(2) The five strong men of Langya Mountain, in order to cover the masses and large troops to retreat and stop the Japanese army, finally ran out of ammunition and all jumped off the cliff.
(3) Lin Zexu, the anti-smoking movement, strengthened China.
(4) Li Zongren, a famous patriotic democrat, served as commander of the Fifth Theater during the Anti-Japanese War, and organized major battles on the frontal battlefields, such as Xuzhou Battle, Winter Offensive, Zaoyi Battle, and won great victories in Taierzhuang, effectively attacking the Japanese aggressors.
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Yue Fei (1103 ——1142), whose name is Peng Ju, was born in a tenant farmer's house in Tangyin, Xiangzhou, Northern Song Dynasty (now tangyin county, Henan Province). In his youth, he was confronted with a large-scale plundering war by the Golden Nuzhen nobles against Song Dynasty. He witnessed with his own eyes the painful historical facts before and after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, shared the same breath with the people in the occupied areas of the Central Plains at that time, and had a strong desire and demand to resolutely resist the oppression of the Nuzhen nobles, recover their homeland and unify the motherland.
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the people of Han nationality, Qidan nationality, Bohai, Xi and other ethnic groups, who were deeply oppressed by ethnic groups, spontaneously organized themselves to resist.
Since the 1920s, a vigorous national war against gold has been launched between the north and south of the Yellow River and the Huaihe River. Yue Fei, together with Zong Ze and Han Shizhong, the famous anti-gold fighters, stood in the forefront of the anti-gold struggle. However, the corrupt ruling clique in the Northern Song Dynasty adopted the policy of compromise and surrender. In 1 127 (the second year of Jingkang), Zhao Gou, the leader of the Southern Song Dynasty small court, was also a capitulator. He was content in the south of the Yangtze River and indulged in singing and dancing. He didn't really organize the anti-Jin national war and carry it through to the end. The difference was that he trusted Qin Gui and other capitulationists and made a series of talks and capitulations through them. On the one hand, Zong Ze, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and other anti-Japanese factions were used to resist the fierce offensive of 8 Jin J, so as to keep his throne as emperor and accumulate the capital of kneeling down for peace. In the mid-1920s, after the formation of the military demarcation line between Song and Jin in the east from Jianghuai and the west to Shaanxi, the ruling clique of Zhao Gou and Qin Gui actually became the biggest stumbling block in the anti-Jin struggle in the Southern Song Dynasty. On the other hand, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and other anti-Japanese factions have become the biggest obstacles to the activities of Zhao Gou and Qin Gui capitulationists. The struggle between the anti-Japanese faction and the capitulators in the Southern Song Dynasty became increasingly acute.
Yue Fei resolutely opposed peace talks, advocated the war of resistance to the end, put personal honor and disgrace at risk, and resolutely struggled against the surrender activities of Zhao Gou and Qin Gui. 1 139 (the ninth year of Shaoxing), Yue Fei heard in Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei Province) that the Song-Jin peace talks would be reached, and immediately wrote to express his opposition, declaring that "the Jin people are untrustworthy and can't rely on reconciliation", and directly criticized Qin Gui, the "prime minister", for his scheming and ill-intentioned surrender activities, which made "Qin Gui take the title (embrace). After the peace talks were reached, Emperor Zhao Gou got carried away, awarded the Amnesty letters, and greatly rewarded the civil and military ministers. However, the imperial edict was issued three times, but Yue Fei refused it, and was not rewarded by the three departments of Kaifu Instrument (first-class official title) and granted by 3,500 food cities. In politely decline, he bitterly expressed his opposition to peace talks: "Today's things can be dangerous but not safe, and you can worry but not congratulate." Once again, he expressed his determination to recover the Central Plains. "I am willing to make a total victory, and I will recover my land in the two rivers in the future, and I will take revenge and serve the country." This is tantamount to throwing cold water on Song Gaozong's pledge, thus making Zhao Gou and Qin Gui bear a grudge. "However, regardless of personal gains and losses, Yue Fei insisted on the position of the Anti-Japanese War to the end, led the army, contacted the northern rebel army, effectively engaged in the war of resistance against gold, planned to recover the Central Plains and unify the motherland, and became a powerful pillar in the national war of resistance against gold.
1 139 (Shaoxing nine years) in the summer, Jin Wushu tore up Shaoxing peace talks, they nest; Launch a large-scale war against Song again. Under the situation that the East and West armies gained the victory over Jin Dajie, Yue Fei marched from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and launched an unstoppable counterattack. "The time has come for him to display his ambition to regain the Central Plains.
