Hengyang City's 28 junior high school graduation examination paper

Candidates' attention: there are four big questions in this subject paper, out of 1 points, and the examination time is 9 minutes. The fourth big question requires writing necessary words, formulas and important calculus steps, and only the final answer can't be scored. The physical quantities required to be answered in each question must be written in numerical values and units, and those who only write numerical values without units cannot score.

in this paper, g=1N/kg.

first, there are l2 small questions in this question. 2 points for each small question, ***24 points. Of the four options given in each question, only one is correct. Fill in the serial number of the correct answer in the specified position in the answer table below. 2 points for each small question, and point for the wrong or not.

the question number is 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12

Answer

1. The following data is closest to the actual situation ()

A. The length of an ordinary pencil is about 4 cm B. The mass of an egg is about 5 kg

C. The pulse of a normal person is about 7 times per second D. The pressure on the ground when a middle school student stands is about. As shown in the picture, the third-generation fighter "J-1" developed by China refuels in the air. Choose which of the following objects as the reference. It can be considered that the tanker is moving ()

A. "J-1" fighter B. Houses on the ground

C. Pilots in the tanker D. Pilots in the J-1 fighter

3. In the description of the following four pictures, it is true that ()

A and B are two. D

In figure A, the transparent walls on both sides of some road sections in the city can reduce noise pollution

In figure B, the greater the force when drumming, the higher the tone of the sound

In figure C, the ringing of the ringing mobile phone is getting louder and louder with the continuous pumping out

In figure D, the player changes the sound by pressing the position of his finger on the string. Many people's activities and practices are related to the physical knowledge we have learned. The following examples concerning pressure and buoyancy are incorrect: () < P > A. Drinking can be sucked into the mouth with a straw. Actually, it's the atmospheric pressure.

B. Stones will sink to the bottom when thrown into the river, which means that stones are not buoyant in water.

C. Cooking food in a pressure cooker is fast because the boiling point of liquid (water in the pot) rises due to the increase of the air pressure in the pot.

D. The dam embankment of the barrage is made narrow at the top and wide at the bottom because the pressure of liquid (water in the dam) increases with the depth.

5. Energy is converted from mechanical energy to internal energy by ()

A B C D

6. Balance, scale, thermometer and voltmeter are the basic measuring instruments commonly used in our experiments. The following four pictures show the operation and use of these four instruments by some students. Among them, ()

Adjust the balance to balance the beam to observe the length of the measured object, measure the temperature of water and measure the voltage between the two poles of the battery

A B C D

7. There are 8 kinds of substances, including plastic, glass, iron, salt water, rubber, charcoal pen, ceramics and wet wood, which Xiaoli divides into two categories, as shown in the following table. Then according to which physical properties of substances are she classified? ()

Category I and Category II

Plastic, rubber, ceramic salt water, charcoal pen, iron and wet wood

A. Density B. Magnetism C. Conductivity D. Specific heat

8. The picture on the right shows the National Swimming Center built for the 28 Beijing Olympic Games

. The Beijing Olympic Games was held in midsummer, and the "plating spot" could change the direction of the light and keep it out of the stadium. The main function of "plating spot" on external sunlight is ()

A. Reflecting sunlight, following the law of light reflection B. Reflecting sunlight, not following the law of light reflection

C. Refracting sunlight, following the law of light refraction D. Refracting sunlight, not following the law of light refraction

9. "Energy and environment" is faced by all countries in the world. All parts of our country are carrying out pilot projects of "resource-saving" and "environment-friendly" two-oriented society construction. Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan are pilot cities in our province. Protecting the environment and saving energy should start with me. The following statements need to be corrected: ()

A. Develop the habit of turning off the tap in time and turning off the lights when people walk

B. Replace the electric water heater with solar water heater as far as possible

C. Put the domestic garbage and waste batteries together in the garbage bin in time

D. Flush the toilet with face washing water and send the waste newspapers and wine bottles to the waste collection station < The following description of "new materials" is wrong: ()

A. Superconducting materials, semiconductor materials and nano-materials all belong to new materials

B. Superconducting materials can be applied to any electrical appliance at room temperature and improve its efficiency

C. Nano-materials mean that the geometric dimensions of materials reach the nanometer level. And materials with special properties

D. "Semiconductor materials" are widely used in components and chips of mobile phones, televisions and computers

11. A row of iron bars (as shown in the figure) with bowl mouth thickness and height of about 2 meters are inserted on both sides of the subgrade of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which we call hot bars. The hot rod is also buried 5 meters deep under the subgrade, and the whole rod body is hollow, and a proper amount of liquid ammonia is encapsulated inside. The working principle of the hot rod is very simple: when the subgrade temperature rises, the liquid ammonia is heated and rises to the upper end of the hot rod, and the heat is transferred to the air through the heat sink, so that the gaseous ammonia is cooled and turned into liquid ammonia, which sinks to the bottom of the rod. In this way, the hot rod is equivalent to a natural "refrigerator". This is one of the many innovations and inventions of Chinese scientists and technicians to solve the "Millennium frozen soil". Excuse me, the name of the state change in the space in the text is ()

A. ① Vaporization ② Liquefaction B. ① Liquefaction ② Vaporization C. ① Sublimation ② Liquefaction D. ① Sublimation ② Solidification

12. As shown in the circuit on the right, when the switch S is closed, the voltmeter V shows the same number. The situation that the indicators of ammeter A1 and A2 change is ()

A.A1 becomes larger, A2 remains unchanged B．A1, A2 becomes smaller

C.A1 remains unchanged, A2 remains unchanged D．A1 becomes larger, A2 becomes smaller

Second, there are 1 small questions in this question, with 2 points for each small question and 2 points for * *. Fill in the answer in the blank space on the horizontal line, without writing out the solution process.

