I. Status quo and causes of accounts receivable of construction enterprises
"Accounts receivable" refers to the money that construction enterprises should collect from contract-issuing units and labor service users in the course of construction and business activities. Accounts receivable, for construction enterprises, are essentially arrears of project funds. Since entering the market economy, especially after the "Ninth Five-Year Plan", the phenomenon of construction enterprises being in arrears has lasted for a long time, and it has become more and more fierce. This not only seriously destroys the social and economic order, worsens the trading credit environment of enterprises, greatly puzzles the normal operation of construction enterprises, but also brings unstable factors to society. All along, although enterprises have taken various measures to pay off debts, this phenomenon has not been effectively controlled and is on the rise. It has not only seriously affected the capital turnover of construction enterprises, increased the business risks of enterprises, brought serious losses to enterprises, and even closed down because of huge loans. Therefore, strengthening the management of accounts receivable and clearing debts has become an important part of the management of construction enterprises.
There are many reasons for the high accounts receivable of construction enterprises, including the social environment and the enterprises themselves. It can be summarized from the following aspects:
External factors: First, due to the fierce competition in the construction market and the phenomenon that there are too many projects, construction enterprises have to take the form of advance payment or bringing capital to undertake projects, thus forming project arrears. Second, in the process of construction, the construction party failed to pay the arrears formed according to the time and completion schedule stipulated in the contract. Third, after the expiration of the project warranty period, the amount of warranty money that cannot be recovered from the construction party usually accounts for 5% of the total project cost. Fourth, the imperfect social credit system is the fundamental reason for the default of projects. Market economy is a credit economy and a legal economy. In China, due to the underdeveloped market economy, underdeveloped market credit transactions, imperfect national credit management system, and imperfect relevant laws, regulations and punishment mechanisms for dishonesty, the lack of credit is prevalent in society, which aggravates the problem of arrears in the construction field.
internal factors: it is mainly an important factor that accounts receivable rise due to poor management within the enterprise. For example, in the process of organizing construction, there is a phenomenon of "just doing it, regardless of calculation", accounts receivable collection's responsibility is not clear, it is not linked to economic benefits, and the settlement is not timely, and the handover is not perfect, which leads to the delay of the settlement project and the receivable project funds cannot be collected.
second, the impact of accounts receivable on enterprises
the accounts receivable caused by the above reasons seriously affect the turnover of working capital of enterprises, and at the same time increase the capital cost and risk of enterprises. Specifically, it includes the following aspects:
(1) Increasing the cost of construction enterprises
The cost of accounts receivable mainly includes three aspects: First, the financing cost. Such as the loan interest formed by the enterprise's loan for advance payment. The second is management cost. Such as the cost of investigating the credit status of the construction unit, the cost of collecting all kinds of relevant information, the accounting cost of accounts receivable, the collection cost of accounts receivable, etc. Third, the cost of bad debt loss. Due to various reasons, some accounts receivable cannot be recovered, resulting in bad debts and bad debts. These bad debt losses are often directly proportional to the amount of accounts receivable, that is to say, the more accounts receivable, the greater the possibility of bad debt losses.
(2), increased the financial risk of the construction enterprise
When the construction enterprise has accounts receivable, its ownership belongs to the enterprise, but the initiative is often controlled by the debtor. The larger the amount of accounts receivable, the longer the term, and the more bad debts, the impact is enormous. A large number of funds are in arrears, and the capital turnover is difficult. In order to maintain normal production, we can only rely on increasing loans. Therefore, we are burdened with heavy loan interest, which lurks serious financial risks, and it is also the biggest potential loss risk of enterprises at present, which has a far-reaching impact on profits.
(3) Factors that increase social instability
There is a serious shortage of funds, and enterprises have been unable to pay their employees' wages, medical expenses, pension insurance and unemployment insurance on time and in full for a long time, and the basic living expenses and unemployment insurance for laid-off and waiting workers are not guaranteed, which increases social instability.
therefore, in order to ensure the continuous production and operation of enterprises and improve their economic benefits, enterprises themselves should earnestly strengthen the management and control of' accounts receivable', increase the intensity of clearing debts and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises.
iii. countermeasures to strengthen the management and settlement of accounts receivable
(1) the arrears caused by the external environment need the concerted efforts of all sectors of society. We must do the following:
1. The whole society should strengthen honesty education and vigorously develop the credit evaluation industry. Strictly implement the Decision on Standardizing Market Economic Order issued by the State Council.
2. Improve laws and regulations and strengthen law enforcement. For construction units that maliciously default or evade debts, they should strengthen strict law enforcement and use compulsory punishment measures to ensure that the enterprises in arrears are legally guaranteed.
3. Strengthen monitoring to prevent the phenomenon that funds in the construction market are not in place. Only by strengthening monitoring and implementing the examination and approval of construction projects, if the funds are not in place, they are not allowed to enter the construction market, so as to fundamentally curb the spread of arrears and advances.
4. It is necessary to raise the "access" threshold of the construction market. In view of the sharp increase of the current construction team, the Ministry of Construction has implemented new regulations on the qualification management of construction enterprises. After the implementation of the implementation regulations, unqualified enterprises and personnel were prevented from engaging in the construction industry, thus strengthening the high-quality construction team.
irregular enterprise behavior. Because the legislation is not in place, government actions lead to the phenomenon of violation of discipline and black-box operation in the market. Therefore, standardizing enterprise behavior and improving the overall quality of enterprises are the problems facing the current construction industry.