After Yue Jiajun entered the Central Plains, he was warmly welcomed by the people of the Central Plains and the loyal militia. In July of this year, Yue Fei personally led a Qingqi to be stationed in Yancheng, Henan Province, and had a fierce battle with the fifteen thousand fine riders of Jin Wushu. Yue Fei led the troops to attack the enemy lines, greatly breaking the "iron floating map" (bodyguard pro-soldier) and "kidnapper horse" (cavalry attacked by left and right pincers) of Jin Wu, and defeated Jin Wu greatly. Yue Fei led Yang Zaixing into the enemy lines, trying to capture Jin Wushu alive, but he couldn't find it. He killed hundreds of enemies by hand and was wounded by dozens of places, so he was very brave. Yue Jiajun's soldiers have the fighting style of "defending their lives without going", and the enemy's overwhelming efforts can't shake Yue Jiajun's lineup. After the great victory in Yancheng, Yue Fei marched into Zhuxian Town (only forty-five miles away from Bianjing, the base camp of 8 Jin Army), and Jin Wushu gathered 100,000 troops to resist, and was beaten out of the water by Yue Fei. Yue Fei's northern expedition to the Central Plains recovered Yingchang, Cai Zhou, Chen Zhou, Zhengzhou, Yancheng and Zhuxian Town in one breath, and wiped out the effective strength of 8 Jin Army. The morale of 8 Jin Army was shaken, and Jin Wushu prepared to flee from Kaifeng overnight. The struggle against gold in the Southern Song Dynasty took a fundamental turn for the better, and took another step forward, falling into the Central Plains for more than ten years. It is expected to be recovered. Yue Fei excitedly said to the generals, "Go straight to Huanglong House and have a drink with you!" (break the wine ring to celebrate) "and Jin Jun issued a lament that" it is easy to shake the mountain, but it is difficult to shake the Yue family. "
However, Yue Jiajun, who was hard to shake by foreign enemies, was devastated by the capitulators in the Southern Song Dynasty. At this moment of brilliant victory in the Anti-Japanese War, Emperor Gaozong Zhao Gou, who willingly acted as the son emperor, was worried that once the Central Plains was recovered and the Jin people were put back to his brother Qinzong, he would lose the throne and eagerly hoped to make peace with Jin. The Jin people were planted in the court of the Southern Song Dynasty to steal Qin Jian, a high-ranking spy of the prime minister, and also seized the unspeakable heart disease of Emperor Gaozong to engage in wanton activities and undermine Yue Fei's war of resistance. They colluded with each other and plotted to draw up an evil plan to withdraw troops across the board and ruin the excellent situation of resisting gold. First, they ordered the East-West Line to retreat, which caused the unfavorable situation that Yue Jiajun was alone. That is, in the name of "you can't stay alone for a long time", you won 12 gold medals in a row (red lacquered gold), which made Yue Fei "deal with the squad". Under the unfavorable situation of "training teachers" and "losing teachers" at the end, Yue Fei knows that this is the chaotic life of the powerful minister; However, in order to preserve the strength of resisting gold, we had to bear the pain of moving troops. Yue Fei said indignantly; "Ten years of work, waste in once! All the counties will be closed once and for all! It is difficult to revive the society! Gankun world, there is no reason to reply! " Yue Fei's heroic struggle against Jin was forced to be interrupted. When Yue Jiajun moved troops, he longed for his elder brothers in Julian Waghann Beiding Central Plains for a long time and stopped crying. In order to protect the lives and property of ordinary people, Yue Fei deliberately threatened to cross the river tomorrow, scaring Jin Wushu to abandon the north overnight and prepare to cross the Yellow River in the north, so that Yue Fei could calmly organize a large number of people from Henan to move south to Xianghan before withdrawing from the Central Plains. At this time, a shameless scholar caught up with Jin Wushu on horseback, detained his horse and remonstrated: "The Prince (Wu Shu) doesn't leave, but the capital can be defended, and Yue Shao can retreat!" ..... Since ancient times, there have been no worthies, but generals can make contributions to outsiders. "Jin Wushu returned to Kaifeng with the whole army, and took back the land of the Central Plains with no effort.
