Medical insurance is insurance to compensate medical expenses caused by diseases. Social insurance in which employees are provided with necessary medical services or material assistance by society or enterprises due to illness, injury or childbirth. For example, free medical care and labor insurance medical care in China. The medical expenses of employees in China are shared by the state, units and individuals to reduce the burden on enterprises and avoid waste. Many citizens and netizens questioned: How many years will medical insurance be paid? Minimum pension at retirement 15 years. Is there a time limit for medical insurance? Conditions for flexible employees to enjoy medical insurance benefits when they retire: individuals who have been insured before February 0, 2000 and added basic old-age insurance participate in basic medical insurance, and when they reach the legal retirement age and go through retirement procedures, if the payment period is not calculated after February 0, 2003, the actual continuous payment period of basic medical insurance shall not be less than 1 0; After 2003 1 month 1, if the payment period is calculated according to the unit payment time, the actual continuous payment period for paying basic medical insurance shall not be less than15; 65438+Individuals who participated in the basic old-age insurance after February 2000 participated in the basic medical insurance. When they reached the statutory retirement age, the actual continuous payment period of the basic medical insurance was not less than 30 years for men and not less than 25 years for women; If the payment period is insufficient, based on the average medical expenses of local retirees in the previous year, the basic medical insurance premium for the fixed period will be supplemented at a one-time rate of 10%.
Legal objectivity:
How long is the medical insurance payment period suitable? Medical insurance payment should be changed to the mode of "immediate investment and immediate insurance, no investment and no insurance". System transformation is once and for all, otherwise there will never be an optimal answer to discuss the length of payment period. Shenzhen's "new regulations" that "the eligibility conditions for retirees to enjoy medical insurance benefits have been raised from 15 to 25 years" have aroused widespread concern. "Social Insurance Law" only stipulates in principle that "if the accumulated payment reaches the fixed number of years stipulated by the state when reaching the legal retirement age, the basic medical insurance premium will not be paid after retirement", but it does not stipulate the specific number of years. As a result, the implementation varies greatly from place to place, showing a serious "fragmentation" state. As far as the information available at present is concerned, Shunde, Guangdong Province stipulates 25 years, Jiangmen, 20 years and Guangzhou 15 years. Other provinces are also uneven. This is not only a problem of social equity between regions, but also easy to produce comparison psychology, which is not conducive to reform. How long is the medical insurance payment period suitable? This is a major event involving the vital interests of all residents, which naturally causes heated discussion. I am thinking about the choice and future of medical insurance model. From a global perspective, if Singapore's large account medical insurance system is excluded, retirees can enjoy three modes of social medical insurance benefits, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared and analyzed as follows: The first mode is "young paid retirement enjoyment", that is, compulsory payment is implemented during the working period and free medical treatment is enjoyed at the legal retirement age. The medical insurance implemented in the United States is this model, which is a typical "personal lifelong consumption ironing" system. However, because the medical insurance for the working population in the United States is not a universal medical insurance model, but a commercial insurance model, this model is not suitable in China. The second model is the current model in China, that is, the compulsory payment system is implemented in the cause, and after reaching a certain number of years, you can enjoy the right of free medical care after retirement until your death. Many welfare countries in Europe have implemented this system, but with the deepening of aging, the phenomenon of making ends meet is very serious, and the national finance is overwhelmed. Needless to say, at present, there are many problems in this system in China: in addition to the different payment years in different parts of the country, it will damage social equity, and there will also be "intergenerational injustice." Because with the aggravation of aging, individual lifetime contributions will be higher and higher, and the rate of the next generation is higher than that of the previous generation. For another example, in the face of aging, various institutional parameters such as raising the rate or extending the payment period are often being adjusted, so social fluctuations can easily become a normal state. Finally, because there is a minimum payment period, all kinds of moral hazard can't be prevented. Different groups, different cities, different departments and so on will put forward various special reasons to maintain or establish their own privileges of a certain payment period. The third mode is "investment is insurance, and no investment is insurance". That is to say, no matter in the career stage or after retirement, as long as you pay the insurance, you will enjoy the current medical treatment. If you don't pay, you won't participate in the insurance system, so you won't enjoy the medical insurance treatment. This system is characterized by using the law of large numbers to collect current risks, pursuing current financial balance, low rate burden, no accumulation of rights and interests, no fear of various problems brought about by aging, and relatively stable treatment level. The problem is that the insurance payment of retirees affects the current consumption level, and a few poor groups need government subsidies to establish a relief system for the elderly poor. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the above three modes shows that the essence of the network dispute caused by Shenzhen reform is the choice of system. In the long run, the current system is in urgent need of reform, and it should be transformed into the third mode, that is to say, the system transformation is once and for all, otherwise the length of the payment period will never be an optimal answer, and then a country's welfare system will always be a hot potato.