(1) Accounting treatment of the merged enterprise The first is the accounting treatment after the evaluation of the merged enterprise. The assets of the approved merged enterprise shall be appraised by the statutory assets appraisal institution according to the regulations, which belongs to the change of enterprise property rights. After the evaluation results are reported to the relevant departments for approval or filing, the corresponding accounting treatment shall be carried out according to the following principles: the merged enterprise shall adjust the book value of relevant assets according to the asset value approved for filing. Current assets, long-term investments and intangible assets shall be debited (or credited) to the relevant asset account and credited (or debited) to the "capital reserve" account according to the difference between the assessed and recorded value and the book value. For fixed assets, debit (or credit) the account of "fixed assets" according to the difference between the original value of fixed assets confirmed by evaluation and the original book value of fixed assets, credit (or debit) the account of "capital reserve" according to the difference between the net value of fixed assets confirmed by evaluation and the original book value of fixed assets, and credit (or debit) the account of "accumulated depreciation" according to the difference between them. The second is the accounting treatment at the end of the merged enterprise. When the merged enterprise loses its legal person status, it shall debit the balance of all liabilities and owners' equity accounts and credit the balance of all assets accounts. Enterprises that retain legal person status can still continue to use the original enterprise account books; You can also end old scores. Set up a new account. Enterprises should transfer all the net assets of the merged enterprise into paid-in capital, whether they continue to use the original enterprise account books or set up new accounts.
(2) The accounting treatment of the merging enterprise is also divided into two situations. The first is how to deal with the situation that the merged enterprise loses its legal person qualification. In the case of paid merger, all assets shall be debited according to the value confirmed by the assets appraisal, intangible assets-goodwill shall be debited according to the difference between the transaction value and the net assets confirmed by the appraisal, all liabilities shall be credited according to the confirmed amount of liabilities, and special accounts payable-accounts payable for merged enterprises shall be credited according to the confirmed transaction value. When the enterprise pays the price, it shall debit the account of "special payable-payable for the merged enterprise" and credit the account of "bank deposit". Take free transfer merger, should according to the value of the assets and liabilities assessment and confirmation, debit all assets subjects, credit all liabilities subjects, if there is a difference between the two, credit "paid-in capital" subjects. The second is how to deal with the situation that the merged enterprise still retains the legal person qualification. If an enterprise merges other enterprises with compensation, it shall be treated as a long-term investment, and the account of "long-term investment" shall be debited according to the paid price, and the account of "bank deposit" shall be credited. When conducting financial accounting at the end of the year, the merged enterprise shall adopt the equity method to account for its investment when compiling individual accounting statements, and the difference between the initial investment cost of its long-term investment and the share of the owner's equity of the invested unit shall be regarded as the equity investment difference. If an enterprise obtains the assets of the merged enterprise by free transfer, it shall debit the title of "long-term investment" and credit the title of "paid-in capital" according to the transferred net assets.
Two, the accounting treatment of the increase or decrease in the evaluation of foreign investment assets of enterprises
Enterprises only need to carry out asset appraisal when investing in foreign countries with physical assets. After the appraisal results are approved or put on record by the relevant departments and the investment is successful, both the investor and the investee should carry out corresponding accounting treatment according to the appraisal results.
The initial investment cost of long-term equity investment should be determined according to the principle of non-monetary transactions when enterprises carry out equity restructuring or invest in foreign countries with non-cash assets. When the equity method is used for accounting, the difference between the initial investment cost of equity investment and the owner's equity share of the invested unit is regarded as the equity investment difference, and the accounting treatment is carried out separately; If the initial investment cost is greater than the difference of the owner's equity share of the investee, debit the title of "Long-term equity investment-a certain unit (equity investment difference)" and credit the title of "Long-term equity investment-a certain unit (investment cost)", and amortize it into profit and loss according to the specified period; If the initial investment cost is less than the share of the owner's equity of the investee, debit the title of "long-term equity investment-a company (investment cost)" and credit the title of "capital reserve-equity investment preparation".
For the long-term equity investment obtained by an enterprise by giving up non-cash assets, the difference between the investment cost and the book value of the abandoned non-cash assets shall first be deducted from the income tax payable in the future according to regulations and credited to the subject of "deferred tax". The difference between the investment cost and the book value of the abandoned non-cash assets, after deducting the future income tax payable, is recorded in the subject of "capital reserve-equity investment preparation". When the enterprise disposes of the investment, the amount originally recorded in the subject of "capital reserve-equity investment preparation" is transferred to the subject of "capital reserve-other capital reserves transferred"; When the enterprise transfers capital according to the prescribed procedures, the realized amount transferred to the subject of "capital reserve-other capital reserve transfer" can be used to transfer capital (or share capital). When an enterprise invests abroad in cash and adopts the equity method, the difference between the initial investment cost of long-term equity investment and the share of the owner's equity of the invested unit shall also be treated according to the above principles.
