And is responsible for managing the special funds of the federal government, handling export credit, expanding exports, and providing guarantees for loans from foreign financial institutions. In order to encourage private investment, 1974, the bank also set up three subsidiaries, namely, Brazilian investment company, Brazilian machinery company and basic raw material funding company, to provide funds, equipment and other services to private enterprises.
(2) National Housing Bank in the early 1960s. The momentum of Brazil's economic growth has slowed down and the inflation rate has soared. 1964, the Brazilian government promulgated an economic action program aimed at stabilizing the economy and adjusted the national economy. This series of reform measures include: in finance, the establishment of the national monetary Committee and the central bank, the opening of the capital market, and the formation of a complete financial system; Establish employment security fund (PGTS) and government employee fund system. Carry out compulsory savings; Establish a national housing bank to finance housing construction and increase employment opportunities; In controlling inflation, in addition to cutting fiscal expenditure and controlling prices, currency correction method is also implemented to eliminate the influence of price difference caused by inflation in order to stimulate and mobilize savings. In terms of macro-planning, the Ministry of Planning was set up to strengthen planning work and macro-economic planning guidance. At that time, due to inflation and economic growth decline, the construction industry has come to a standstill, housing rental has become an investment with extremely low returns due to the freezing of rents, and long-term mortgage loans have not been available for housing construction, which has caused a critical situation in the housing industry with many problems and caused social tension and instability. In order to solve these problems and cope with the pressure of housing and employment, the National Housing Bank was established and a national housing plan was formulated. This approach is to raise funds for housing through banking activities. The reason for this is that if the housing construction is expanded by direct government funding, it will worsen the already rampant inflation, which is contrary to the government's efforts to stop and alleviate inflation. By using indexation method, the bank protects the real value of funds, advocates house ownership, does not advocate housing leasing, and supports the development of urban planning and facilities, thus becoming the core institution for raising funds for urban construction. The bank's sources of funds include the sale of housing bonds and the acceptance of savings deposits, both of which are subject to monetary index correction to preserve their value. The use of funds is mainly to provide loans, more than 80% for housing, and the rest for urban construction, especially the construction of health facilities. However, it does not issue loans directly, but transfers loans through intermediary institutions, such as providing long-term loans to low-income families (the income is 1-3 times the minimum wage) through mass housing companies established by States and cities; Through the housing cooperatives organized by trade unions and labor unions, credit is provided to small and medium-income families (income is 3-6 times of the minimum wage), and those families with lower income can enjoy the minimum annual interest1%. For the construction of high-standard and expensive houses, borrowers usually pay interest at the general interest rate. It can be seen that the bank's policy goal is to subsidize low-income civilians who are unable to build houses and provide them with basic living conditions. The bank has become a re-lender of housing subsidy loans for low-income people in Brazil. At the same time, it also controls the system of savings and housing credit institutions and provides them with liquidity guarantees. For example, it sets and controls the interest rates of housing financial institutions and requires housing financial institutions to deposit in the bank. In fact, the bank became the central bank of Brazil's housing finance system.
(3) Local Development Banks In order to accelerate the development of local economy, especially the development of backward areas, and promote the balanced development of the national economy, the Brazilian federal government has established a number of local development banks with the assistance of state governments since the 1950s to provide funds for development projects in their respective regions. The Northeast Development Bank, established in 1954, was the earliest, and later the Southern Development Bank and some state development banks were established. At that time, Brazil's economic development was extremely unbalanced. The southeast was the most developed area, while the northeast and north were relatively backward areas (the per capita income in the northeast was only1/3 of that in the southeast). In order to change the appearance of backward areas as soon as possible, the government adopted an economic solution, that is, establishing a development bank instead of providing materials. Northeast Bank is the regional development agency of Northeast Development Administration. The government raises funds for regional development banks through financial incentives. For example, natural persons can be exempted from paying 50% income tax and use them to subscribe for new shares issued by Northeast Bank of Brazil and Amazon Bank to increase the funds for developing these areas. It is precisely because the government attaches importance to the economic development of backward areas and adopts effective methods that the economic growth rate of backward areas in Brazil is accelerated and the difference with developed areas tends to narrow.