. Later, he did his own research, and the final result was reflected in his book "Reptiles in China" [12]. He thinks that the reptiles in Sangang and Guadun are particularly rich, including 35 species of snakes and 24 species of frogs. Among them, 6 species are new species that have not been recorded scientifically. There are 9 species of lizards belonging to 6 families, and there are only two species of salamanders. He estimated that there were 80 local amphibians and reptiles. He even thought it was the key to study reptiles in China.
Most of the specimens collected by Smith, a British herbalist, were sent to the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, USA, and some of them were left in the Natural Museum of the Asian Society in Shanghai. The macaque they collected was once designated as a new species by an American zoologist, but it seems that it was not recognized later. Crapa Ritchie and others have collected a large number of insect specimens and many new species. From 1938 to 1939, German entomologist A. Caradja published more than 100 new species of moth according to his collected specimens. Later, another German entomologist published 370 species of weevils in this area in 1958, of which 228 were new species. 1973 entomologist Frey published 28 species of scarabs [same page 6, 27]. Of course, what they described is only part of the specimen, but it is enough to reveal that the insect species in Wuyishan area are indeed very rich.
The biological investigation of modern westerners in Wuyishan, like the investigation in other parts of China, has its special social background at that time and other reasons. But fundamentally speaking, it is a concrete manifestation of China's backwardness. On the one hand, after our country is forced to open to the outside world, westerners can gradually travel wherever they want and collect what they want. On the other hand, because of their early development of modern biology, they are interested in collecting specimens all over the world to expand their knowledge. A church later set up by Americans in Sangang almost became a good resident specimen collection base for foreign collectors. The missionary point of Guadun is a good place for westerners to collect specimens in this deep mountain. Of course, as far as the specific collectors are concerned, they also reflected the unique shrewdness and adventurous spirit of British businessmen at that time. The agility and tenacity peculiar to French missionaries; Americans are good at using money to hire people for our own use.
Westerners' biological collection and research work in the mountainous area around Guadun unveiled the veil of being a rare species gene bank here. Guadun, Dazhulan and Sangang are also famous at home and abroad. Nowadays, almost no one who is engaged in the study of fauna will not know the above places, because they are sacred places to produce type specimens. Many famous natural museums in the world, such as Paris Natural Museum, London Natural Museum, Berlin Natural Museum, new york Natural Museum, Washington Natural Museum and Shanghai Natural Museum [8], have a large number of animal specimens produced there. And there are hundreds of animal model specimens. With the academic development in China and the improvement of people's awareness, Wuyishan was finally established as a nature reserve in 1979. The Chinese finally realized the value of this rare species gene pool. Obviously, the work of the former westerners has also established a good atmosphere and far-reaching influence for its achievement as the "natural heritage" of the world. But it also contains the lament and sadness of biologists in modern China, and reflects the epitome of the difficult course of biological development in modern China.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of receipt
About the author: Luo Guihuan, 1956, born in Liancheng, Fujian, is a researcher at the Institute of Natural Science History of China Academy of Sciences.
At the time of writing this article, Professor Zhou Yao of Northwest A&F University gave me information about Krapperich, and the author would like to express his deep gratitude.
Fund Project: Knowledge Innovation Project of China Academy of Sciences (No.:KJCX2-W6)
[2] According to Baylor, this name is a local dialect. See: E. Bretschneider, History of European Botanical Discoveries in China. Leipzig,1962, P.411.I think it may be that the local people call this local black tea "Baihao".
[3] The late Professor Zhang Mengwen said that Tan Weidao's "hometown is always his hometown" is not true (see his essay: "History of China's Taxonomy", contained in China's historical materials on science and technology1987,8 (6)16.)
[4] A.C.Sowerby, Travel and exploration, The China journal, 1926,4(4) 176
[5] 1923 was established.
[6] The scholar was then the curator of the Paris Museum of Natural History.
[7] Fu Qiong and La Taoqi are essentially businessmen.
