Liu mingchuan
Liu Mingchuan, born in Shengsan, 1836 (16th year of Qing Daoguang), was born in a generation of peasant family under You Xiang buried hill in Hefei County (now Feixi County), Anhui Province. In the early years of Xianfeng, there were thousands of miles of bare land in the Jianghuai area, and there were many bandits. The local tyrants in the village arbitrarily distributed fees in the name of defending the place, bullying and humiliating Liu's widowed mother. 18-year-old Liu Mingchuan was furious, so he raised his pole and camped near his home to defend Lu Li.
186 1 year, Li Hongzhang returned to Hefei to recruit for Zeng Guofan. At that time, Liu Mingchuan, as the "Dusi", defected to Li Hongzhang, and the Huai Army who participated in his training went south to the Yangtze River from Anqing. Later, Liu Mingchuan participated in the suppression of Taiping rebels. Nian Jun made meritorious service and was promoted to the governor of Zhili. 1873 resigned for some reason and went back to his hometown Liu Laowei to live.
1884, the Sino-French war broke out. Liu Mingchuan was ordered to go to Beijing, and was given the title of Governor to supervise the military affairs of Taiwan Province Province. After his arrival in Taiwan Province Province, he made active preparations. According to Hefei folklore, he used hundreds of chamber pot to make lotus lanterns and put them in the sea, repelling the invading army and commanding the feat of "Pockmarked Liu Liu (Liu's nickname) protecting Taiwan". The Sino-French war in Taiwan Province Province lasted for eight months and ended in China's victory. 188510/2 (the fifth day of September in the 11th year of Guangxu) The Qing government announced the formal establishment of Taiwan Province province, and Liu Mingchuan was appointed as the first governor of Taiwan Province province.
On the anniversary of Liu Mingchuan's arrival in Taiwan, he pointed out: "Taiwan Province Province is the gateway to the seven southeast provinces, and all countries covet it. Whenever there is trouble, it is based on what needs to be done. Although the overall situation today is bumpy, we can learn from the past and the future. All fortifications, training, appeasement and cleaning up the big tail should be prepared in the second place. He served as the governor of Taiwan Province Province for six years, actively promoted the "New Deal" to run westernization, and did a lot of good things. Can be summarized as:
A, standings for war, the establishment of a military enterprise Liu Mingchuan to hire foreign teachers, with the new code to train the army, focusing on improving combat effectiveness. In addition, a number of "iron-cement" forts have been built in Keelung, Huwei (now Danshui) and Penghu, and new-style guns have been equipped to bury mines in the harbor for the enemy. He founded the Machine Bureau, Ordnance Institute, Powder Bureau and Mine Camp. All these have greatly improved the defense capability of Taiwan Province Province.
Second, "Linking merchants to benefit workers", seeking wealth through commercial warfare With the relative stability of the situation, Taiwan Province Province has rapidly established modern industry and commercial trade. Liu Mingchuan has successively launched Coal Bureau, Kerosene Bureau, Logging Bureau, Sericulture Bureau, General Administration of Salt Affairs, General Administration of Trade, China Merchants (located in Singapore, specializing in "introducing" overseas Chinese capital), General Administration of Reclamation and Camphor Official Camp. It also redraws administrative divisions and strengthens municipal construction. The core of his "education" method is "seeking wealth".
Third, build a railway and develop modern transportation. Liu Mingchuan personally supervised the establishment and appointed Taiwanese Lin Weiyuan as the general manager (later replaced by others) to build the Keelung-Hsinchu Railway, with a total length of nearly 100 km and a silver consumption of 1.29 million. It is the first self-financing and sovereign railway in China. When the stamps of the Qing Dynasty were still under the control of foreigners from the General Administration of Customs and Taxation, the General Post Office of Taiwan Province Province issued stamps independently. The successful laying of Taiwan Province Taibei-Fuzhou, Anping-Penghu submarine telegraph lines and several land lines on the island greatly facilitated the communication between Taiwan Province Province and the mainland and Taiwan Province Province.
Fourth, clear taxes and manage finances. Liu Mingchuan, a talented person from Luo Zhi, is determined to realize "Taiwan's wealth serves Taiwan" economically and reduce the burden on the mainland. He cleaned up the land tax, rectified the tax revenue, introduced foreign capital and opened up more financial resources. He also went into the mountains to "comfort the people" and founded a school for a few mountain people in the central mountainous area. He doesn't care about the Hunan-Huaihe system, Taiwan Province people and mainlanders. He is meritocratic and realistic, which is commendable.
Liu Mingchuan's series of reforms in Taiwan Province Province were inevitably opposed by the die-hards of the Qing court and hated by some people on the island of Taiwan Province Province. 189 1 year (in the seventeenth year of Guangxu), he was forced to resign and return home. After the Sino-Japanese War, treaty of shimonoseki signed and Taiwan Province Province was ceded to Japan. Liu Mingchuan died in the early morning of 1896 65438+ 10/2. Lian Heng, the author of General History of Taiwan Province Province, praised: "During the 300 years in Taiwan Province Province, there were many officials, and two of them were able to formulate long-term policies: Chen Yonghua and Governor Liu Mingchuan." Liu Mingchuan has made outstanding contributions to the resistance to French aggression, the establishment of Taiwan Province Province and the economic and cultural construction after the establishment of the province. He is a pioneer in the modernization of Taiwan Province Province and an outstanding patriotic figure in the modern history of China, and has long been remembered by people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. Today, there are many facilities in Taiwan Province Island to commemorate Liu Mingchuan.
Jian Jiang, Cha Shibiao, Wang Zhirui and Sun Yi, representatives of Xin 'an Painting School in the early Qing Dynasty, Liu Dahuai and Yao Nai, representatives of Tongcheng prose in the Qing Dynasty, Wu, novelist and author of The Scholars in the Qing Dynasty, dramatist and leader of Anhui Opera in the Qing Dynasty, famous landscape painter Huang in modern times, and famous scholars Hu Shi and Tao Xingzhi. Economically, there are mainly Wang Maoyin, the only China economist in Qing Dynasty, and Marx mentioned in Capital.
Li Hongzhang, founder of the Westernization Movement in modern China, and Chen Duxiu, one of the founders of the Chinese Production Party and the New Culture Movement.