In many engineering projects in our country, the losses caused by risks are shocking, as Professor Xu Shengmo pointed out in his book "Review of the British Construction Institute (Project Management Implementation Rules)" "Risk It is one of the main reasons for project failure." As there are more and more uncertain factors in the construction process of construction projects, risk management is becoming an increasingly important part of engineering project management. Although many international and domestic experts have made many achievements in engineering risk management, the research on how to carry out risk control and management applications in my country's construction enterprises under the current external environment and internal conditions is still relatively weak. This article starts from analyzing the risk types of construction projects in my country and puts forward corresponding risk management countermeasures.

1 Types of risks in construction projects in my country

In order to fully understand project risks comprehensively and manage them in a targeted manner, it is necessary to classify risks. According to the characteristics of the construction project itself and based on its risk management needs, the risks of the construction project can be divided into extra-project risks and intra-project risks. Off-project risks refer to risks caused by uncertainty in the project construction environment, which mainly include the following points.

(1) Natural risks: refers to risks caused by objectively existing unfavorable natural conditions in the area where the construction project is located, usually caused by harsh meteorological conditions, harsh site conditions, unfavorable geographical location and other factors.

(2) Political risk: refers to risks caused by various political events and causes, usually including administrative intervention by government departments, changes in engineering construction policies and regulations, social risks caused by major accidents, etc. .

(3) Economic risks: refer to various risks in the economic field that cause business operations to suffer misfortune, mainly caused by unfavorable macroeconomic conditions, poor investment environment, rising material prices, severe inflation and other factors.

Intra-project risks refer to the possibility that the quality, schedule, cost and safety objectives of the project cannot be achieved due to the uncertainty of the construction project itself. Technical factors can be divided into the following points.

(1) Technical risk: refers to losses caused by uncertainty in technical conditions. Mainly manifested in: during the selection and design process of the engineering plan, deviations occurred in the selection of technical standards, the selection of calculation and analysis models, and the determination of safety factors; during the construction process of the engineering plan, the construction technology was backward, the construction technology and the plan Unreasonable, failure to apply new technologies and methods, etc. In addition, it also includes unreasonable process flow, failure of project quality inspection and project acceptance to meet specified requirements, etc.

(2) Non-technical risks: refer to losses caused by uncertainty in non-technical conditions such as planning, organization, management, coordination, etc. Mainly include: in terms of project organization and management, lack of project management capabilities, inappropriate project goals, inappropriate project planning, etc.; in terms of schedule planning, inappropriate schedule adjustment rules, poor supply of materials and equipment, lagging supply of design drawings, etc.; in terms of cost control, Construction delays, inappropriate engineering changes, low budgets, inappropriate procurement strategies, etc.

2 Risk management countermeasures for construction projects in my country

Due to the characteristics of construction projects, the risks have their own characteristics. Therefore, this article mainly proposes the following three countermeasures for these risks.

(1) Risk control strategies, including risk avoidance and loss control. Risk avoidance countermeasures are to avoid potential losses or uncertainties that may arise by avoiding project risk factors. Loss control methods deal with project risks by reducing the chance of losses occurring, or by reducing the severity of losses that occur.

(2) Risk retention strategy, which is an important financial management technology, includes planned risk retention and unplanned risk retention. Planned risk retention means that risk management personnel consciously and continuously transfer related potential losses after reasonable analysis and evaluation; when risk management personnel are not aware of the existence of project risks, or are not prepared to deal with project risks, risk retention It is unplanned and passive.

(3) Risk transfer strategies include non-insurance or contract transfer methods and engineering insurance transfer methods. The transfer method of the contract is to transfer the project risks to non-insurance companies such as designers and material equipment suppliers, usually through signing contracts and negotiations; and insurance transfer is to insure the implementation stage of the engineering project through a specialized agency-insurance company. A system that supervises insurance funds by collecting insurance premiums. Once a natural disaster or accident occurs, causing property losses or personal casualties to participants, the insurance funds will be used to compensate.

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