County magistrate: official name, pronounced xiàn lìng. Refers to the length of a county. The name of county magistrate originated in the Warring States Period. Representative figures are Tao Yuanming and Di Renjie.

"Official Code Counties and Counties": "The magistrate, the length of the decree is also positive; County officials, cultural and educational officials also, from five products; County commandant, military commander also, the second five products ".

During the Warring States Period, Sanjin (Wei, Zhao, Han) and Qin called the county chief executive an order. Qin Shang-yang's political reform, and the small towns as counties, set orders and responsibilities. According to the laws and regulations of Qin and Han Dynasties, county officials in counties with a population of more than 10,000 households are called county orders. "Sui Shu Baiguan Zhi" only says that there are more than 5,000 county magistrates and less than 5,000 county magistrates in Chen, not to mention county magistrates. Beiqi county is divided into nine grades, and all county officials are ordered. Because of this, the Sui and Tang Dynasties only ranked the rank of county officials according to the rank of county, and the Tang County Order, Jingxian County and Jixian County had the same rank as the positive rank, while the Song County Order only existed in name, taking the Beijing Dynasty official as its duty, saying that it knew something about a county, so it had the name of a magistrate. Yuan is County Yin. In Ming and Qing dynasties, the official name was magistrate of a county. After the Revolution of 1911, the northern warlords were called county governors during their rule. During the Kuomintang rule, he was called the county magistrate.

As the head of a county, the county magistrate is busy with everything, such as setting tax quota, food management, agricultural affairs, customs trade, hearing cases and mediating disputes. According to the modern explanation, the county officials are all responsible for the key departments of the industry bureau, agriculture bureau, public security bureau, taxation bureau, judicial bureau, education bureau, land bureau, water conservancy bureau and procuratorate, which can be described as heavy responsibilities.

(B) the ancient county-level organizational structure

The county system was established in the Qin Dynasty as the basic organizational system of the local government. In the following 2,000 years, county-level organizations were relatively stable.

The Qin dynasty implemented the county system. The chief officer is the county magistrate or county magistrate ("more than 10,000 households are orders, but less than 10,000 households are long"), and there are county commandant and county magistrate below the county magistrate. There are townships and villages under the county.

In the Han dynasty (county system), the county chief was called the county magistrate, and there were Cheng and Wei. There are townships, pavilions and villages below the county level.

In the Sui Dynasty (state-county system), the county was divided into township and village.

The administrative divisions in the Tang Dynasty were basically three-level system, which mainly consisted of Dao-fu (state)-county, and the county officials were called county orders, who were in charge of persuading farmers and mulberry, collecting taxes, compiling household registration, and attending prison proceedings. The assistant officials are Xian Cheng, Chief Bookkeeper, County Commandant, Recorder, etc. Under the county, there are townships and villages, and "100 households are villages and five villages are villages".

The Song Dynasty (road system) implemented the three-level organizational system of road, prefecture and county.

Counties can be divided into promising, tight, upper, middle and lower levels. Those who are appointed as county magistrates by officials of the Beijing Dynasty are called magistrate of a county, and those who are elected as county magistrates are called county magistrates. There are Xiancheng, main book and county commandant under the magistrate and county magistrate.

In the Yuan Dynasty (provincial system), there were posts such as Dalu Huachi, County Yin, Cheng, Chief Bookkeeper, Commandant and Canon History. County consists of township capital, village community and Lijia.

In the Ming Dynasty, the chief officer of the county was the county magistrate, and there were Xiancheng, main book, canon history and so on. There is Lijia below the county level (later evolved into Baojia)

In the Qing Dynasty (provincial system), the chief officer of the county was the magistrate of a county, under which there were Xiancheng and the main book, and under them there were six rooms for officials, soldiers and criminals. Under the county is the Lijia system.