As soon as Yue Fei returned to Lin 'an, he immediately fell into the trap arranged by Qin Gui, Zhang Jun and others. 1 14 1 year (the 11th year of Shaoxing), he was falsely accused of "rebellion" and was put into Dali Temple in Lin 'an (the original site was near Xiaoqiao Bridge in Hangzhou today). Supervise the censor Wan Hou * (at the end of the sound) to personally interrogate and torture Yue Fei. At the same time, the Song and Jin governments are stepping up planning for the second peace talks. Both sides regard the anti-Japanese faction as a thorn in their side, and Jin Wushu even wrote to Qin Gui in a fierce manner: "Yue Fei must be killed before peace can be achieved." Under the attack of two evil forces inside and outside, Yue Fei was upright, aboveboard and loyal to serving the country. From him, Qin Gui and his gang couldn't find any evidence of "rebellion against the imperial court", but Yue Fei was still killed in Dali Temple in Lin 'an at the age of 39 on Lunar New Year's Eve in the eleventh year of Shaoxing. Yue Fei also beheaded Zhang Xian and his son Yue Yun at the city gate. Yue Fei's father and son and Zhang Xian died at the hands of a treacherous court official and a bad king, which aroused the strong anger of the anti-Jin army and ordinary people. Han Shizhong questioned Qin Gui face to face, and Qin Gui prevaricated that "the matter is unnecessary (maybe there is)." Han Shizhong refuted on the spot: How can the word "unwarranted" prevail over the world? "Yue Fei, a national hero, died with an injustice under the charge of" unwarranted ". Before he died, he wrote eight characters on the confession, "It is clear every day, it is clear every day". This is a cry of grief and indignation!
Although Yue Fei was killed, his loyal service to the country was indelible. It was he who expressed the demands of the oppressed nation, adhered to the lofty national integrity, persisted in the just struggle against the Jin Dynasty under the condition of crisis, and knew that he cared for the people's anti-Jin forces and joined forces with the anti-Jin military and civilians to save half of the Southern Song Dynasty, so that the people of South China were free from the ravages of the Jin rulers, thus preserving the highly developed feudal economy and culture of China and enabling it to continue to develop. Yue Fei deserves to be an outstanding national hero in Chinese history.
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World War II air hero Arthur Tien Chin
1997 10. On 4th of October, a ceremony was held at the American Air Force War Heroes Museum, which belongs to the American Air Force History Museum, to honor the first American air combat hero in World War II. Surprisingly, he turned out to be a Chinese, who was Arthur Tien Chin, the air hero of World War II. Obviously, for Arthur Tien Chin, this award is decades late.
The American Air Force History Museum, located in Midland, Texas, USA, has a collection of more than 300 American airplanes. Its subordinate US Air Force Combat Heroes Pavilion specializes in collecting and exhibiting the deeds of American air combat heroes. However, the air combat hero selected for the museum must have a record of shooting down more than five enemy planes, and can only be awarded the title of Air Combat Hero (ACE) after being selected by the advisory committee of the museum. The Advisory Committee is composed of active and retired US Air Force Chief of Staff, military experts and aviation experts, including a retired British Air Force Marshal, *** 120.
In this year's commemoration of the "July 7th Lugouqiao Incident" and "August 14th Great Victory in the Anti-Japanese Air War", the American media widely publicized Arthur Tien Chin's award as an air war hero, and introduced his heroic deeds and bumpy life. For example, American newspapers such as World Journal, International Journal, Sing Tao Daily, and American Cable TV Military Channel. 1August, 99814th edition of International Daily wrote that he was "China Hawk" and "the first American air combat hero" in World War II; When the World Journal published his uniform photo in the Guangdong Air Force, it called him "an air combat hero of China and the United States" and "forever admirable". This has aroused great repercussions in American society, especially among overseas Chinese compatriots.
Arthur Tien Chin, who was only 19 years old in 1932, returned to the motherland with full blood. 1On the second day of the "August 13th Incident" in 937, he took part in the "August 14th" air battle that shocked China and foreign countries. Two days later, he shot down the Japanese Mitsubishi bomber with the American Hawk biplane fighter, setting his own record for shooting down enemy planes. From 1937 to 1939, he shot down six enemy planes and assisted the wingman in shooting down three enemy planes. In the air battle, he fought bravely and dared to fight and rush. His landline was shot down by enemy planes three times, but all of them parachuted successfully and survived. On one occasion, when his plane was hit, he risked his life to fly straight at the enemy plane and crashed it. He himself successfully parachuted and survived when the plane lost a wing. Another time was Arthur Tien Chin, who served as deputy air force commander in the autumn of 1939. He twice led the Soviet Air Force to help China bomb enemy-occupied areas around Kunlun Pass. In the battle over Yongning on 1 February 27th, three Chinese planes involved in the war met with more than Japanese 10 fighters. After a fierce air battle of1hour, China * * * shot down three enemy planes. In the battle, Arthur Tien Chin's plane fuel tank was unfortunately hit by an enemy plane and caught fire, and his whole body caught fire. He parachuted with fire. In order to blow out the flame on his body with the help of high-speed airflow, he did not open his umbrella in time after parachuting, and kept a clear head until he landed. Although he parachuted successfully, his face and body were still burned in large areas. His heroic deeds were widely celebrated at that time, known as "Chima's Warhawk", and were also published in China Hawk, an American English extracurricular reading. The series of "RealHeroes, True Stories in Comics" published by the United States in 1946, published in the third issue of 13 in March and April of that year, with the title of "Thrilling Stories About Real People", introduced his anti-Japanese achievements and extraordinary experiences. To commemorate his 1937 shooting down the Japanese advanced Mitsubishi 96 single-wing bomber with a relatively backward two-wing Hawk fighter, Roy Grinnell, a famous American painter, also made a special painting to show the fierce air combat scene at that time. It is said that a Hollywood film company also intends to put his story on the screen. Last year 10-4, it is reasonable that the US Air Force Museum selected him as the earliest air combat hero in the United States during World War II. At the commendation ceremony, he was called "America's first air combat hero in World War II".
Arthur Tien Chin, who had a rough experience, was born in Dajiang Village, Taishan County, Guangdong Province. His father was Chinese and his mother was Peruvian. 19 13, Arthur Tien Chin was born in Portland, Oregon, USA. He was interested in flying in his early years, so he learned to fly by working to earn money in high school. He got an American pilot's license when the Japanese invaded China. 1932 After the September 18th incident, the Chinese in Portland decided to send volunteers back to China to participate in the anti-Japanese air combat. At that time, Arthur Tien Chin had graduated from the American Aviation School founded by local Chinese, and he volunteered to join the volunteers with 13 patriotic youths from Oregon, Washington and California, including a young woman.
Arthur Tien Chin and his party first arrived in Shanghai by boat, but they were not taken in by the Kuomintang Central Army. In that year 1 1 month, he moved to Guangzhou Chen Jitang to join the Guangdong Air Force, and was soon assigned to the Sixth Flying Team of the Guangdong Air Force with the rank of second lieutenant. 1935, he was sent to Germany to study fighter flight and tactics and was promoted to lieutenant after returning home. 1in July, 936, Chen Jitang was transferred to the Nanjing government, and the Guangdong Air Force was incorporated by the central government, while Arthur Tien Chin was assigned as a fighter flight instructor at the Central Aviation School in Jianqiao, Hangzhou. In the same year 10, he served as the squadron leader of the 3rd Brigade 17 Squadron of Guangdong Air Force.
1938 summer promoted to major squadron leader.
1939, he was promoted to deputy captain of the 3rd Brigade.
After the Lugouqiao Incident on July 7th in 1937, he fought in Kunlun Pass on February 27th 1939/kloc-0. He has performed many interception and escort missions in East China, South China and Central South China, and participated in the famous major battles such as Hangzhou Jianqiao Victory, Wuhan Air Battle and Nanjing Defence War. Arthur Tien Chin was badly burned in the Kunlun Pass battle because of the fire in the plane's fuel tank. Because of the inconvenient transportation, it took him three days to be sent to Liuzhou Hospital. At that time, his facial wound was infected and inflamed. Due to the poor local medical conditions, he could not get a good treatment, and then he moved to Hong Kong and Hengyang. Finally, with the help of General Chennault of the Flying Tigers and Mrs. Song Meiling, the wife of Chiang Kai-shek, he returned to the United States for medical treatment in 1940. In the United States, his face was not successful after five years of plastic surgery. Despite his distorted face, he returned to the motherland at the beginning of 1945 to carry out the air transport mission on the hump route and continue to contribute to the anti-Japanese war. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, he was transferred to China Airlines as a pilot. In the summer of 1949, he returned to Portland and worked in a local post office in 1952 to sort and distribute letters until he retired in 1983. 1September 3, 997 unfortunately died at the age of 84.
There were three ladies before and after Arthur Tien Chin. The first is Wu Yuemei, a patriotic overseas Chinese, the daughter of Wu Qianfang, a diplomatic official of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary government. She met Arthur Tien Chin when she was studying in Guangdong. When a Japanese plane attacked Liuzhou at night, in order to save her husband, she fell on him and was unfortunately hit by shrapnel. Arthur Tien Chin and Wu Yuemei had two boys. At first, the second one was an American nurse, FrancisMurdock, whom he met during his five-year treatment in new york, USA. 1945, because Arthur Tien Chin returned to the motherland to resist Japan after discharge, they broke up from then on. They have a daughter.