[8] The Natural History Museum of the Asian Language Society was incorporated into it.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] Li Wenhua, Zhao Xianying, Nature Reserve in China, Beijing: Commercial Press, 1995, pp. 48-54.
[2] Fortune, R., Two Visits to the Tea Countries of China and the British Tea Plantations in the Himalaya, London: John Murray, 1853, 125-247.
[3] G.M.Allen, The Mammals of China and Mongolia, New York: The American Museum of Natural History, 1938, preface
[4] Zheng Zuoxin, China Bird Distribution List, Beijing: Science Press,1976,641.653.680.684.707.
[5] M.A.Franchet, Plantae Davidianae, Tome 1, Paris: G.Masson, Editeur. 1884, 2 1 1,29 1, 293.
Wang Siming, Zhou Yao, Modern Entomology History of China, Xi 'an: Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,1995,26.
[7] Sowerby, A.C., Natural History of China, Jour. N. C. Br. R. A. S., 19 16,Vol.53, p. 15.
[8] Sowerby, A.C. Travel and exploration, The China journal, 1926,4(4) 176
[9] Smith, F.T. ,The Fukien scientific expedition, The China journal, 1926,5(3) 128- 13 1
[ 10] David, A.,et M.E.Oustalet, Les Oiseaus de la Chine. Paris：Libraire de L’acadécmie de Médecine 1877.
[ 1 1] La Touche, J. D.D., A Handbook of Birds of Eastern China. 1: 1-500, 1925- 1930; 2: xxiii, 1-566, 193 1- 1934. London: Taylor and Franeis. 1925- 1934.
[ 12] Pope, C.H., The Reptiles of China. New York: The American Museum of Natural History, 1935.
Abstract
Wuyishan in northwest Fujian is a famous mountain with rich biodiversity. Since Tan Weidao, a French missionary, collected many new species of animals and plants there in the second half of the19th century, it has attracted wide attention from western biologists. Since then, many foreign naturalists have been there for biological investigation and collection. Famous for its English Latozzi, American biologist Pope and German naturalist Crapa Ritchie. They all collected a large number of animal specimens from Guadun area in Wuyishan, but it is particularly worth mentioning that Lataoqi's work made people notice that this is the kingdom of birds; Pope's work makes people find that this place is the "key" to study amphibians and reptiles in China and even Asia, while Crapa Ritchie's collection reveals that this place is an "insect" world. A large number of birds, amphibians, reptiles, fish and insects they collected are new species that have not been scientifically described before. There are hundreds of species that later became type specimens. In the early 20th century, the influential books such as the Handbook of Birds in East China and the Reptiles in China published by Britain and the United States respectively have a close relationship with this area. For the above reasons, Wuyi Mountain has gradually become a sacred place for animal researchers and is well known to the world.
Abstrct
Wuyi(Bohea) Mountain in the northwest Fujian province is a famous mountain for its biological diversity. The mountain led widely interesting in biological world i n the West, since last part of nineteenth century French missionary A. David had brought back many new species of plants and animals from the mountain. Since that , many west naturalists went there for biological expedition and collection. English J.D.D. La Touche who worked as a customs officer of China, U.S. biologist C.H. Pope and German J. Krapperich were all remarkable among them. They had all made large zoological collections form Guadun (Kuatun) in Wuyi Mountain. However it is worth to point out the La Touche’s work made the birds kingdom was discovered; while Pope’s work made it as a “key” researched amphibians and reptiles in China even Asia was well known; and Krapperich’s collections reveal it as a kingdom belong to insects. The specimens of birds and reptiles as well as insects collected by them all yie lded a lot of new species. There were several hundred animal specimens became type specimen later. The famous writings A Handbook of Birds of Eastern C hina and The Reptiles of China ext. published in Britain and U.S. in the beginning of twentieth century all presented remarkable connection. Because th e reasons, Wuyi Mountain as a zoologist’s paradise became well known generally.
Key words: Wuyi Mountain the West biology