(2) for the arrears caused by internal factors, enterprises must start from the source of their own problems and take a number of effective measures to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises.
1. The management and supervision of the newly added "accounts receivable" should not be relaxed to prevent new arrears. For example, in the process of construction, it is necessary to improve the construction process information, including the visa for hidden acceptance information, engineering change, increase or decrease, unit price of special materials, etc. Compile and send the project settlement data in time, do a good job of settlement by stages, urge the construction unit to review and re-settle on time and in quality, and speed up the collection time. Only in this way, can the engineering data be completely recorded, well-founded and well-documented, improve the awareness of self-protection of enterprises, reduce the difficulty of collecting money and reduce the new arrears.
2. Set up a law studio or introduce a duty system of legal advisers to participate in enterprise management and standardize enterprise operation. Our country is moving towards a legal society, and only by governing enterprises according to law and controlling people can enterprises meet the requirements of social development. The purpose of hiring lawyers is to provide legal services and legal advice for enterprises, participate in major contract negotiations of enterprises, and put forward opinions and make amendments in time in order to effectively prevent economic disputes and reduce business risks of enterprises.
3. Strengthen the concept of legal system, strengthen legal education and improve the legal awareness of enterprise employees. Strengthening legal education is to strengthen enterprise management, improve employees' consciousness of operating according to law, and pave the way for smooth project settlement in the future. For example, the legal consequences of the use and management of corporate seals are marked on the special seal of a project: "It shall not be used for the confirmation of contracts and debts", which can not only satisfy the confirmation of engineering technical data, but also avoid the risk of losses for enterprises.
4. To clean up the arrears that have occurred over the years, we should pay more attention to the big and let go of the small, and set up a debt-clearing team to carry out debt-clearing work differently and emphatically according to different situations.
(1) Clean up normal accounts receivable. For example, the construction unit belongs to normal production and operation and has the ability to pay debts, so it is necessary to strengthen contact and keep a close eye on it. Especially around the holidays, organize the main attack direction, and make use of factors such as paying migrant workers' wages to reason with the construction party and make demands. Especially in the Spring Festival and the National Day, the receivable arrears reached more than 4% of the wood engineering projects, which solved the difficult situation of liquidity turnover for enterprises. For example, for the construction units that are normal in production and operation, but can't pay off their debts at one time or in a short time due to temporary financial difficulties, they should negotiate with them, sign a repayment plan or installment repayment agreement, clarify the repayment time and deadline, formulate the liability for breach of contract, strengthen the binding force on the debtor units, and promote the enthusiasm and responsibility of repaying the arrears.
(2) clean up accounts receivable that are difficult to recover for a long time. If the construction unit is insolvent and can't produce normally or stop production, it should rely on the law and take legal action to recover it by compulsory means. In order to reduce the difficulty of execution and reduce the burden of litigation, enterprises adopt various flexible debt collection methods. For example, using the priority to recover the arrears, actively looking for the debtor's property clues, applying to the court for sealing up, freezing, auctioning, or forcing the other party to agree to repay, or paying debts in kind, or exercising creditor's rights by subrogation, etc., to speed up the process of recovering funds and reduce the risk of enterprises. Example: The enterprise has a lawsuit, and it owes about 21 million yuan. The case has entered the stage of enforcement. Although the priority of compensation was put forward to the court, there were many creditors in the case, and only one property was available for distribution. It was rejected by the Railway Intermediate People's Court twice because the priority time exceeded the legal time. However, the enterprise refuses to accept it, and then applies to the Provincial High Court, and submits a large number of materials to explain that it enjoys the priority of compensation. After hard work, the Provincial High Court finally issued a document requesting the Railway Intermediate People's Court to re-examine, and finally the priority compensation of enterprises was confirmed. At the same time, the enterprise also promptly applied to the court for priority compensation, and applied for distribution on the grounds of paying workers' wages. After half a year, it was allocated about 15 million yuan. Through this example, it shows that the legal awareness of the clearing and towing personnel is constantly improving, and the understanding of the priority right of compensation is very profound and fully utilized.
(3) arouse the work enthusiasm of the pursuers through the restraint and incentive mechanism. In order to better mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprise personnel and project managers, we will intensify the recovery, take the arrears as the assessment index, adopt the practice of rewarding and punishing, and sign the Responsibility Certificate. The tow-chasing personnel used both hard and soft methods to pester the construction party, and they would not leave if they didn't receive the money. This plays an effective role in accelerating the recovery of funds, and can achieve more than 9% of the responsibility index in a short time, which is rewarded.
(4) Continuously improve the reconciliation and signing of accounts receivable. In order to ensure the smooth progress of clearing the arrears of project funds, the financial department should do a good job of reconciliation of accounts receivable at ordinary times. In accounting, according to the operating characteristics of the enterprise itself, specific accounting subjects are set up, and accounts are set up according to the name of the project and the name of the construction unit. The accounting contents include: the settlement amount signed by the construction unit at different levels and the project payment collected each time, and the date of each payment, the number and amount of the Jian 'an invoice are listed in the summary. Check with the construction unit regularly and ask for confirmation. If there is any discrepancy in the data, it is necessary to find out the reasons and correct them in time. Accounts receivable with increasing amount and prolonged time should be reflected to the enterprise debt settlement department in time.
for more information about the engineering/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, you can click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd