Novices need to master basic knowledge to learn computers. What are the basic knowledge? Friends who want to know, please look over. I have carefully prepared the "Encyclopedia of Basic Computer Knowledge" for you below for reference only. Continue to pay attention to this site and you will continue to obtain more information! Encyclopedia of Basic Computer Knowledge
Computer development
According to the different electronic devices used in computers, computer development can be divided into electron tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and very large-scale integrated circuits. There are four generations in a row, and each generation is more powerful than the last.
Computer system composition
A complete computer system consists of two parts: a hardware system and a software system.
(1) Hardware system generally refers to a computer entity composed of electronic devices and electromechanical devices.
It is the entity that we see with our naked eyes. Such as: power supply, monitor, main chassis, etc.
The main electronic components that make up a microcomputer are composed of highly integrated large-scale integrated circuits and very large-scale integrated circuits. The meaning of "micro" here refers to the small size of the microcomputer. The miniaturized central processing unit is called a microprocessor, which is the core of the microcomputer system.
The microprocessor sends out three sets of buses: address bus (AB), data bus (DB) and control bus (CB). Other circuits (often called chips) can be connected to these three buses. The microcomputer consists of a microprocessor and internal memory. In addition, there are external memories, input devices and output devices, which are collectively referred to as external devices.
(2) Computer software refers to the general term for various programs and related explanatory materials that run on hardware devices. The so-called program is actually a collection of instructions used by users to instruct the computer to perform various actions in order to complete specified tasks. The work that the user wants the computer to do may be complex, so the program that directs the computer to work may also be very large and complex. Sometimes the program may need to be modified and improved. Therefore, in order to facilitate reading and modification, the program must be modified as necessary. explanation or sort out relevant information.
It is the program we use. Such as: music software, game software, Baidu, etc.
Computers and Information Processing
Information is data that reflects objective conditions, which can be expressed in multimedia forms such as graphics, text, sound, and video.
Digital information: Information represented only by code strings of 0 and 1 is called digital information.
A computer is an information processing (processing) machine. Computers generally refer to digital computers. Digital computers can accept and process digitized information.
The information input into the computer can be divided into two categories: data and program: data is the object to be processed; program is the instruction string for processing the data.
Information processing refers to the encoding, storage, conversion, transmission, detection, etc. of information.
The information that computers can process includes text, numerical values, graphics, sounds, images, videos, etc. Extended reading: How to learn basic computer knowledge
How to learn basic computer knowledge
As for how to learn, I think I can answer it in one sentence, because I really don’t have any skills. Basically, I mainly read books, supplemented by videos. Sometimes it is easy to get sleepy when reading these knowledge, because some of them are really boring, especially the principles of compilation and computer composition, which are difficult and boring.
A more effective way to learn is to start from the knowledge points used at work. In this way, you may learn with questions, and the purpose is stronger. It will be more interesting to learn, and after learning Then it will suddenly become clearer.
However, if you are a student, it is difficult to start from the knowledge points you encounter at work, especially if you don’t know anything, or if you don’t know anything about basic computer knowledge, So even if you have questions, it's hard to know where to start.
Therefore, my suggestion is that if you can, you must learn it systematically. Don’t think that you will work in the future, or wait until you have used it before learning. You must learn systematically from 0 to 1. The so-called The system is just to find a book and read it from beginning to end. It is so simple and crude.
How to read computer books
In fact, I read these books very quickly, because I will read a book as quickly as possible and first look at the overall To master this knowledge, you won't stick to a certain knowledge point. You just need to read it over and over again and understand it. But if you ask me for details, I may have forgotten them. Many of them only have a general idea of ??what is going on.
Generally speaking, I have read the operating system and computer network twice. The first time is just for understanding. I have a general idea in my mind. I read quickly and generally know how the operating system works. Thing is, how the network is linked.
After reading it for the first time, I will look at the table of contents of this book. When I see a certain title, I will think about it. For example, how does TCP ensure reliable transmission? I will think about how to ensure it, and then open the corresponding page to see what the big guys have written, because reliable transmission actually involves many methods. After reading it for the first time, although I understood it at the time, In fact, I have forgotten many of them. At this time, I will watch it again and be amazed by the methods that the big guys came up with.
However, I didn’t watch it from beginning to end the second time, but based on the table of contents. When I watched it for the first time, I sometimes felt sleepy while watching it, but the second time When you watch it, you will get more points, and you will keep giving thumbs up to the big guys. Damn it, I didn’t expect to do this!
In short, start with quick and systematic steps. To grasp this knowledge in general, it is normal to feel sleepy while reading. Later, you will think about your own ideas based on the table of contents and see how it is implemented in the book, because when you have learned nothing, you actually have very few ideas. Yes, but after you read a lot of people’s thoughts, you will already have various thoughts in your head. In other words, you must think about it when you watch it for the second time.
Another way is that sometimes I learn by watching videos for the first time. After watching the video quickly, I then systematically read the book from beginning to end. I don’t read the book while watching the video. Instead, he went crazy and finished the video as quickly as possible.
Characteristics of computers
(1) Fast computing speed
Computer computing speed (also called processing speed) is one of the important indicators of computer performance. The measure of computer processing speed is generally the number of addition operations a computer can perform in one second, commonly expressed as MIPS (Chinese meaning is one million machine language instructions per second).
(2) High calculation accuracy
Since the computer uses binary numbers for calculations internally, the numerical values ??are represented by binary numbers inside the computer, and the accuracy of the number is determined by the number of binary encoding digits. , the accuracy can be improved by increasing the number of binary digits. The more digits, the higher the accuracy. The number of effective digits in computer operations far exceeds any previous calculation tool, making numerical calculations very accurate.
(3) Strong storage capacity
Computer storage devices can store raw data, intermediate results, calculation results, programs and other information for use.