Born in1835 |191year and died | British politician.
Robert Hart (1835—191February 20th, 2008), British, whose real name was Lu Bin. In the late Qing Dynasty, he served as the General Tax Department for half a century (186 1 year-191year). Author of China's Essays, etc.
Life of 1
An Englishman who has been in charge of China Customs for fifty years.
The man of the hour in Beijing politics
Hede road no.4
all one's life
1835 On February 20th, Hurd was born in Potadang, hjalmar, Northern Ireland, England. He graduated from Queen's College Belfast 1853.
1May, 854 (age 19) came to China, where she first received internship translation training, and then was sent to the British Consulate in Ningbo as an interpreter. 1858 was transferred to Guangzhou under the occupation of British and French allied forces.
1859 resigned from the consulate, joined the work of China customs, and served as the deputy tax section of Guangzhou Guangdong customs.
Acting as Horatia Nelson Lay in Shanghai from 18 1 (N. Lay, 1832- 1898). 1863165438+1October 30th officially took over as the General Taxation Department of the Customs. 1864, He Dejia was awarded the title of judge and became a high official of the Qing Dynasty.
1865 The State Administration of Taxation moved from Shanghai to Beijing, and 1929 moved back to Shanghai. Since then, Hurd has lived in Beijing for more than 40 years. 1869 was promoted to Minister of State, ranking second. 1889, upgraded to positive product.
1908 April 13 at 7 o'clock in the morning, Hurd left home with a meaningful note in his office, but he still hung the title of director of the State Administration of Taxation until his death three years later. Pei Shikai, wife and brother-in-law, deputy general tax department, acting as general tax department.
On September 20th, Hurd died in Marlowe, Buckinghamshire, England. The Qing Dynasty posthumously awarded him the title of Prince Taibao.
An Englishman who has been in charge of China Customs for fifty years.
As an Englishman, Hurd worked in China Customs and served as the State Administration of Taxation for 50 years. During his tenure, he did his duty conscientiously, established a set of strict customs management systems such as taxation, statistics, port dredging and quarantine, and built new lighthouses and weather stations in coastal ports, which opened up a stable, secure and growing new tax source for the Beijing government and eliminated the widespread corruption in the old yamen. The Customs presided over by Hurd also established a modern postal system in China. Hurd clearly realized that he was an employee of China, "in a sense", a "compatriot" of the people of China, and a foreign employee used by the China government to deal with foreign businessmen. Therefore, when 1885 was appointed as the British government's envoy to China in June, he left without politely declining. However, from today's point of view, the control of customs by foreigners is undoubtedly an infringement of China's sovereignty. (especially the water distribution right of China port)
The man of the hour in Beijing politics
Hurd, who has lived in Beijing for a long time, is good at "amateur diplomacy" behind the scenes and is a "reliable adviser" to the Prime Minister's yamen. He has an influence that cannot be ignored, "not only on tax and business issues, but also on diplomacy and internal affairs." Even the appointment of government officials sometimes needs his advice. Prince Gong Yi? He said, "Although Hurd is a foreigner, judging from his temperament, he is docile and his language is polite ...".
1862, the first new school in China, Shi Jing Wentong Museum, was established, with funds from customs taxes and the person in charge recommended by the State Administration of Taxation.
1865-1868, together with the British minister wade, he put forward many suggestions to the Qing court to reform and strengthen the country, but it was not until 30 years later that these suggestions attracted the attention of domestic reformists. He wrote: "If the policy changes, China can become the leader of all countries; If the policy does not change, it will become a slave to all countries. "
1866, Hurd returned to China to get married and persuaded the Qing government to send personnel to study abroad for the first time.
1879, Hurd helped the Qing Empire buy eight warships. This became the origin of China Beiyang Navy.
1887, in order to solve the smuggling problem, China and Portugal were persuaded to sign the Lisbon convention, and Portugal "permanently occupied" Macao in exchange for the assistance of the Australian and Portuguese authorities in collecting opium taxes.
Hurd also signed Yantai Treaty, Sino-French New Testament 1885, Sino-British Tibet-India Treaty 1890 and Sino-British Convention 190 1.
He also directly participated in China's foreign debt borrowing activities by using the customs mortgage guarantee.
Hart road
Beijing Road Hart is the headline of Taiji Factory today. The former site of Hede Road Customs has become the dormitory of the Ministry of Foreign Trade.
Hart Road in Shanghai is now Changde Road in Jing 'an District.