Three, enterprise restructuring assets evaluation accounting treatment
Enterprise restructuring must be authorized by the state-owned assets management department to carry out asset evaluation, and the increase or decrease in the value of the evaluation shall be reported to the relevant competent department for confirmation. After receiving the notice of assessment confirmation, the accounting personnel of an enterprise shall adjust the book value of assets and make corresponding accounting treatment.
(I) Accounting Treatment of Assets Appraisal and Appreciation in State-owned Enterprise Restructuring According to the relevant provisions of Caishuizi [1997] No.77, after the shareholding system reform of domestic-funded enterprises, the appraisal and appreciation will not be converted into shares, and the balance after deducting future income tax will be included in the reserve for capital reserve appreciation, and income tax shall be paid according to the provisions of the tax law. When an enterprise accrues depreciation of fixed assets, it can accrue according to the original book price of fixed assets, or it can accrue according to the original price of fixed assets confirmed by evaluation.
Depreciation shall be accrued according to the original price of fixed assets after appraisal and reconciliation. The value-added part of assets appraisal shall not be converted into shares, and tax shall be levied when the assets are depreciated, used or amortized according to the tax law. When adjusting the book value of fixed assets according to the value of fixed assets confirmed by appraisal, the income tax payable in the future due to the value-added appraisal shall be credited to the subject of "deferred tax", and the difference after deducting the income tax payable in the future from the value-added appraisal of fixed assets shall be recorded in the subject of "capital reserve-preparation for value-added appraisal of assets". When the company depreciates, uses or amortizes assets according to the regulations, or carries them forward to the taxable income within the prescribed time limit, its income tax payable shall be debited to the subject of "deferred tax" and credited to the subject of "tax payable-income tax payable". The net appreciation reserve of assets originally included in the capital reserve should be transferred to other capital reserves because the company implements the Accounting System for Business Enterprises. After the appreciation value of the assets to be assessed is realized, the transferred "other capital reserve" can be converted into share capital according to the prescribed procedures, and the account of "capital reserve-other capital reserve transferred" can be debited and credited to the account of "share capital". Theoretically, how to carry forward the appreciation of assets to taxable income should be dealt with separately when the depreciation, use or amortization expenses of assets are accrued. However, in the reorganization of the joint-stock system, the net amount of asset appreciation and impairment offset is included in the capital reserve, which is difficult to correspond to each other in practical work. Therefore, we can consider adopting a comprehensive adjustment method according to the provisions of the tax law, that is, the appreciation of assets, regardless of asset items, will be adjusted in the cost and expense items of tax returns in future years, and the taxable income in each tax year will be increased accordingly, with the longest adjustment period not exceeding 10 year. Conditional enterprises can also adjust item by item according to the actual increase or decrease of each item.
Depreciation is accrued according to the original book price of fixed assets. In this case, because the company only included the depreciation part accrued according to the original book price of the fixed assets in the cost, it is not necessary to calculate the income tax payable in the future for the value-added part, and the company should include all the value-added part in the capital reserve. When drawing depreciation, the company should debit the relevant subjects and credit the "accumulated depreciation" subject according to the original book price of fixed assets; At the same time, according to the difference between the depreciation accrued from the original price of the fixed assets after appreciation evaluation and the depreciation accrued from the original book price, or the average amount written off within the specified period (not exceeding 10 year), debit the "capital reserve" account and credit the "accumulated depreciation" account.
(II) Accounting Treatment for Appraisal of Impairment of Assets Restructured by State-owned Enterprises As there is no uniform and clear stipulation on accounting treatment for appraisal of impairment, there are two main treatment methods in practice, one is to directly write off capital reserve, and the other is to treat it as non-operating expenditure. These two treatment methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and enterprises should decide which treatment method to adopt according to the specific situation in actual work.
Four, assets appraisal value-added accounting treatment
The document "Provisions on Accounting Treatment of Pilot Enterprises with Assets Verification" [(93) Caihuizi No.80] stipulates that after the revaluation of the main fixed assets of enterprises, the book value of fixed assets should be adjusted accordingly after acceptance and verification. If the revaluation of fixed assets is value-added, the account of "fixed assets" shall be debited according to the original value-added amount of fixed assets, the account of "capital reserve" shall be credited according to the increase of the net value of fixed assets, and the account of "accumulated depreciation" shall be credited according to the difference. The value-added assessment of fixed assets in assets verification does not confirm the income, and the part of the value-added assessment can be depreciated. In addition, there is the appreciation of assets arising from bank loans. According to the document No.25 [1995], the book value of the revalued assets can only be adjusted in the case of legal revaluation and changes in enterprise property rights. Because an enterprise borrows money from a bank, the asset appraisal institution designated by the lending bank revalues the assets of the enterprise, which can only be used as the basis for the bank to lend money to the enterprise, and it does not belong to the statutory revaluation business, and the enterprise may not adjust the book value of the assets by itself.