The third lady, Yang Ruizhi, is from Shanghai. She met him when she was working in ground service for China Airlines and got married in 1948. They have a boy who is now a diplomat from the State Council in Singapore.
Arthur Tien Chin now has four children, one grandson 10, and one great grandson 1 0.
rank first
Arthur Tien Chin's heroic deeds and rough experiences greatly shocked another American air combat hero, that is, KenJernstbt.
Ken Janster is a pilot of the Flying Tigers who volunteered to help China by the US Air Force. After he retired, he served as a senator of Oregon for more than 30 years. In the war against Japan during World War II, he achieved a brilliant record of destroying 12 enemy planes (shooting down 5 Japanese planes in the air and destroying 7 Japanese planes on the ground). Therefore, he has long won the title of American air combat hero (ACE).
When he flew back to the United States for medical treatment in Arthur Tien Chin 1940, he also took the same plane, so they met. Although he has made a name for himself, he was deeply moved when he learned about Arthur Tien Chin's bravery, outstanding achievements and unfortunate experiences. He believes that Arthur Tien Chin is undoubtedly the first air combat hero in the United States in World War II. For this reason, he has been fighting for Arthur Tien Chin's anonymity in the air combat hero list for a long time, and tried his best to recommend Arthur Tien Chin to the Air Force Museum Advisory Committee.
However, the Advisory Committee believes that the United States officially declared war on Japan after the Pearl Harbor Incident on February 7th 194 1 year/kloc-0, and Arthur Tien Chin returned to the United States for medical treatment on February 7th 1940. Moreover, Arthur Tien Chin was not in the US Air Force at that time, but in the Guangdong Air Force, so it was too late to determine.
In fact, for a long time, the attitude of the Kuomintang Air Force has been very disappointing: first of all, it should not be shut out of Arthur Tien Chin, who has served the motherland with aviation and joined the army in Shanghai; Secondly, Arthur Tien Chin, who has made such a meritorious military service, is not publicized or commended because Chen is not a member of the Central Army but the Guangdong Air Force. General Lai Mingtang, former commander-in-chief of Taiwan Province Air Force, once said: Arthur Tien Chin is a Guangdong faction army in Chen Jitang, not a central army. Although it has laid down many Japanese planes, it doesn't count. That's ridiculous!
After Ken Janster's persistent running and lobbying, the advisory committee finally accepted Janster's recommendation on the grounds that Arthur Tien Chin was fighting against the same enemy, that the Flying Tigers of the US Air Force had fought against Japan in China before the United States declared war on Japan, and that Arthur Tien Chin himself was an American citizen. In the selection process, Janster also strongly insisted that Arthur Tien Chin was the first American hero to shoot down a Japanese plane. Therefore, Arthur Tien Chin's name was inscribed on the hero list of the US Air Force's Hall of Combat Heroes in 1997, and was officially selected as the first air combat hero of the United States in World War II. At the same time, he was selected to be included in the Who's Who of American Air Force Fighting Heroes, and there were seven other American Air Force heroes.
Arthur Tien Chin learned the news before his death, and originally planned to attend the commendation ceremony in person. Unfortunately, he died one month and one day before the ceremony, and his 17-year-old grandson attended the grand event on his behalf.
Arthur Tien Chin's heroic deeds and unfortunate experiences have aroused great repercussions in American society, with Chinese Americans and news media paying more attention. In addition to extensive publicity and reports in the press, the American cable TV military channel is also preparing to film his legendary life into an album, and intends to film the air combat heroes who returned to the motherland to participate in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression at that time into a series of feature films. To this end, they specially entrusted Dr. Ye Chenhui, an American expert in Silicon Valley, to help find and collect information about Arthur Tien Chin before his death, especially the photos before his face was disfigured, as well as information about other heroes.
Mr. Ye Chenhui has a good knowledge of the history of air combat. Last year, he used the Chinese media (see the article "Barber's Adventures in China" in June, 1997) and through the efforts of the relevant departments in Hunan, he finally found two benefactors who had saved the American air combat hero Barber during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. Before being rescued in that distress, Barber shot down the plane of Japanese navy general Isoroku Yamamoto (see the article "Who shot down Yamamoto should get to the bottom" in June, 1997/KLOC-0).
After the news of collecting Arthur Tien Chin's information before his death was disclosed by the news media, many enthusiastic readers provided clues one after another. Mr. Ye Chenhui quickly found Ms. Yang Ruizhi, the widow of Major Arthur Tien Chin, who now lives in Portland, and was fortunate enough to see her handsome military uniform photo of Arthur Tien Chin when he first entered the Guangdong Air Force, as well as "China Hawk" I.