I. Different organizational units
First of all, we must clarify the basic concepts of "national examination" and "provincial examination". The conceptual difference between national examination and provincial examination is determined by the level and geographical scope of examination organization and examination institution. The national examination, the full name of which is the examination for the recruitment of civil servants by the central organs and their directly affiliated institutions, is organized by the Central Organization Department, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the National Civil Service Bureau and held nationwide. The provincial examination is organized by the Organization Department of the Provincial Party Committee, the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, and the Provincial Civil Service Bureau. It recruits civil servants for provincial, city, county and township organs and is held throughout the province.
Second, the examination institutions are different.
Examination institutions are the units that employ civil servants through examinations, and they are the demanders and recipients of newly hired civil servants. According to the changes of functions, establishment, positions and the number of on-the-job personnel, all institutions put forward the recruitment plan to the competent department of civil service examination at the same level (human resources department and civil service bureau managed by it) every year or every six months, which will be formulated by the competent department and implemented after being audited by the organization and personnel department.
According to the hierarchy and subordinate relationship of the examination institutions, the positions of civil servants are divided into two major sequences: central and local. The examination of central sequential positions is called "national examination", and the examination of local sequential positions is called "provincial examination". According to the nature and functions of institutions, the examination sequence of central and local civil servants is divided into several categories and systems:
The national examination is a sequence of the central civil service examination, which is divided into four systems: the central party and mass organs, the central state administrative organs, the institutions directly under the central state administrative organs and their agencies, and the the State Council system management institutions with reference to the civil service law.
Among them, the "central" in the central party-mass organs refers to the institutional level, which is the leading organ at the top and core level of the party and the country. The "party-mass" refers to the ruling party (the working department of the central government), democratic parties and people's organizations (the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and the All-China Women's Federation), the national legislature (the working department of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)) and the political participation organ (the working department of the central government).
The central state administrative organ, "administrative organ" refers to the department with administrative functions in the government system, and "state administrative organ" refers to the legal status and administrative level of the administrative department, specifically referring to the central government, that is, the State Council's internal organs (such as the general office, organ affairs bureau), constituent departments (such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the National Development and Reform Commission), directly affiliated institutions (such as the General Administration of Customs, the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television), and the State Bureau managed by the State Council ministries (such as the State Oceanic Administration)
The institutions directly under the central state administrative organs and their dispatched offices mainly refer to the working institutions directly under or dispatched by various departments of the the State Council system, such as the audit institutions accredited by the National Audit Office, the Provincial Communications Administration of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Regional Civil Aviation Administration and the local customs. All kinds of institutions directly managed by ministries and commissions and the State Bureau of the State Council are also called the vertical management departments of the State Council system in terms of management relations, and their personnel, funds and business are not interfered by local party committees and governments.
The State Council system refers to the institutions with administrative functions managed by various ministries and commissions in the State Council or the State Council. Its staff are managed according to the Civil Service Law, and there are civil servants, such as the investigation team of the Bureau of Statistics, the Meteorological Bureau, the Seismological Bureau, and the sea surveillance team. Compared with the above three types of institutions, these institutions only use the definition of "management by reference to the civil service law" to express the difference, and their status, authority and personnel treatment are no different. Moreover, the nature of the organization and the identity of the staff may change with the change of the situation and institutional reform, and units with strong administrative law enforcement functions that need to be strengthened may become directly affiliated and dispatched institutions in the State Council.
Provincial examination is the sequence of civil service examinations in various provinces. The classification of institutions and positions actually corresponds to the four central systems, and it is also divided into four systems: party and mass organs, administrative organs, institutions directly under administrative organs and agencies, and institutions managed with reference to the civil service law. At the level, according to China's administrative divisions, institutions and their positions are divided into four levels: province, city, county and township. Among them, some directly affiliated and dispatched institutions of provincial administrative organs, that is, institutions directly managed by provincial government departments (bureaus) and stationed in the following areas to perform their functions, such as industrial and commercial bureau, quality supervision bureau, food and drug administration, local taxation bureau, etc., are also called vertical management departments of provincial government system in terms of management relationship, and their personnel, funds and business activities are under the dual management of provincial competent departments and prefecture-level listed party committees and governments. Experts in China suggest that candidates can choose and apply for "participating" companies that meet their academic qualifications, majors, experiences and interests, and don't miss the good opportunity of job matching.
Third, there is a gap in employment treatment.
Civil servants in central and local organs at all levels are managed according to the same law and system, and are regulated by the same salary system after employment, but the specific salary standards are not completely unified, and there are differences in promotion space and growth opportunities.
From the point of view of salary, according to the amount of financial resources and the strength of financial discipline, there are significant regional gaps, industry gaps and level gaps between different industry systems and levels. The average salary level of civil servants in the eastern coastal areas and first-tier cities is higher than that in the central and western regions, and the salary and welfare level of fiscal, taxation, finance and securities supervision departments is higher than that of other departments. The bonus amount of regional organs with loose financial discipline at the grassroots level is higher than that of municipal organs at or above the prefecture level.
From the perspective of promotion space and job exchange opportunities, the staff in vertical management departments have strong professional posts, closed internal management and single promotion channels and exchange platforms, showing a trend of internal circulation. For example, most of the staff in the IRS system, customs and border inspection system can only be promoted and transferred from Jiangsu IRS to Dalian IRS, but not from Dalian IRS to Dalian municipal government, so there are few opportunities for cross-departmental and cross-system lateral transfer, exchange and promotion; However, the positions and work contents of comprehensive management and administrative law enforcement staff at all levels are open, with strong management openness and loose personnel flow management. Under the guidance of the central government's policy of encouraging cadres at all levels, especially leading cadres and reserve talents, to exchange posts across regions and industries, civil servants in ordinary industries have more opportunities to move horizontally and be transferred from their original departments. Because of its many departments and wide platforms, its vertical promotion space is much larger than that of civil servants in the vertical management department of a single system.