13. The Danish physicist Oster first discovered that there was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ around the current, and the British physicist Faraday first discovered that a part of the conductor of a closed circuit moved in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and induced current would be generated in the conductor.

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14. The figures displayed in the window of Xiaoli's electric energy meter at the beginning and end of the month are as shown on the right. Her

home consumes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ KW this month? H, if the electricity charge for 1 kilowatt hour

is calculated in .6 yuan, the electricity charge for her family this month is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

15. There is a submarine suspended in the water, as shown on the right. When compressed gas is used to discharge part of the water in the water tank, the submarine will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (optionally "float" or "sink"), and the buoyancy on the submarine will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

16. The rumble of thunder in the distance indicates a possible heavy rain, which shows that sound can transmit _ _ _ _ _ _, and surgeons can use ultrasonic vibration to crush stones in human body, which shows that sound waves can transmit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

June 6, 17 is the national "Eye Care Day". The picture on the right shows the optical path diagram of two people when they

look at an object. To form a clear image on the retina,

A needs to wear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

I hope students can develop good eye habits. A b

18. After school, the students were playing football on the court. Xiaoli kicked the ball out hard and felt a little pain on her feet at the same time. This is because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Football can continue to roll for a distance on the grass, because football has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

19. as shown in the right figure, an object weighs 5N, and the pulley weight, rope weight and friction are ignored. to pull up this object, it needs _ _ _ _ _ _ n pulling force in Figure A and _ _ _ _ _ _ n pulling force in Figure B.

2. The picture on the right shows the "Xiangyun" torch of the 28 Olympic Games. The auspicious cloud pattern with red appearance rises upward from the middle of the torch body, and the lower part of the torch body is sprayed with high-touch rubber paint, which can increase the size of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, making it difficult for people to hold it. The torch shell is made of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ smaller high-quality aluminum alloy, which is light and noble despite its large volume and small mass.

21. In the experiment of "Exploring what factors are related to evaporation speed", Xiaoli puts

a drop of water on two identical glass sheets, as shown in Figure 1. Observing the scene in the picture, we can see that she mainly explores whether evaporation speed is related to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Xiao Ming drops a drop of water with the same quality on two identical glass sheets, as shown in Figure 2. Observing the scene in the picture, we can see that he mainly explores whether the evaporation speed is related to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Figure L Figure 2

22. At 14: 28 on May 12, 28, an earthquake measuring 8. on the Richter scale occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, and large and small dammed lakes were formed everywhere. the State Council, the CPC Central Committee, concentrated on eliminating the dangers in all places. In the picture, the excavator was lifted by Mi -26 heavy transport helicopter to the top of Tangjiashan dammed lake, the largest dammed lake. A helicopter uses a wire rope to hang a 1.2×15N excavator. When the excavator is still hanging in the air, the pulling force of the wire rope to the excavator is _ _ _ _ _______1.2×15N, and when the helicopter hangs the excavator at a constant speed of lm/s, the pulling force of the wire rope to the excavator is _ _ _ _ _ _______1.2×15N.. (optional "greater than", "less than" or "equal to")

iii. drawing, experiment and inquiry. There are 8 small questions in this question, with ***4 points. Complete each question according to the specific requirements put forward in each question.

23. (6 points) Complete the following questions as required.

(1)(2 points) Draw a schematic diagram of the gravity G on the object A in Figure A.

(2)(2 points) Figure B shows the optical path of the incident light when it obliquely enters the water from the air. Please draw the refracted light corresponding to the incident light in the appropriate position in the figure.

(3)(2 points) Mark the "+"and "-"poles of the power supply according to the direction of the small magnetic needle in Figure C.

Figure A, Figure B, Figure C

24. (5 points) Xiaoli lives in the city center, and her grandmother doesn't live in her house because the city is too hot in summer, which aroused her interest in exploring the reasons for the temperature difference between urban and rural areas. She used the weekend time to measure the temperature of each test point with her classmates at the same time at noon, and drew the "area-temperature" coordinate map as shown in the figure.

(1) From the figure, you find that the temperature of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(2) Please combine the data in the figure and your experience to find out a reason for the heat island effect: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(3) How to reduce the thermal pollution of the urban environment, please make a reasonable suggestion: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

resistance values of several metal conductors with 1m long cross-sectional area of lmm2 at 2℃

conductor resistance r/ω

copper .17

aluminum .27

iron .96

nickel-chromium alloy l.1

25.(6 points) Xiaoli wants to make her own sliding rheostat, and the teacher provides it to her. AB and CD in the picture on the right are two resistance wires with the same thickness made of this material, and the relationship between the conductor resistance and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ can be studied with the illustrated device.

26. (3 points) In order to explore which factors are related to the effect of pressure, Xiaoli did the experiment as shown in the following figure by using the control variable method:

(a) A brick is placed flat on the foam plastic; (b) Two bricks are stacked on the foam plastic; (c) A brick is placed vertically on the foam plastic;

By observing and comparing (a) and (b), we can know the effect of pressure. Comparing figures (a) and (c), it can be seen that

the effect of pressure action is related to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. The controlled variable method can also be used to explore the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ experiment. (only fill in one)

27.(4 points) As shown on the right, in the experiment of studying "What factors are related to the voltage of fruit battery", Xiaoli made a guess that the voltage of fruit battery is related to different metal materials that constitute the two electrodes. Please do it again